Pooled literatures showed that the induced abortion in China faces many problems:the number of induced abortion remains large; most cases are young and nulliparity women; the frequency of abortion is high; and the interval between one and another abortion is short. Health promotion strategies should be applied to address these problems. It is important to increase the population's awareness of contraception,especially among nulliparity and migrant populations. Routine and effective contraceptive methods should be recommended and emphasized during induced abortion and delivery to lower the rate of induced abortion.
Abortion, Induced ; statistics & numerical data ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy

OBJECTIVE To study the drug-resistant diversity of Gram-negative bacilli isolated from inpatients during recent five years.METHODS A total of 1 464 Gram-negative bacilli isolated were detected and retrospectively analyzed from 1999 to 2003.Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using Kirby-Bauer method.RESULTS The resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to piperacillin rised from 17.6% of 1999 to 79.2% of 2003,and that to ciprofloxacin rised from 4.3% of 1999 to 36.0% of 2003.The resistance of Escherichia coli to quinolones was above 50%,while to third-generation cephalosporins was 30-40%;the resistance of E.coli to piperacillin rised from 42.9% of 1999 to 68.9% of 2003,and that to ciprofloxacin rised from 40.0% of 1999 to 73.5% of 2003.The resistance of Acinetobacter to piperacillin rised from 31.2% of 1999 to 67.5% of 2003,and that to ceftriaxone rised from 36.0% of 1999 to 74.1% of 2003.The resistance of Serratia to ceftazidime,ceftriaxone,gentamicin,amikacin and piperacillin rised sharply.Imipenem was the most active antibiotic tested against Gram-negative bacilli.Cefoperazone/sulbactam and piperacillin/tazobactam also showed excellent activity against Gram-negative bacilli.CONCLUSIONS During recent five years,the resistance of the most common Gram-negative bacilli has increased rapidly.How to delay the resistance development of common strains become a global problem.

Objective To investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)in cytokine IL-6, IL- 10 genes and HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). Methods A hospital-based case-control study was conducted in 381 cases with HBV-related HCC, 340 HBsAg carriers and 359 non-tumor controls. Genotypes of-572 site of IL-6 gene and-819, -592 sites of IL-10 gene were determined by real-time polymorphism chain reaction. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios(ORs)and 95 confidence intervals(C/s). Results For the G/C alleles of -572 loci on IL-6 gene, there were significant differences between the three groups(P＜0.05). Compared with CC genotype, GG genotype increased the risk of HBV infection (OR=2.171,95% Ch 1.068-4.415), but did not seem to be associated with HCC. For the alleles of-819 and -592 site of IL-10 gene, there were significant differences between the three groups(P＜0.05). Compared with CC genotype, TT genotype increased the risks of both HCC(OR=2.791,95%CI:1.326-5.874), and HCC in HBsAg carriers(0R=3.522,95%CI: 1.707-7.266). When compared with CC genotype on -592 site, the AA genotype reduced the risk of both HCC(OR=0.389, 95% CI:0.173-0.875), and HCC in HBsAg carriers(OR=0.336, 95% CI: 0.154-0.734). Conclusion The SNPs in -572 site of IL-6 gone might be associated with the risk of HBV infection. The SNPs in -819 site of IL-10 gene increased the risk of HCC, but -592 site of IL-10 gene decreased the risk of HCC.

Arsenic ; urine ; Arsenicals ; analysis ; Environmental Monitoring ; methods ; Humans ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence ; methods

Teaching method for basal experiment, comprehensive experiment, design experiment and teach- ing practice in food microiological analysis were elaborated completely, and design experimental teaching was discussed stress. At the same time, Through introducing various experience of the design experiment teaching, resolvent and way of thinking against problem meeted in design experiment teaching were put forward.

BackgroundDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is the result of the cytokine network disorders,the imbalance of angiogenic factor and vascular inhibitory factor is the start factor.ObjectiveTo analyze the levels of CXC chemotatic factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients,evaluate the clinical application value of them in different clinical types of DR using receiver operating characteristic (ROC)analysis and to approach the new way of individualized treatment.Methods This was a prospective research.The gold standard was ophthalmolscope and fundus fluorescein angiography.The levels of CXC chemotatic factors and multiplicaiton factors were measured in 96 cases with type 2 diabetes mellitus (66 cases with retinopathy and 30 cases without retinopathy as control).The assessment tasks were performed for these index and courses of DR with ROC curve.Results The expression of age,course of disease has significant difference in different courses of DR ( F =8.507,P =0.001 ; F =28.143,P =0.000).Compared with the control group,the expression of growth-related oncogene-α ( GROα ) ( t =- 2.172,P =0.035,AUC =0.625 ),whole blood viscosity 200 ( t =- 3.724,P =0.001,AUC =0.904 ) and neutrophilic leukocyte (t=-2.562,P =0.013,AUC =0.577 ) has significant difference in the group of mild NPDR.Compared with the control group,the expression of interferon-γ-inducible protein 10 ( IP-10 ) ( t =-3.591,P =0.001,AUC =0.592 ),platelet derivation growth factor-BB ( PDGF-BB ) ( t =- 3.233,P =0.003,AUC =0.735 ),vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) ( t =- 3.617,P =0.001,AUC =0.776 ),C peptide ( t =- 3.366,P =0.002,AUC =0.962 ),leukocyte ( t=-3.201,P =0.003,AUC =0.852) and neutrophilic leukocyte(t =-4.201,P=0.000,AUC =0.852) has significant difference in the group of moderate and severe NPDR.ConclusionsCXC chemotatic factors may act as reactivator in the pathogenesis of DR,GROα and IP-10 may be useful for clinical monitoring of the severity of DR,and evaluating the imbalance state of chemotatic factors maybe a new approach to clinical monitoring and prognosis of DR.

