OBJECTIVE To study the drug-resistant diversity of Gram-negative bacilli isolated from inpatients during recent five years.METHODS A total of 1 464 Gram-negative bacilli isolated were detected and retrospectively analyzed from 1999 to 2003.Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using Kirby-Bauer method.RESULTS The resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to piperacillin rised from 17.6% of 1999 to 79.2% of 2003,and that to ciprofloxacin rised from 4.3% of 1999 to 36.0% of 2003.The resistance of Escherichia coli to quinolones was above 50%,while to third-generation cephalosporins was 30-40%;the resistance of E.coli to piperacillin rised from 42.9% of 1999 to 68.9% of 2003,and that to ciprofloxacin rised from 40.0% of 1999 to 73.5% of 2003.The resistance of Acinetobacter to piperacillin rised from 31.2% of 1999 to 67.5% of 2003,and that to ceftriaxone rised from 36.0% of 1999 to 74.1% of 2003.The resistance of Serratia to ceftazidime,ceftriaxone,gentamicin,amikacin and piperacillin rised sharply.Imipenem was the most active antibiotic tested against Gram-negative bacilli.Cefoperazone/sulbactam and piperacillin/tazobactam also showed excellent activity against Gram-negative bacilli.CONCLUSIONS During recent five years,the resistance of the most common Gram-negative bacilli has increased rapidly.How to delay the resistance development of common strains become a global problem.

Aged ; Antigens, CD34 ; analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; analysis ; Solitary Fibrous Tumors ; metabolism ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo improve the X-ray diagnosis of cervical spondylosis of vertebral artery type (VCS).

METHODSA blinded design research. The X-ray signs both 60 patients with VCS and 60 patients with cervical spondylotic radiculopathy were collected from January 2011 to November 2012. There were 36 males and 84 females, aged from 25 to 65 years old with an average of (48.4 ± 12.3) years old. Cervical curvature, atlanto-occipital joint angle, atlanto-axial joint angle, C2/C3 joint angle and lower cervical instability condition and segmental distribution were measured and recorded by X-rays. These data were analyzed and compared between the two groups after unblended. Combined with clinical manifestations,the X-ray imaging features of VCS were further analyzed.

RESULTSThere was significant difference in cervical curvature between two groups in anteflexion X-ray films (P < 0.05). There was significant difference in extension degree of atlanto-occipital joint angle between two groups (P < 0.01). There was significant difference in atlanto-axial joint angle between two groups in lateral X-ray films (P< 0.05). There was significant.difference in anteflexion degree of atlanto-axial joint angle between two groups (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in C2/C3 joint angle between two groups. There was no significant difference in the lower cervical instability condition and segmental distribution between two groups. In VCS group, the mild and moderate dizziness was main symptom, flexion and extension activities of neck was most common cause in the dizziness; and always accompanied with headache; tenderness mostly concentrated in the upper cervical area.

CONCLUSIONBoth X-ray signs and clinical manifestations can prompt the abnormalities of the upper cervical structure or function in patients with VCS. Anteflexion activities of neck observed by functional position of X-ray films should be emphasized in diagnosis of VCS.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radiculopathy ; diagnostic imaging ; Radiography ; Spondylosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Vertebral Artery ; X-Rays

To clarify the prognostic contribution of peripheral blood cell and bone marrow megakaryocyte counts in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, a series of data of 299 ITP patients including the counts of peripheral white blood cells and platelets, their increase potentials after treatment and the megakaryocytic counts on the bone marrow smears at diagnosis as well were collected and retrospectively analyzed to correlate with the disease development. The results showed that peripheral white blood cell and platelet counts at diagnosis were not associated with the prognosis, but positively associated with the increment of platelet counts after treatment. The cure rate reached up to 94.9% in the group with the platelet level restored to 100 x 10(9)/L in two weeks of therapy. The numerous megakaryocyte counts in bone marrow at diagnosis indicated good prognosis that the cure rate was up to 86.1% when the counts were more than 100 per 1.5 x 3 cm of smear. In conclusion, bone marrow examination on the quantity and quality of megakaryocyte would be critical for diagnosis and evaluation of the prognosis. Consecutive platelet counts during therapy is useful to estimate the disease development.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Leukocyte Count ; Male ; Megakaryocytes ; cytology ; Middle Aged ; Platelet Count ; Prognosis ; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic ; blood ; therapy

After allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), the donor cells present a profound immunization therapy efficiency. Among these effector cells, allo-reactivity natural killer (NK) cell activation are concerned with the graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect. As known, GVHD is primarily a T-cell-mediated event but not initiated by NK cells. NK cells may significantly enhance GVL immune response by using an integration of activating and inhibitory receptors. Allo-reactivity NK cell infusion after allo-HSCT already transits from experiments to clinic. In this review the background on NK cells, and their clinical roles in Allo-HSCT were summarized.
Graft vs Host Disease ; immunology ; Graft vs Leukemia Effect ; immunology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Killer Cells, Natural ; immunology ; Transplantation Immunology

Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. ex DC is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Among its various active components, glycyrrhizic acid is believed to be the marker component. Squalene synthase (SQS) and beta-amyrin synthase (beta-AS) are key enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway of glycyrrhizic acid in G uralensis. To reveal the effects of co-expression of SQS1 and beta-AS genes on this pathway, 7 yeast expression vectors harboring different SQS1 variants and beta-AS were constructed and expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae as fusion proteins. TLC and GC-MS results showed that co-expression of SQS1 and beta-AS enhanced the accumulation of beta-amyrin. The effects of SQS12 were more obvious than the other two SQS1 variants. This study is significant for further investigations concerned with exploring the biosynthesis of glycyrrhizic acid in vitro and strengthening the efficacy of G. uralensis by means of increasing the content of glycyrrhizic acid.
Farnesyl-Diphosphate Farnesyltransferase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Glycyrrhiza uralensis ; genetics ; Intramolecular Transferases ; metabolism ; Oleanolic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; metabolism ; Plant Proteins ; genetics ; Recombinant Proteins ; metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; metabolism

The influence of inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) score on pregnancy outcomes in frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer cycles was analyzed. A retrospective analysis of 741 cycles of frozen-thawed blastosysts transfer was performed. All cycles were divided into four groups based on the number and morphological score of blastocysts: S-ICM B/TE B group (n=91), the single blastocyst transfer of ICM B and TE B; D-ICM B/TE B group (n=579), double blastocysts transfer of ICM B/TE B; D-ICM B/TE C group (n=35), double blastocysts transfer of ICM B/TE C; and D-ICM C/TE B group (n=36), double blastocysts transfer of TE B/ICM C. The pregnancy outcomes were compared among the four groups. As compared with D-ICM B/TE C group, the clinical pregnancy rate, implantation rate and multiple pregnancy rate were increased in D-ICM B/TE B group (74.96% vs. 57.14%, 57.43% vs. 37.14%, and 48.62% vs. 25%, respectively, P<0.05 for all). Clinical pregnancy rate and implantation rate in D-ICM B/TE B group were also higher than in D-ICM C/TE B group (74.96% vs. 50%, and 57.43% vs. 33.33%, both P<0.05). Multivariable Logistic regression analysis indicated that ICM score was a better predictive parameter for clinical pregnancy (OR=3.05, CI 1.70-5.46, P<0.001), while the trophectoderm score was a better one for early abortion (OR=0.074, CI 0.03-0.19, P<0.001). Clinical pregnancy rate and multiple pregnancy rate in S-ICM B/TE B group were significantly lower than those in D-ICM B/TE B group (46.15% vs. 74.96%, and 2.38% vs. 48.62%, both P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the implantation rate between the two groups. It was suggested that the higher score of ICM and TE may be indicative of the better pregnancy outcomes. The ICM score is a better predictor of clinical pregnancy than TE, while TE score is a better one in predicting early abortion. Single ICM B/TE B blastocyst transfer in frozen-thawed cycles can also get satisfactory pregnancy outcomes.

