Pooled literatures showed that the induced abortion in China faces many problems:the number of induced abortion remains large; most cases are young and nulliparity women; the frequency of abortion is high; and the interval between one and another abortion is short. Health promotion strategies should be applied to address these problems. It is important to increase the population's awareness of contraception,especially among nulliparity and migrant populations. Routine and effective contraceptive methods should be recommended and emphasized during induced abortion and delivery to lower the rate of induced abortion.
Abortion, Induced ; statistics & numerical data ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy

OBJECTIVE To study the drug-resistant diversity of Gram-negative bacilli isolated from inpatients during recent five years.METHODS A total of 1 464 Gram-negative bacilli isolated were detected and retrospectively analyzed from 1999 to 2003.Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using Kirby-Bauer method.RESULTS The resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to piperacillin rised from 17.6% of 1999 to 79.2% of 2003,and that to ciprofloxacin rised from 4.3% of 1999 to 36.0% of 2003.The resistance of Escherichia coli to quinolones was above 50%,while to third-generation cephalosporins was 30-40%;the resistance of E.coli to piperacillin rised from 42.9% of 1999 to 68.9% of 2003,and that to ciprofloxacin rised from 40.0% of 1999 to 73.5% of 2003.The resistance of Acinetobacter to piperacillin rised from 31.2% of 1999 to 67.5% of 2003,and that to ceftriaxone rised from 36.0% of 1999 to 74.1% of 2003.The resistance of Serratia to ceftazidime,ceftriaxone,gentamicin,amikacin and piperacillin rised sharply.Imipenem was the most active antibiotic tested against Gram-negative bacilli.Cefoperazone/sulbactam and piperacillin/tazobactam also showed excellent activity against Gram-negative bacilli.CONCLUSIONS During recent five years,the resistance of the most common Gram-negative bacilli has increased rapidly.How to delay the resistance development of common strains become a global problem.

Objective To investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)in cytokine IL-6, IL- 10 genes and HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). Methods A hospital-based case-control study was conducted in 381 cases with HBV-related HCC, 340 HBsAg carriers and 359 non-tumor controls. Genotypes of-572 site of IL-6 gene and-819, -592 sites of IL-10 gene were determined by real-time polymorphism chain reaction. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios(ORs)and 95 confidence intervals(C/s). Results For the G/C alleles of -572 loci on IL-6 gene, there were significant differences between the three groups(P＜0.05). Compared with CC genotype, GG genotype increased the risk of HBV infection (OR=2.171,95% Ch 1.068-4.415), but did not seem to be associated with HCC. For the alleles of-819 and -592 site of IL-10 gene, there were significant differences between the three groups(P＜0.05). Compared with CC genotype, TT genotype increased the risks of both HCC(OR=2.791,95%CI:1.326-5.874), and HCC in HBsAg carriers(0R=3.522,95%CI: 1.707-7.266). When compared with CC genotype on -592 site, the AA genotype reduced the risk of both HCC(OR=0.389, 95% CI:0.173-0.875), and HCC in HBsAg carriers(OR=0.336, 95% CI: 0.154-0.734). Conclusion The SNPs in -572 site of IL-6 gone might be associated with the risk of HBV infection. The SNPs in -819 site of IL-10 gene increased the risk of HCC, but -592 site of IL-10 gene decreased the risk of HCC.

Teaching method for basal experiment, comprehensive experiment, design experiment and teach- ing practice in food microiological analysis were elaborated completely, and design experimental teaching was discussed stress. At the same time, Through introducing various experience of the design experiment teaching, resolvent and way of thinking against problem meeted in design experiment teaching were put forward.

Arsenic ; urine ; Arsenicals ; analysis ; Environmental Monitoring ; methods ; Humans ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence ; methods

BackgroundDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is the result of the cytokine network disorders,the imbalance of angiogenic factor and vascular inhibitory factor is the start factor.ObjectiveTo analyze the levels of CXC chemotatic factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients,evaluate the clinical application value of them in different clinical types of DR using receiver operating characteristic (ROC)analysis and to approach the new way of individualized treatment.Methods This was a prospective research.The gold standard was ophthalmolscope and fundus fluorescein angiography.The levels of CXC chemotatic factors and multiplicaiton factors were measured in 96 cases with type 2 diabetes mellitus (66 cases with retinopathy and 30 cases without retinopathy as control).The assessment tasks were performed for these index and courses of DR with ROC curve.Results The expression of age,course of disease has significant difference in different courses of DR ( F =8.507,P =0.001 ; F =28.143,P =0.000).Compared with the control group,the expression of growth-related oncogene-α ( GROα ) ( t =- 2.172,P =0.035,AUC =0.625 ),whole blood viscosity 200 ( t =- 3.724,P =0.001,AUC =0.904 ) and neutrophilic leukocyte (t=-2.562,P =0.013,AUC =0.577 ) has significant difference in the group of mild NPDR.Compared with the control group,the expression of interferon-γ-inducible protein 10 ( IP-10 ) ( t =-3.591,P =0.001,AUC =0.592 ),platelet derivation growth factor-BB ( PDGF-BB ) ( t =- 3.233,P =0.003,AUC =0.735 ),vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) ( t =- 3.617,P =0.001,AUC =0.776 ),C peptide ( t =- 3.366,P =0.002,AUC =0.962 ),leukocyte ( t=-3.201,P =0.003,AUC =0.852) and neutrophilic leukocyte(t =-4.201,P=0.000,AUC =0.852) has significant difference in the group of moderate and severe NPDR.ConclusionsCXC chemotatic factors may act as reactivator in the pathogenesis of DR,GROα and IP-10 may be useful for clinical monitoring of the severity of DR,and evaluating the imbalance state of chemotatic factors maybe a new approach to clinical monitoring and prognosis of DR.

