OBJECTIVETo summarize the complications and the early clinical effect of less invasive stabilization system and the femoral condylar support plates in the treatment of AO type C distal femoral fractures.

METHODSFrom September 2007 to February 2012, 46 patients with AO type C distal femoral fractures were retrospectively studied. Of all patients 25 were treated with less invasive stabilization system including 14 males and 11 females with a mean age of (56.3±4.2) years old; according to AO classification, there were 14 cases of C1, 8 cases of C2 and 3 cases of C3 with a mean hospital stay of (15.6±1.7) days. While 21 cases were treated with femoral condylar support plates fixation including 12 males and 9 females with a mean age of (53.8±5.1) years old;there were 13 cases of C1, 6 cases of C2 and 2 cases of C3 with a mean hospital stay of (17.8±2.2) days. Comparative analysis was performed from the operation related index,postoperative complications and Evanich score of the knee joint function between the two groups at follow-up.

RESULTSAll 46 patients were followed up from 13 to 38 months with a mean time of 19.6 months after surgery. Complications included 1 case with infection,3 cases with internal fixation failure, 1 case with nonunion and 1 case with activity limitation of the affected knee. The differences in the incision length, blood loss, fracture healing time were significant between two groups (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in the duration of operations, hospital stays and the incidence of postoperative complications between two groups (P>0.05). The statistical significance was also found in the Evanich score at last follow-up between two groups (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONPatients with less invasive stabilization system fixation had the characteristics of less trauma, shorter fracture healing time and better functional recovery. Less invasive stabilization system had became one of the ideal internal fixations in the treatment of AO type C distal femoral fractures.

Adult ; Aged ; Bone Plates ; Female ; Femoral Fractures ; surgery ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; adverse effects ; instrumentation ; Fracture Healing ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; epidemiology

Objective To investigate the effect of ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation on the expression and secretion of cathepsin G (CatG) by human dermal fibroblasts.Methods Dermal fibroblasts were isolated from the foreskins of boys,and subjected to primary culture and subculture.After 10 or less passages,the fibroblasts were collected and divided into several groups to be irradiated with 10 J/cm2 UVA followed by 24,48 and 72 hours of additional culture,or be irradiated with 10,20 and 30 J/cm2 UVA followed by 24 hours of additional culture,with those receiving no treatment serving as the control group.Subsequently,cells and culture supernatant were collected,real time PCR and Western blot were performed to detect the expressions of CatG mRNA and protein respectively in these cells,and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was conducted to measure the expression of CatG protein in the culture supernatant of these cells.Results Compared with the control group,the fibroblasts irradiated with 10 J/cm2 UVA showed a significant increase at 24,48 and 72 hours in the expressions of CatG mRNA (0.376 ± 0.014 vs.0.183 ± 0.003,0.308 ± 0.022 vs.0.185 ± 0.005,0.296 ± 0.032 vs.0.182 ± 0.004,respectively,all P＜ 0.05) and protein (1.80 ± 0.12 vs.0.96 ± 0.06,1.41 ± 0.17 vs.0.95 ± 0.22,1.27 ± 0.09 vs.1.00 ± 0.14,respectively,all P ＜ 0.05),as well as in the supernatant level of CatG protein ((161.35 ± 7.55) vs.(122.45 ± 6.46) ng/L,(141.76 ± 2.95) vs.(124.17 ± 6.15) ng/L,(139.63 ± 3.04) vs.(121.72 ± 3.17) ng/L respectively,all P ＜0.05),with the strongest increase observed at 24 hours.At 24 hours after 10,20 and 30 J/cm2 of UVA radiation,the expression of CatG mRNA in irradiated fibroblasts was 1.90,2.51 and 3.04 times respectively (all P ＜ 0.05),the expression of CatG protein was 1.88,3.97 and 4.72 times respectively (P ＜ 0.05),and the supernatant level of CatG protein was 1.36,1.50 and 1.66 times respectively (P ＜ 0.05),that in the control group,and there was an increasing trend in all the above three parameters with increasing dose of UVA.Conclusion Acute UVA radiation can promote the expression and secretion of CatG by human dermal fibroblasts.

