To investigate the effect of acid and alkali stress on ginsenoside content of Panax ginseng, adventitious roots culture in bioreactors were incubated for 30 d and pH value was adjusted. Ginsenoside content increased by reducing or raising the pH in culture medium, the muxium ginsenoside content was determined on the 5th days after acid treatment and on the 7th days after alkali treatment. The result of histochemical localization of ginsenoside revealed that the red color from light to dark were found in the adventitious root tissue, and ginsenoside mainly located in the pericycle cells where appeared the dark red color.
Ginsenosides ; metabolism ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Panax ; metabolism ; physiology ; Plant Roots ; metabolism ; Stress, Physiological ; Time Factors

To improve cell suspension culture system of Panax ginseng, the dynamic of cell growth and medium consumption were studied, and the effects of filter on the culture vessel, revolution number, and inoculation density on cell growth and ginsenoside accumulation were also investigated. The maximum cell growth and ginsenoside accumulation was found on the 20th days of suspension culture, therefore, 20 days were confirmed as a suitable culture period for mass production of ginsenoside. Cell growth and ginsenoside content were promoted when the culture vessel had a ventilated filter. Revolution speed during suspension culture affected cell growth, but not ginsenoside content, a peak of ginsenoside productivity was found in the treatment of 120 r x min(-1). Inoculation density also influenced cell growth and ginsenoside accumulation, inoculation density of 6 g was better than other inoculation densities, the ginsenoside content and productivity were up to 12.8 mg x g(-1) DW and 146.6 mg x L(-1), respectively.
Cell Culture Techniques ; methods ; Cell Proliferation ; Culture Media ; chemistry ; Ginsenosides ; metabolism ; Panax ; cytology ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Suspensions

OBJECTIVETo provide a new material for producing the Rhodiolasachalinensis products, the effect of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on callus biomass and effective compound accumulation of Rhodiolasachalinensis was studied.

METHODThe calluses-cultured in 3 L-air lift balloon type bioreactor were treated with MeJA after 20 d of bioreactor culture and the effect of MeJA concentration and treatment days on callus biomass, salidroside or polysaccharide accumulation and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities were investigated.

RESULTThe callus biomass was not significantly different after MeJA treatment (125) for 0-6 d but obviously decreased after 6 d treatment. The maximum salidroside or polysaccharide contents and SOD or POD activities were found after 4 d treatment of MeJA. MeJA concentration significantly affected callus biomass and effective compound accumulation, biomass decreased at MeJA concentrations higher than 125 μmol x L(-1). However, the effective compound contents were determined at higher MeJA concentration, and the highest salidroside and polysaccharide accumulation was found at 225 and 275 μmol x L(-1) MeJA, respectively and the maximum SOD and POD activities was found at 225 μmol x L(-1) MeJA. The effective compound contents in callus were compared with field-grown plants. Salidroside contents in calluses were 1.1-fold and 2. 4-fold more than in plant roots and stem or leave, respectively. Polysaccharide content in calluses were 3. 6-fold and 8.0-fold more than in plant roots and stem or leave, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSalidorside and polysaccharide in Rhodiolasachalinensiscalluses improved by MeJA treatment, 225 μmol x L(-1) MeJA and 4 d treatment were optimal. The effective compound contents in callus were obviously higher than in field-grown plants. Therefore, bioreactor culture is efficient for obtaining mass effective compounds of Rhodiolasachalinensis by culturing calluses. This method could provide an alternative material source for production of Rhodiolasachalinensis products.

Acetates ; pharmacology ; Biomass ; Bioreactors ; Cyclopentanes ; pharmacology ; Glucosides ; metabolism ; Oxylipins ; pharmacology ; Peroxidase ; metabolism ; Phenols ; metabolism ; Polysaccharides ; metabolism ; Rhodiola ; metabolism ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

Several kinds of column chromatography method were used to investigate the chemical constituents of the leaves of Lophatherum gracile. The structures of the isolated compounds were identified based on their physicochemical properties and spectral data. A new flavone C-glycoside was isolated and its structure was identified as 3'-methoxyl-luteolin 6-C-beta-D-galactopyranosiduronic acid (1 --> 2) -alpha-L-arabinopyranoside (1).
Antiviral Agents ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Flavones ; chemistry ; Glycosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Hydrolysis ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Poaceae ; chemistry

s:The chemical constituents of gliocladium roseum(called Y)accelerating the growth of famous medicin al plant Anoectochilus roxburghiiwas studied.Five comp ounds were separated by silica gel column chromatograph from this fungal mycelia and their structures were elu cidated by the data of IR,NMR,UV and MS.Compound I was 6,22-diene-3-hydroxy- 5,8-epidioxy ergosta,compound 2 is ergosterol,compound 3 is D-arabitol and com pound 4 is mannitol.