AIMTo investigate the effect of diethylstilbestrol (DES), one of the most potent endocrine disruptors, on the metabolism of polyamines in hamster epididymis.

METHODSMale golden hamsters of 7-week-old were kept under a light and dark cycle of 14 h and 10 h for 1 week to stimulate maximally the gonadal function. DES was injected subcutaneously at doses of 0.01 mg . kg(-1) . day(-1), 0.1 mg . kg(-1) . day(-1) and 1 mg . kg(-1) . day(-1) for one week.

RESULTSDES treatment caused a significant decrease in the weight of epididymis. The activity of epididymal ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) increased 1 day after DES treatment, kept at a high level for 4 days and then decreased to nearly normal level at day 7. The activity of spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT) also increased transiently after DES treatment. The contents of putrescine, spermidine, spermine and N(1)-acetylspermidine were increased 1 day approximately 4 days after DES treatment and restored to normal at day 7. All these changes showed a marked difference between the caput and the cauda.

CONCLUSIONThe polyamine biosynthesis in the hamster epididymis can be affected by DES, a xenoestrogen. DES may probably affect polyamine metabolism in the epididymis by regulating the rate-limiting enzymes involved in the polyamine biosynthesis.

Acetyltransferases ; metabolism ; Animals ; Cricetinae ; Diethylstilbestrol ; pharmacology ; Epididymis ; anatomy & histology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Mesocricetus ; Organ Size ; drug effects ; Ornithine Decarboxylase ; metabolism ; Polyamines ; metabolism ; Putrescine ; metabolism ; Spermidine ; analogs & derivatives ; metabolism ; Spermine ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the genetic diversity of medicinal Dendrobium by SRAP.

METHODThe genetic diversity of 9 spices Dendrobium was studied by using the optimized SRAP reaction system. The NTSYS software was used to analyze the markers.

RESULTForty primer pairs were selected from 88 amplified 1 782 polymorphic bands with an average of 44.55 polymorphic bands per primer pair. Cluster analysis using UPGMA method based on the data of SRAP amplified bands by 40 primer pairs showed that 9 spices of could be distinguished into two main groups. Jaccard's similarity coefficient ranged from 0.330 2-0.789 2.

CONCLUSIONThe results of this research indicate that SRAP molecular marker is efficient to study the medical Dendrobium genetic diversity.

Dendrobium ; classification ; genetics ; Genetic Variation ; genetics ; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques ; methods ; Phylogeny ; Plants, Medicinal ; classification ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

OBJECTIVETo investigate the association of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

METHODSTwo hundred and nine patients with T2DM diagnosed based on the criteria for diabetes mellitus in 1999 by WHO and 221 controls were recruited from general population of Dongcheng District in Beijing. All subjects were genotyped for the I/D polymorphism of ACE gene by PCR-fragment length polymorphism (FLP) assay. Blood pressure, levels of plasma glucose, lipids and serum insulin were determined. Body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR) and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were calculated.

RESULTSThe genotype frequencies for ACE genes DD, ID, and II were 19.1%, 42.1%, and 38.8% in patients, respectively, and 9.6%, 49.4%, and 41.0% in controls, respectively. The ACE DD genotype frequency was significantly higher in patients than in controls (chi2 = 7.61, P = 0.022). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the ACE DD genotype was a risk factor for T2DM, with the OR of 2.35 (95% CI 1.17-4.71) adjusted for age, sex, BMI, WHR, blood pressure, and serum cholesterol levels.

CONCLUSIONThe ACE DD genotype is associated with the increased susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Adult ; Blood Glucose ; analysis ; Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; genetics ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genetic Testing ; Genotype ; Humans ; Insulin ; blood ; Insulin Resistance ; Lipids ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo find a better method for treatment of acute lumbar disc herniation.

METHODSOne hundred cases were randomly divided into 2 groups. The observation group of 52 cases was treated with electroacupuncture at Yaoyangguan (GV 3), Dachangshu (BL 25), Guanyuanshu (BL 26), Xiaochangshu (BI. 27) as main points, and blood-letting puncture at stagnant collaterals nearby Weizhong (BL 40); the control group of 48 cases was treated with traction combined with electroacupuncture at main points Jiaji (EX-B 2), Shenshu (BL 23), Dachangshu (BL 25). Their therapeutic effects were observed and compared.

RESULTSThe cured rate and the cured markedly effective rate were 55.8% and 82.7% in the observation group and 33.3% and 54.2% in the control group, respectively, with significant differences between the two groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONElectroacupuncture combined with blood letting puncture at stagnant collaterals nearby Weizhong (BL 40) has a signifi cant therapeutic effect on acute lumbar disc herniation.

Acupuncture Points ; Adult ; Aged ; Bloodletting ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Electroacupuncture ; Female ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; therapy ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; injuries ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult