Objective To evaluate the effect of nitrous oxide(N2O) on the cuff pressure of ProSeal laryngeal mask airway(PLMA) in pediatric anesthesia. Methods Thirty-two pediatic patients were enrolled and divided into two groups randomly.PLMA cuffs were inflated with air(Group A) or 50% N2O/oxyen(Group N) to 20 mmHg as initial pressure.The intracuff pressure was monitored during anesthesia with 50% N2O in oxygen. Results Intracuff pressure increased to(40.6?9.3) mmHg in Group A and slightly decreased in Group N.Deflation volume in Group A was much more than that in Group N[(4.4?2.3) mL vs(2.6?1.0) mL,P

Objective To investigate the expression of cyclin kinase inhibitor P21~(WAF1) and P27~(KIP1)in children with acute leukemia and its clinical significance.Methods A total of 32 hospitalized children with acute leukemia(AL) were included in this study.Their bone marrow samples were collected before chemotherapy and individual patient was detected after complete remission(CR).The method of immunocytochemistry was used to estimate the expression of P21~(WAF1) and P27~(KIP1).Both positive percentage and intensity of the cells were counted.Results Findings showed that the positive ratios of P21~(WAF1) and P27~(KIP1) in total samples,ALL samples and AML samples were lower than the control group(P

The internship is the transition period of a medico becoming a doctor,the cultivation of clinical work ability of interns is a comprehensive ability cultivation which includes the foundation theories' consolidation and use,the practical operative train- ing,the cultivation of clinical thought ability and communication between doctors and patients,etc.To educate pediatrics intern has its characteristics.

17 strains of bacterium that produced a large amount of ?-PGA when it was grown aerobically in a culture medium containing ammonium salt and sugar as sources of nitrogen and carbon respectively,were isolated from bean products.With the following identifications of colony morphology,physiological and biochemistry experiments,and genetics,the strain PGA-O-7 was classified as a Bacillus subtilis.The PGA production 2.8 (mg/mL) was obtained when it was grown in a medium containing 3% ammonium sulfate and 4% glucose at 30℃ for 72h with sharking.

A system analysis about the microbial flora of normal and abnormal soybean sauce liquor from the high-salt-level watery state fermentation was made and the dominant bacteria and yeasts were identified.On the other hand,a discussion of effect of temperature on microbial flora was made.The results indicated that there were no obvious differences about the count of aerobe,spore-producing bacteria,enterobacteriaceae,lactic acid bacteria and anaerobe between the normal and abnormal soybean sauce liquor and there were marked differences about the count of yeasts and salt-tolerant bacteria.The predominant yeasts in normal soybean sauce were Torulopsis and Saccharomyces,accounting for 55.9% and 35.3% of the total yeasts separately,and in abnormal soybean sauce were Pichia,candida and Saccharomyces,accounting for 62.8%,17.9% and 9.0% respectively.

These years with industrial antiseptics and disinfectants widely used, especially unscientifically used, the resistance of microorganisms is more and more serious, which brought much more difficulties to industrial producing. The developments on the resistance of microorganisms to industrial antiseptics and disinfectants, their resistant mechanisms and the control strategies are reviewed, which aids us to reasonably use industrial organic antiseptics and disinfectants in existence and provides academic and scientific basis.

Objective To compare the differences of clinical characteristics between genotype B and C chronic hepatitis B(CHB)patients and to summarize clinical factors related to genotype C hepa- titis B virus(HBV)infection.Methods Seventy eight CHB patients who were diagnosed with genotype B or C infection by liver puncture biopsy and genotyping were enrolled.Their serum HBV DNA levels were detected.Severe hepatitis,liver cirrhosis,hepatocellular carcinoma and HBeAg positive rate were analyzed to determine the pathologic inflammation and fibrosis degree of liver tissue.Chi square test and Logistic multiple regression analysis were employed for the statistical analysis.Results The serum albumin and pre-protein were lower in genotype C CHB patients than that in genotype B.The alanine aminotrans- ferase,total bilirubin and prothrombin time were higher in genotype C CHB patients than that in genotype B.The rates of genotype C patients increased significantly with the grade of liver necroin- flammation progressing from GO to G4(1.8%,11.1%,20.4%,33.3%,33.3%) and the stage of liver fibrosis progressing from SO to S4(5.6%,5.6%,14.8%,33.3%,40.7%),but the rates of genotype B patients did not change significantly with the grade of liver necroinflammation(16.7%, 25.0%,25.0%,20.8%,12.5%)and stage of liver fibrosis progressing(16.7%,29.2%%,20.8%, 16.7%,16.7%).There was statistical significance in grades of liver necroinflammation(X~2= 11.49,P=0.022)and stages of liver fibrosis(X~2=13.56,P=0.006)between genotype B and gen- otype C patients.The rates of genotype C CHB patients were higher than,similar with and lower than the rates of genotype B patients of HBV DNA level above 1.0?10~6 copy/mL,between 5.0?10~2-1.0?10~6 copy/mL and under 5.0?10~2 copy/mL,respectively(51.8% vs 12.5%,35.2% vs 45.8% and 13.0% vs 41.7%).There was statistical significance of HBV loads between genotype B and genotype C patients(X~2=13.25,P=0.001).HBeAg positive rate in genotype C patients was significantly higher than that in genotype B patients(61.1% vs 25.0%,X~2=8.67,P=0.003).The rates of decompensated cirrhosis,compensated cirrhosis and no-cirrhosis in genotype C patients were higher than,similiar with and lower than the rates in genotype B patients,respectively(40.7% vs 4.2%,22.2% vs 20.8% and 37.0% vs 75.0%).There was statistical significance of the rate of cirrhosis between genotype B and genotype C patients (X~2=12.47,P=0.002).Conclusions The degree of liver necroinflammation and fibrosis,the HBeAg positive rate and the incidence of cirrhosis are all related with genotype C HBV infection.

Objective To investigate the effects of integrin β1 gene expression inhibited by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) on invasion of pancreatic carcinoma PANC1 cells in vitro,and investigate the mechanism.Methods The eukaryotic expression plasmid of shRNA targeting integrin β1 gene ( integrin β1 shRNA) and control eukaryotic expression plasmid shRNA (c-shRNA) was constructed and was transfected into PANC1 cells.The cells without plasmid transfection were used as control.The expressions of integrinβ1,MMP 2,MMP 9 mRNA and protein were detected by real-time PCR and Western blotting.The invasive ability of PANC1 cells was observed with Transwell cell culture chamber.Results Integrinβ1 mRNA expressions in integrinβ1 shRNA group,c-shRNA group and control group were 0.0029 ± 0.0004,0.0131 ± 0.0009,0.0138 ± 0.0005 ; the expressions of integrinβ1 protein were 0.0159 ± 0.0062,0.3215 ± 0.0126,0.3107 ±0.0094; the inhibitory rate of integrinβ1 mRNA and protein expression in integrinβ1 shRNA group was (78.6 ±7.2 ) ％ and (92.9 ± 3.2) ％ ( P ＜ 0.01 ).But there was no difference between the c-shRNA group and control group (P =0.2999).Number of penetrating cells in integrinβ1 shRNA group decreased from 52 ±5 to 21 ±4( P ＜ 0.01 ) ; the expression of MMP 2 and MMP 9 mRNA decreased from 0.592 ± 0.073,0.847 ± 0.069 to 0.102 ± 0.034,0.273 ± 0.071 ; the expression of M MP2 and MMP 9 protein decreased from 0.225 ± 0.046,0.416 ±0.081 to 0.059 ±0.013,0.106 ±0.022(P ＜0.05).Conclusions Recombinant integrinβ1 shRNA expression plasmid can effectively inhibit the expression of integrinβ1 gene and suppress the invasion of PANC1 cells in vitro by down-regulating MMP 2 and MMP 9 gene expression.

The glycosylation heterogeneity of recombinant human pro-urokinase (pro-UK) was assessed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). Firstly, the source of heterogeneity was determined by measuring the M_r of intact protein before and after N-deglycosylation. Glycosylation sites and the proportion of O-glycopeptides then were determined at the peptide level. Finally, the N-glycans were confirmed and quantified using the N-glycan profile. Results show that the structural heterogeneity of pro-UK is mainly caused by glycosylation. All T₁₈ were fucosylated, and 6.4% of S_138/139 was O-glycosylated with two kinds of oligosaccharides with a ratio of 6.0% and 0.4% respectively. All N₃₀₂ positions were N-glycosylated by more than ten types of glycans, among which A2F and A3F accounted for 80% of the total. The assessment of glycosylation heterogeneity of pro-UK will provide a reference for quality standardization.

Valproate is commonly used as a first-line broad-spectrum anti-epileptic drug. Valproate has a narrow therapeutic window, its metabolism is affected by many factors, and it has great individual differences, which makes individualized drug dosage regime needed for valproate. Population pharmacokinetics: is a population analytical method developed in recent years. This paper reviewed the in viva metabolic process and the population pharmacokinetics of valproate in recent years, and analyzed the factors that may affect the metabolism of valproate, including demographic factors, genetic factors and concomitant medications, hoping to provide reference for clinical individualized drug dosage regime.