Objective To investigate whether ultraviolet A UVA)-induced CatK expression is regulated by the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathway in human dermal fibroblasts in vitro.Methods Human dermal fibroblasts were obtained from circumcised foreskin of children,and subjected to primary culture.After several passages of subculture,some fibroblasts were irradiated with UVA at a dose of 10 J/cm2.Western blot was performed to measure the expressions of total and phosphorylated JNK (t-and p-JNK) and P38 (t-and p-P38) at 0.75,1.5,3 and 6 hours after the irradiation.Some fibroblasts were divided into six groups:control group receiving no treatment,SP group treated with SP600125 of 800 nmol/L,SB group treated with SB203580 of 10 μmol/L,UVA group irradiated with UVA at a dose of 10 J/cm2,UVA-SP group treated with SP600125 for 1 hour before and for 1.5 or 48 hours after UVA irradiation at 10 J/cm2,UVA-SB group treated with SB203580 for 1 hour before and for 1.5 or 48 hours after UVA radiation at 10 J/cm2.Subsequently,Western blot was performed to determine the expressions of p-c-Jun and p-MAPKAPK2 in these groups at 1.5 hours after the UVA irradiation,and reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and Western blot to detect the mRNA and protein expressions of CatK at 48 hours after the UVA irradiation,respectively.Statistical analysis was carried out by t test,one way analysis of variance and least significant difference (LSD)-t test.Results The expression levels (gray values) of p-JNK and p-P38 were significantly increased at 0.75 hour (4.77 ± 0.19 and 2.44 ± 0.13 respectively,both P ＜ 0.05) and 1.5 hours (4.68 ± 0.09 and 2.30 ± 0.04 respectively,both P ＜ 0.05),but showed no significant changes at 3 hours (both P ＞ 0.05) and 6 hours (both P ＞ 0.05) after the UVA irradiation compared with those before the irradiation (3.2 ± 0.27 and 1.61 ± 0.08 respectively).A significant decrease was observed in the expression of p-c-Jun in the UVA-SP group and p-MAPKAPK2 in the UVA-SB group compared with the UVA group (p-c-Jun,2.55 ± 0.48 vs.4.85 ±0.96; p-MAPKAPK2,1.16 ± 0.12 vs.2.46 ± 0.09,both P ＜ 0.05).The CatK mRNA and protein expressions were attenuated by 61.1％ and 44.3％ respectively in the UVA-SP group (both P ＜ 0.05),and by 71.3％ and 50.4％ respectively in the UVA-SB group (both P ＜ 0.05) in comparison with the UVA group.The UVA-SP group also showed a significant reduction in CatK mRNA and protein expressions as compared with the UVA-SB group (both P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Both JNK and P38 signaling pathways,especially the JNK pathway,may contribute to the upregulation of CatK expression in dermal fibroblasts induced by UVA irradiation.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects on the lower limbs function after lumbar or sacral nerve root transferring to reconstruct urination function.

METHODSNine patients with bladder dysfunction and normal lower limb function after spinal cord injury were treated with anastomosis the S2 or S3 nerve root with the normal lumbar or sacral nerve root to reconstruct a new bladder artificial reflex arc. Then the alterations on the sensation and motor function of the lower limb after the surgery were observed.

RESULTSMyodynamia of the legs decreased slightly, and the decreasing about half grade of the myodynamia in the plantar flexion of the ankles were detected in 4 of 9 patients with S1 transferring. And the myodynamia recovered 3 months postoperatively. No obvious decreasing of the myodynamia appeared in the other cases.

CONCLUSIONNo obvious effects on the motor function can be found after the single lumbar or sacral nerve root transferring to reconstruct urination function.

Adult ; Exercise ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; innervation ; physiopathology ; Lumbosacral Region ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reflex ; Rhizotomy ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; complications ; physiopathology ; Spinal Nerve Roots ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Urinary Bladder ; innervation ; physiopathology ; Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic ; etiology ; physiopathology ; surgery

BACKGROUNDThere are few effective methods for treating injuries to the lower trunk of brachial plexus, and the curative effect is usually poor. The purpose of this study was to provide anatomic references for transferring the brachialis muscle branch of musculocutaneous nerve (BMBMCN) for selective neurotization of finger flexion in brachial plexus lower trunk injury, and to evaluate its clinical curative effects.

METHODSMicroanatomy and measurement were done on 50 limbs from 25 adult human cadavers to observe the origin, branch, type of the BMBMCN and median nerve, as well as their adjacent structures. Internal topographic features of the fascicular groups of the median nerve at the level of the BMBMCN were observed. In addition, the technique of BMBMCN transfer for selective neurotization of finger flexion of the median nerve was designed and tested in 6 fresh adult human cadavers. Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) staining of the BMBMCN and median nerve was done to observe the features of the nerve fibers. This technique was clinically tried to restore digital flexion in 6 cases of adult brachial plexus lower trunk injury. These cases were followed up for 3, 6, 9 and 12 months postoperatively. Recovery of function, grip strength, nerve electrophysiology and muscle power of the affected limbs were observed and measured.

