BACKGROUND: Arterial blood gas analysis are highly susceptible to preanalytic error due to improper method of obtaining or handling the blood sample before analysis. The error in measurement of blood gas analysis are loss of CO2 by exposure to atmospheric air, effect of anticoagulant itself, temperature difference between the experimental subject and the measuring electrode and metabolic change which occur between blood sampling and measurement. METHOD: To study the effect of the delay in estimation of blood gas and drawn blood on values of blood gas partial pressure and pH. Blood sample were divided into 2 groups according to the method of storage, group I stored at 24~25degrees C(room temperature) under anaerobic condition. ;group II stored at 0~4degrees C(refrigerator) under anaerobic condition. The samples were analyzed by time interval through 180 minutes in each group. RESULTS: The result were as follows: 1) PaO2 decreased significantly after 10 mins in group I, whereas it decreased significantly after 20 mins in group II. 2) PaO2 increased significantly after 20 mins in group I, whereas it increased significantly after 120 mins in group II. 3) pH decreased significantly after 60 mins in group I, whereas it decreased significantly after 120 mins in group II. 4) No significant changes of bicarbonate and SaO2 were noted in each group CONCLUSION: From above results, it would be advisable to analyze the sample in a short period of time or to store in a refrigerator when the measuring will be delayed. So we highly recommend that blood gas analysis should be performed as soon as possible after sampling, especially within 10 minutes.
Blood Gas Analysis ; Electrodes ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Partial Pressure

No abstract available.
Humans ; Muscle Spasticity*

No abstract available.
Adenoma, Pleomorphic*

No abstract available.
Hemorrhoids*

Cutis naarmorata telangiectatica congenita(CMTC) was first lesribed by Van Lohuizen in 1992. Cases of CMTC were reported later under various names, includir gan Lohuizens syndrome, congenital generalized phlebectasia. congential phlebectasia and reticulatever scular nevus. It is charaterized by persistent livedo reticularis, telangiectasia and phlectnsia from birch hand atrophy and superficial ulceration of the overlying skin are uncornmonly encountered. They have a steady improvement with time, however various congenital abnormalties, such as varicosities, hen ariomas, hypoplasia or hypertrophy of soft tissue and bones, rarely generalized congenital fibrornatos ectal and genital anomaliies may be associated in approxirnately 50 percent of patients. In case 1, the patient was 45-day-old female infant with reticulated mottling and atrophy of the skin on the right leg. In case 2, the patient was 30-day-old male infant who depressed, bluish, and reticulated patches on the both upprarms, right side trunk, buttock and loen leg. Decreased circumferences of the affected extremities vas observed in case 2. No other assotated anomalies were found in physical and X-ray examinatiorwlin both cases. The skin biiopsy of bothed similar findings, which revealed mild dilatation and proliferation of capillaries, mild inflammatoryel infiltration and extravasated red blood cells in the dermis. The clinical follow-up, alneast all of th lisions disappeared spont.anously in 1 year at case 1, and some of lesions also disappeared in 3 month, 11 case 2. In addition, we reviewed and summerized the reported cases in Korea.
Atrophy ; Betula ; Buttocks ; Capillaries ; Dermis ; Dilatation ; Erythrocytes ; Extremities ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hand ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Infant ; Korea ; Leg ; Livedo Reticularis ; Male ; Nevus ; Skin ; Telangiectasis ; Ulcer

Eccrine carcinoma does not have a characteristic clinical appreranc, but does have a high incidence of metastatic spread. It may arise anywhere in the skin. The microscopic patterns that of an adenocarcinoma, which may be confused with metastatic adenocarcinoma. In the classical type the histologic features varies from fairy well-differentiated tubular structures in some areaslo anaplastic carcinoma in other areas. The patient was a 51-year-old man who showed a painful, tender, right red-calored, 4 x 5crn-sized tumor mass on the right angle of the lower lip for ten years. In the diological examinations multiple metastatic foci were seen on both lung fields, Histopathologic findings of the skin and lung biopsy specimens revealed that of the classic type of eccrine carcinoma like the bove descriptions. Immunocytochemical studies showed a positive reactivity to anti-cytokeratin anti-ibody, anti-CEA antibody, and anti-S-100 protein on the skin and lung biopsy specimens and no he reactivity to anti-S-100 protein on the lung mass. Electronrnicroscopic findings revealed eccrine glaidlar structures such as nunierous mitochondria and dense core granules in the cytoplasm of neoplastic cells. We report a case of eccririe carcinoma with lung metastases baed on the clinical, radiological and histologic findings.
Adenocarcinoma ; Biopsy ; Carcinoma ; Cytoplasm ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lip ; Lung* ; Middle Aged ; Mitochondria ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Skin

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by high serum glucose levels and by disturbances of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. There are many cutaneous signs of this common endocrinopathy, such as nercobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum, diabetic bullosis, shin spot, diabetic pruritus, etc. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we investigated whether extracellular matrix gene expression in cultured skin fibroblast is influenced by insulin and Insulin-like growth factor-I(IGF-I). METHOD: Total RNA was isolated from insulin or IGF-I treated human skin fibroblasts. The Northern blot and slot-blot hybridization were then conducted. RESULTS: The mRNA levels of pro α1(I) collagen, pro α1(I11) collagen, fibronectin in insulin and IGF-I treated normal skin fibroblasts increased compared with untreated normal skin fibroblasts. CONCLUSION: Our results show that insulin and IGF-I stimulate collagen formation in normal skin fibroblast at physiological concentrations. Therefore, these demonstrate that insulin can modulate the expression of extracellular matrix gene.
Blood Glucose ; Blotting, Northern ; Collagen ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Extracellular Matrix* ; Fibroblasts* ; Fibronectins ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Insulin* ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; Lipid Metabolism ; Methods ; Pruritus ; RNA ; RNA, Messenger ; Skin*

There are several ELISA(enzyme linked immunosobent assay) kits to be highly sensitive and specific in the screening test for antibodies to HIV. However, these have several problems such as high false-positive rate, low reproducibility and complex test procedures. A new serological test, the gelatin particle agglutination test(PAT), was developed and reported as good test having the same sensitivity with ELISA, and simple and easy procedure. The purpose of this study is com parison of two screening tests, ELISA and PAT, for detection of antibodies to HIV In one hundred two prostitutes, who used to contact with foreigners such as U.S. army personels, 10 syphilitic patients in Chonnam University hospital and 3 HIV infected patients, the serological results were equal in both tests, so there. was 100% concordance rate of seroreactivity between ELISA and PAT. Among 13 serum samples with false positive in ELISA test, only one sample revealed also reactive in PAT, which suggest indirectly us for PAT to be more specific than ELISA. The quantitative test with PAT of 4 consecutive serums during 4 months in the AIDS patient with Kaposi's sarcoma. However, in overall serum titer, the AIDS patient was higher than asymptomatic infected person. Thus the PAT test should be also useful for the mass screcning and quantitative test of anti-HIV antibody, and is highly recommedable for detection of HIV infection because the test can be performed with simple procedure and techique in addition ecoomically low cost and shortened time for the test.
Agglutination ; Antibodies ; Emigrants and Immigrants ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay* ; Gelatin ; HIV ; HIV Infections ; Humans ; Jeollanam-do ; Mass Screening* ; Sarcoma, Kaposi ; Serologic Tests ; Sex Workers

The mechanism of cytolysis by complement attack of nucleated cells(NC) is of special interest in comparison to that of red blood cells. It is known that NC death by membrane attack comples, C5b-9, is caused by many factors, i.e., efficiency of complex assembly, activation of intrinsic metabolic pathway by signal transduction, cytotoxic effect of the channel itself and natural repair ability. These factors suggest that colloid osmotic lysis, known in red blood cells, does not fully explain the complement-mediated cell death of NC. In this study, the authors investigated correlation between biochemical and morphological changes to prove "Ca2+-mediated metabolic death"8~13) representing a mechanism of NC death caused by C5b-9 attack. The L1210 cells, mouse leukemic cell line carrying small complement channel(TAC5b-91) were used in the experiments. The amounts of intracellular adenine nucleotides to extracellular Ca2+, ouabain, KC1 and dextran were analyzed by bioluminescence method using luminometer. Cell viability was checked by 0.4% trypan blue dye and LDH release. Morphological observation of TAC5b-91 was done by immunocytochemical staining and electron microscope. The results were as follows: 1) The release of ATP, ADP and AMP followed by cell death was rapid and progressive along the incubation time at 37 degrees C and it was accelerated in 1.5 mM of [Ca2+]0. 2) There was no evidence of ATP repairment in the TAC5b-91. 3) Extracellular KC1(150 mM), dextran(0.66 mM) and ATP supplement(0.2 microM) could not effectively inhibit ATP depletion and cell death. Ouabain(27 and 100 microM) enhanced cell death and could not completely prevent ATP loss. 4) Most of the mitochondria showed swelling, loss of cristae and Ca2+ deposit in matrix in the electron microscopic observation. Rapid, sustained and irreversible depletion of adenine nucleotides was due to Ca2+ deposit with destruction of mitochondria and also the leakage through transmembrane channels. Moreover this energy depletion was accelerated by high extracellular Ca2+ concentration. These results indicate that Ca2+-mediated, energy exhaustion is one of the mechanisms of the metabolic cell death by C5b-9 attack of NC.
Mice ; Animals

Mycetoma is a clinical syndrome of localized, indolent, deforming, swollen lesions and sinuses, involving cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues, fascia, and bone. Its lesions. are composed of suppurat.ing abscesses, granulomata, and dra ning sinuses and the etiologic agents are wide variety of bacteria (actinomycotic mycetoma) and fungi(eumcotic mycetoma) from plant and soil. The patient was a 65-year-old female and a farnier. She was referred by the skin lesion loalized on the dorsum of her lefther left hand and wrist for three months. It showed multiple subcutaneclis nodules, abscesses, and discharging fitula based on the erythematous plaque. The skin biopsy frorn the lesion revealed the PAS positive hyphae in the granulocytic infiltration. Fungus cult,ure with a piece of tissue on sabouraud media shows hin, floccose, white colonies. Slide culture and biochemical idcrtification of pathogen led to the final diagnosis as Mycetoma caused by Pseudallescheria boydii(Monosporium apiospermum). The lesions disappeared gradualy following systemic oral administratior of Itraconazole 200mg daily for six weeks.
Abscess ; Aged ; Bacteria ; Biopsy ; Diagnosis ; Fascia ; Female ; Fungi ; Hand ; Humans ; Hyphae ; Itraconazole ; Mycetoma* ; Plants ; Pseudallescheria* ; Skin ; Soil ; Subcutaneous Tissue ; Wrist