AIMTo investigate the effect of diethylstilbestrol (DES), one of the most potent endocrine disruptors, on the metabolism of polyamines in hamster epididymis.

METHODSMale golden hamsters of 7-week-old were kept under a light and dark cycle of 14 h and 10 h for 1 week to stimulate maximally the gonadal function. DES was injected subcutaneously at doses of 0.01 mg . kg(-1) . day(-1), 0.1 mg . kg(-1) . day(-1) and 1 mg . kg(-1) . day(-1) for one week.

RESULTSDES treatment caused a significant decrease in the weight of epididymis. The activity of epididymal ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) increased 1 day after DES treatment, kept at a high level for 4 days and then decreased to nearly normal level at day 7. The activity of spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT) also increased transiently after DES treatment. The contents of putrescine, spermidine, spermine and N(1)-acetylspermidine were increased 1 day approximately 4 days after DES treatment and restored to normal at day 7. All these changes showed a marked difference between the caput and the cauda.

CONCLUSIONThe polyamine biosynthesis in the hamster epididymis can be affected by DES, a xenoestrogen. DES may probably affect polyamine metabolism in the epididymis by regulating the rate-limiting enzymes involved in the polyamine biosynthesis.

Acetyltransferases ; metabolism ; Animals ; Cricetinae ; Diethylstilbestrol ; pharmacology ; Epididymis ; anatomy & histology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Mesocricetus ; Organ Size ; drug effects ; Ornithine Decarboxylase ; metabolism ; Polyamines ; metabolism ; Putrescine ; metabolism ; Spermidine ; analogs & derivatives ; metabolism ; Spermine ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the genetic diversity of medicinal Dendrobium by SRAP.

METHODThe genetic diversity of 9 spices Dendrobium was studied by using the optimized SRAP reaction system. The NTSYS software was used to analyze the markers.

RESULTForty primer pairs were selected from 88 amplified 1 782 polymorphic bands with an average of 44.55 polymorphic bands per primer pair. Cluster analysis using UPGMA method based on the data of SRAP amplified bands by 40 primer pairs showed that 9 spices of could be distinguished into two main groups. Jaccard's similarity coefficient ranged from 0.330 2-0.789 2.

CONCLUSIONThe results of this research indicate that SRAP molecular marker is efficient to study the medical Dendrobium genetic diversity.

Dendrobium ; classification ; genetics ; Genetic Variation ; genetics ; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques ; methods ; Phylogeny ; Plants, Medicinal ; classification ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expressions of bFGF and PTEN in cervical carcinoma and their clinical significance.

METHODSTissue microarray technique and immunohistochemistry SP method were used to detect the expressions of bFGF and PTEN in 143 cases of invasive carcinoma of cervix (ICC) and 20 cases of normal cervical epithelium remote from tumor (NCE). The relationship between the expressions of bFGF and PTEN in ICC and some factors relating to clinical pathology of cervical carcinoma such as histopathological grading, lymph node metastasis, stroma involvement and FIGO staging were analyzed.

RESULTSThe rate of the positive expression of bFGF in ICC was significantly higher than that in NCE 88.8% (127/143) vs. 25.0% (5/20, P = 0.000). The rate of positive expression of PTEN in ICC was significantly lower than that in NCE 67.1% (96/143) vs. 100.0% (20/20, P = 0.000). The expression of bFGF was positively correlated with lymph node metastasis and histopathological grading (r = 0.239, P = 0.004 and r = 0.369, P = 0.000, respectively). The expression of PTEN was negatively correlated with FIGO staging, histopathological grading and lymph node metastasis (r = -0.189, P = 0.024; r = -0.211, P = 0.011; r = -0.321, P = 0.000, respectively). The expression of bFGF was negatively correlated with the expression of PTEN in ICC (r = -0.261, P = 0.002).

CONCLUSIONThe overexpression of bFGF and underexpression of PTEN are closely related to the invasion and growth of cervical carcinoma. Detection of the expression of both bFGF and PTEN may be of value in further understanding the biological behavior and predicting the prognosis of cervical carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cervix Uteri ; cytology ; metabolism ; Epithelium ; metabolism ; Female ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 ; metabolism ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Staging ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase ; metabolism ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to investigate whether the induction of caspase-8 by γ-interferon (IFNγ) renders neuroblastoma (NB) cells sensitive to tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand(TRAIL).

METHODSCaspase-8 mRNA expression was determined by RT-PCR. The effects of IFNγ, TRAIL, IFNγ +TRAIL and caspase-8 inhibitor+ TRAIL on the growth and apoptosis of NB cells were detected with the methods of reduction rate of Alamar Blue assay and flow cytometry. The relative caspase-8 activity was measured with colorimetric assay.

RESULTSCaspase-8 expression was detectable in CHP212 cells which were sensitive to TRAIL, with an increased expression after treatment with IFNγ. Caspase-8 was undetectable in SH-SY5Y(SY5Y) cells which were resistant to TRAIL, but an increased expression of caspase-8 mRNA was found after treatment with IFNγ. Moreover, TRAIL combined with IFNγ induced apoptosis in SY5Y cells. The relative caspase-8 activity of CHP212 cells increased with the prolonged TRAIL action time. The relative caspase-8 activity of SY5Y cells in the IFNγ+TRAIL group was significantly higher than those of the control, IFNγ, TRAIL and inhibitor groups.

CONCLUSIONSNB cells expressing caspase-8 are sensitive to TRAIL. TRAIL induces apoptosis in NB cells with an increase of relative caspase-8 activity.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Caspase 8 ; physiology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma ; pharmacology ; Neuroblastoma ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand ; pharmacology