RESULTSThe brachialis muscle was totally innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve (MCN). Based on the Hunter's line, the level of the origin of the BMBMCN was (13.18 +/- 2.77) cm. AchE histochemical staining indicated that the BMBMCN were totally made up of medullated nerve fibers. At the level of the BMBMCN, the median nerve consistently collected into three fascicular groups as shown by microanatomy in combination with AchE stain. The posterior fascicular group was mainly composed of anterior interosseous nerves and branches to the palmaris longus. The technique was tested in six fresh cadavers successfully, except that stoma split occurred in one case. Five of the six cases recovered digital flexion 12 months after operation, and at the same time grip strength, muscle power, and nerve electrophysiology also recovered markedly.

CONCLUSIONSThe technique of transferring the BMBMCN for selective neurotization of finger flexion is anatomically safe and effective, with satisfactory clinical outcomes.

Acetylcholinesterase ; analysis ; Adult ; Brachial Plexus ; anatomy & histology ; injuries ; Brachial Plexus Neuropathies ; surgery ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Musculocutaneous Nerve ; transplantation ; Nerve Transfer ; methods ; Retrospective Studies

We propose a new method for tumor classification from gene expression data, which mainly contains three steps. Firstly, the original DNA microarray gene expression data are modeled by independent component analysis (ICA). Secondly, the most discriminant eigenassays extracted by ICA are selected by the sequential floating forward selection technique. Finally, support vector machine is used to classify the modeling data. To show the validity of the proposed method, we applied it to classify three DNA microarray datasets involving various human normal and tumor tissue samples. The experimental results show that the method is efficient and feasible.
Artificial Intelligence ; Colonic Neoplasms ; classification ; genetics ; Computational Biology ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Databases, Genetic ; Discriminant Analysis ; Gene Expression Profiling ; statistics & numerical data ; Glioma ; classification ; genetics ; Humans ; Leukemia ; classification ; genetics ; Models, Statistical ; Neoplasms ; classification ; genetics ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; statistics & numerical data ; Principal Component Analysis

OBJECTIVETo investigate the protective effect and mechanism of Shenqi Compound on diabetic angiopathy modeled rats.

METHODSTotally 18 SD rats were randomized into 3 groups, i.e., the normal control group, the diabetic mellitus (DM) group, and Shenqi Compound group, 6 in each group. The DM rat model was established by feeding high-fat diet (to induce hyperlipidemia) +intraperitoneal injection of small dose streptozotocin (STZ). Shenqi Compound was given to rats in the Shenqi Compound group at the daily dose of 2 g/kg. Equal volume of normal saline was given to rats in the model group and the normal control group by gastrogavage. All treatment was lasted for 12 weeks. Then 2-D and ultrasonic integrated backscatter technique were used to evaluate structural and functional changes of abdominal aorta in the progression of diabetic macroangiopathy. The fibrosis degree of the aorta vessel and myocardium capillaries were observed by using HE and Masson trichrome staining. The tension of the aortic vascular ring was determined. The transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) mRNA expression was detected by real time PCR (RT-PCR). The protein expression of TGF-beta, collagen I, collagen III, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), and phosphorylation P38 MAPK were detected by Western blot.

RESULTSCompared with the normal control group, abdominal aortic systolic inner diameter, diastolic inner diameter, Peterson elastic modulus, stiffness index, and backscatter integral significantly increased; the rangeability of integral backscatter and the extension coefficient of cross section significantly decreased in the DM group (all P < 0.05). After 12 weeks aforesaid indices were obviously improved in the Shenqi Compound group (P < 0.05). Results of HE and Masson staining showed that the fibrosis degree of the aorta vessel and myocardium capillaries was obviously alleviated in rats of the Shenqi Compound group (P < 0.05). Results of the aortic vascular ring tension showed that acetylcholine induced vasodilatation and maximum diastolic percent were obviously elevated in the Shenqi Compound group (P < 0.05). Compared with the normal control group, the mRNA expression of TGF-beta, and the protein expression of TGF-beta, collagen I, and collagen III, and phosphorylation of P38 MAPK all significantly increased in the DM group (P < 0.05). Compared with the DM group, the mRNA expression of TGF-beta, and the protein expression of TGF-beta, collagen I, and collagen III, and phosphorylation of P38 MAPK all decreased (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSShenqi Compound could effectively improve the arterial function in diabetic marcoangiopathy and microvascular dysfunction. The mechanism might be due to the down-regulating the expression of TGF-beta, and further suppressing the phosphorylation of P38 MAPK, reducing the synthesis of collagen I and collagen III, therefore, ameliorating arterial and myocardial interstitial fibrosis.

Animals ; Collagen Type I ; metabolism ; Collagen Type III ; metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; drug therapy ; Diabetic Angiopathies ; prevention & control ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Male ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; metabolism ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of DNA vaccine transdermal delivery with microneedle array.