A 48-year-old woman presented with a 50-day history of irregular vaginal bleeding and lower abdominal pain. Ultrasound indicated an extremely large occupying lesion in the pelvic cavity that was highly suggestive of malignancy. Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) was performed to further assess the nature of pelvic abnormality. PET/CT images demonstrated a diffusely lobulated mass ranging from cervix up to the inferior pole of kidneys with mild FDG uptake. Simultaneously, multiple nodules in bilateral lungs and a hypodense lesion in the right ventricle were shown without FDG-avidity. Based on the imaging results, the presumptive diagnosis was uterine intravenous leiomyomatosis with intracardiac extension and pulmonary benign metastases, which was subsequently confirmed by MRI and the lesion biopsy.
Female ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18/chemistry ; Humans ; Leiomyoma/pathology/radiography ; Leiomyomatosis/pathology/*radiography ; Lung Neoplasms/radiography/*secondary ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Aged ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Uterine Neoplasms/pathology/radiography ; Vena Cava, Inferior/pathology

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Ovarian Diseases ; diagnosis ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Pregnancy

OBJECTIVETo study the liver histopathological features of chronic HBV carriers and inactive HBsAg carriers.

METHODSLiver biopsies were performed on 189 chronic HBV carriers and 30 inactive HBsAg carriers (219 cases in total). All of them had a normal serum ALT value; they were then followed-up for more than 6 months. HBsAg and HBcAg were detected by immunohistochemistry. The circulating HBV DNA loads and serologic markers of HBV were examined at the same time. Grades of liver necrosis/inflammation and fibrosis were compared between the patients regarding their HBV DNA positivity or negativity. The relationships between the HBeAg positivity and degrees of liver histological changes were evaluated. The grades of liver necrosis/inflammation and fibrosis were compared between three age groups: younger than 18 years, 18-40, and older than 40 years.

RESULTSTwo hundred eight carriers of the total 219 (95.0%) had histological liver changes. Fifty percent (104/208) of them had mild histological changes (G0-1/S0-1), while more severe changes (G3-4 and/or S3-4) were found in 18 out of the 208. There were no significant differences in the grades of liver necrosis/inflammation and fibrosis between the chronic HBV carriers and the inactive HBsAg carriers. Among the serologic HBV DNA positive carriers, hepatic fibrosis was more severe in the HBeAg negative group than in the positive group (chi2 = 9.551, P = 0.008), but no differences of the necrosis/inflammation grades were seen between the two groups. The rate of severe fibrosis (S3-4) was 21.1% in those carriers older than 40 years but was 7.7% in patients younger than 18 years. However, no statistically significant differences in degrees of liver inflammation and fibrosis were found among the three age groups. HBcAg positive rate was 100% in the liver tissues of all the chronic HBV carriers, but only in 33.3% in the inactive HBsAg carriers.

CONCLUSIONSThe majority of our HBV carriers have liver inflammation and fibrosis. More severe histological changes were found in 8.65% of them. Liver fibrosis existed in the carriers with negative HBeAg and in those older than 40 years. HBcAg was found in hepatic tissues while their serological HBV DNA was negative.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Carrier State ; pathology ; virology ; Child ; Female ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B virus ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; pathology ; virology ; Humans ; Liver ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

To investigate the effects of active ingredients of Plastrum Testudinis (PT) on serum deprivation-induced apoptosis of epidermal stem cells (ESCs).

OBJECTIVETo elucidate the molecular mechanism of Wendan Tang in prevention of lipid metabolism disorder in adult rats.

METHODOn the basis of hyperlipidemia rat models, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC) in serum, activities of lipase (LA), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), hepatic lipase (HL) in liver, parts of hemogram and hepatic LDLR mRNA levels were investigated 21 days after the feeding of atherogenic diet.

RESULTWendan Tang significantly reduced the serum TG, TC and increased the activity of LPL and LA, but caused no chang in HL. The result of RT-PCR test showed that high fat and high cholesterol feeding could significantly induce the reduction of LDLR mRNA levels, while Wendan Tang could increase hepatic LDLR density.

CONCLUSIONWendan Tang can prevent disorder of lipid metabolism by regulating TC, TG, LDL-c through upregaulation of LDLR transcription level and improving antioxidant ability.

Animals ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Female ; Hyperlipidemias ; blood ; metabolism ; prevention & control ; Lipid Metabolism ; Liver ; metabolism ; Male ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Rats ; Receptors, LDL ; biosynthesis ; genetics