To establish a detection method of oncolytic adenovirus/p53 and standard of quality control, human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) promoter, CMV fusion promoter containing hypoxia reaction element (HRE) and p53 gene were identified by vector DNA restriction enzyme digestion and PCR analysis. The result conformed that all modified regions were in consistent with theoretical ones. Particle number was 2.0 x 10(11) mL(-1) determined by UV (A260). Infectious titer was 5.0 x 10(10) IU mL(-1) analyzed by TCID50. In vitro p53 gene expression in human lung cancer cell H1299 was determined by ELISA, and A450 ratio of nucleoprotein in virus infection group to control group was 5.2. Antitumor potency was evaluated by cytotoxicity assay using human lung cancer cell A549, and the MOI(IC50) of this gene therapy preparation was 1.0. The tumor cells targeted replication ability of recombinant virus was determined by TCID50 titer ratio of filial generation virus between human lung cancer cell A549 and human diploid epidermal fibrolast BJ cells after infected by virus with same MOI. TCID50 titer ratio of tumor cell infection group to normal cell infection control group was 398. The IE-HPLC purity of virus was 99.5%. There was less than 1 copy of wild type adenovirus within 1 x 10(7) VP recombinant virus. Other quality control items were complied with corresponding requirements in the guidance for human somatic cell therapy and gene therapy and Chinese pharmacopeia volume III. The detection method of oncolytic adenovirus/p53 was successfully established for quality control standard. The study also provided reference for quality control of other oncolytic viral vector products.
Adenoviridae ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genes, p53 ; Genetic Therapy ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology ; Oncolytic Viruses ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiology ; Quality Control ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transfection ; Virus Replication

Açaí (Euterpe oleracea) emerged as a source of herb has a long history in South America, which was approved by the Ministry of Health used in China and it has been introduced planting in Guangdong and Taiwan. This article summarized applied history of Açaí and its present status in China. Did theoretical study on the Chinese herbal properties of Açaí based on the Chinese traditional philosophical culture to analysis the function and symptom preliminary, combining with used for medical recordation, chemical component, biological activity. It is aiming at establishing the theoretical foundation for the application under the guidance of TCM theory.
Euterpe ; chemistry ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Models, Theoretical ; Phytotherapy ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; South America

OBJECTIVETo study the distribution pattern, the protein expressions, and changes of functional activities of estrogen receptor (ER) alpha and beta in the hippocampus of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) rats of Gan-qi depression syndrome (GDS), and to find out corresponding effect targets of Jingqianshu Granule (JG), thus providing clues for exploring the pathogenesis of PMS of GDS and the mechanisms of JG.

METHODSSD rats were randomly divided into three groups, i. e., the normal group, the model group, and the medication group, 7 in each. Resident intruder stress was used to establish the model in the model group and the medication group. JG was given to rats in the medication group at the dose of 10 mL/kg by gastrogavage while modeling. Equal volume of sterilized water was given to rats in the model group and the normal group, once daily, for 5 successive days. Then the location, protein levels, and ligand-binding capacities of ERalpha and ERbeta in the hippocampus of rats in three groups were detected using immunohistochemical assay, Western blot, and dextran-active carbon binding assay.

RESULTSThere was no difference in the distribution pattern of ERalpha and ERbeta in the hippocampus of the three groups. In aspects of protein levels and estrogen-binding capacities of ERalpha and ERbeta in the hippocampus, CA1 and CA3 regions, they increased more obviously in the model group than in the normal group (P < 0.05), while they decreased more significantly in the medication group than in the model group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONHigher estrogen levels and enhanced expressions and activities of ERalpha and ERbeta in the hippocampus might be important mechanisms for PMS of GDS, which might also be the effect targets for JG.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Estrogen Receptor alpha ; metabolism ; Estrogen Receptor beta ; metabolism ; Female ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Premenstrual Syndrome ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Qi ; Rats