METHODSThe pcDNA3.1-HPV16E7 recombinant vector acting as gene vaccine was established. The infiltration quantity of pcDNA3.1-HPV16E7 getting across the microchannels generated by microneedle arrays in vitro was observed. 30 BALB/c mice were divided into 3 groups (experimental group, in vain plasmid group, negative control). Each group had 10 mice. Then immunized BALB/c mice with a dose of 200 microg with microneedle array every two weeks. The control groups did the same as that as the study groups. Two weeks after the third immunization, the serum and lymphocytes were separated to detect the functions of humoral immunity with indirect immunofluorescence test, while, the functions of cellular immunity with lymphocyte transformation test was also detected.

RESULTSThe DNA vaccine could easily get across the microchannels generated by microneedle arrays in vitro. Moreover, the course was permanent and the whole infiltration quantity was comparatively high, reaching 0.73819 mg/cm2 at the 30th hour. And among immunized BALB/c mouse, DNA vaccine transdermal delivery with microneedle array could induce specific antibodies. Lymphocyte transformation test showed that there was significant difference for the lymphocyte transformation rate between experiment (the average of lymphocyte transformation rate was 47.25%) and control group (the average of lymphocyte transformation rate was 30.00%) (chi2 = 12.903, P < 0.001). Also, the difference was found between in vain plasmid group (the average of lymphocyte transformation rate was 43.00%) and negative control(chi2 = 7.292, P = 0.007). While, no difference was observed in the experimental group and in vain plasmid group (chi2 = 0.817, P = 0.366).

CONCLUSIONThe DNA vaccine combined administering with microneedle array might get across the microchannels generated by microneedle arrays in vitro and induce humoral and cellular immune response in vivo.

Administration, Cutaneous ; Animals ; Human papillomavirus 16 ; genetics ; immunology ; Injections ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Skin Absorption ; Vaccines, DNA ; administration & dosage ; immunology

BACKGROUNDThe neurogenic bladder dysfunction caused by spinal cord injury is difficult to treat clinically. The aim of this research was to establish an artificial bladder reflex arc in rats through abdominal reflex pathway above the level of spinal cord injury, reinnervate the neurogenic bladder and restore bladder micturition.

METHODSThe outcome was achieved by intradural microanastomosis of the right T13 ventral root to S2 ventral root with autogenous nerve grafting, leaving the right T13 dorsal root intact. Long-term function of the reflex arc was assessed from nerve electrophysiological data and intravesical pressure tests during 8 months postoperation. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) tracing was performed to observe the effectiveness of the artificial reflex.

RESULTSSingle stimulus (3 mA, 0.3 ms pulses, 20 Hz, 5-second duration) on the right T13 dorsal root resulted in evoked action potentials, raised intravesical pressures and bladder smooth muscle, compound action potential recorded from the right vesical plexus before and after the spinal cord transaction injury between L5 and S4 segmental in 12 Sprague-Dawley rats. There were HRP labelled cells in T13 ventral horn on the experimental side and in the intermediolateral nucleus on both sides of the L6-S4 segments after HRP injection. There was no HRP labelled cell in T13 ventral horn on the control side.

CONCLUSIONUsing the surviving somatic reflex above the level of spinal cord injury to reconstruct the bladder autonomous reflex arc by intradural microanastomosis of ventral root with a segment of autologous nerve grafting is practical in rats and may have clinical applications for humans.

Anastomosis, Surgical ; Animals ; Atropine ; pharmacology ; Male ; Models, Theoretical ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reflex, Abdominal ; drug effects ; physiology ; Trimethaphan ; pharmacology ; Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic ; physiopathology

In order to investigate the role of calcium pathway in myeloid differentiation, the expression level of genes related to calcium pathway in all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-induced NB4 cell differentiation was detected by cDNA microarray, some of which were further confirmed by quantitative real time RT-PCR. At the same time, the expressions of these genes in NB4-R1 cells treated with ATRA and 8-CPT-cAM P alone or in combination, and in differentiation of primary cells from ATRA-induced newly diagnosed APL patients were detected by real time RT-PCR. The results showed that during differentiation of ATRA-induced NB4 cells, the expressions of genes related to calcium concentration had changed, the expression of downstream effectors in calcium pathway was up-regulated and confirmed by real time RT-PCR assay. The expression of genes related to calcium concentration did not change significantly when NB4-R1 cells were treated by ATRA or 8-CPT-cAMP alone, but expression changes of those genes were similar to the changes in ATRA-induced NB4 cell differentiation when NB4-R1 cells were treated by ATRA combined with 8-CPT-cAMP. In addition, the expression changes of those genes in ATRA-induced primary cells of patients with APL were also similar to changes in ATRA-induced NB4 cell differentiation. It is concluded that calcium pathway may be involved in ATRA-induced differentiation in APL cell.
Calcium ; metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic ; Humans ; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute ; genetics ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Tretinoin ; pharmacology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured