AIM: To evaluate the effects of glycemic control on refraction in diabetic patients. METHODS: Twenty newly diagnosed diabetic patients were included in this study. The random blood glucose, HbA1c levels, fasting C-peptide and postprandial 2h C-peptide were measured before treatment. The patients with random blood glucose higher than 12.0mmol/L and HbA1c level higher than 10.0% were selected. Refraction, intraocular pressure, radius of the anterior corneal curvature, depth of the anterior chamber, lens thickness, vitreous length, and axial length were measured on admission and at the end of week 1, 2, 3 and 4 during glycemic control.RESULTS: A transient hyperopic change occurred in all the patients receiving glycemic control. The maximum hyperopic change was 1.60D (range 0.50±3.20D). Recovery of the previous refraction occurred between two and four weeks after insulin treatment. There was a positive correlation between the maximum hyperopic changes and the HbA1c levels on admission (r=0.84, P<0.05). There was a positive correlation between the maximum hyperopic changes and the daily rate of blood glucose reduction over the first 7 days of the treatment (r=0.53, P<0.05). During transient hyperopia, no significant changes were observed in the intraocular pressure, radius of the anterior corneal curvature, depth of the anterior chamber, lens thickness, vitreous length and axial length.CONCLUSION: Transient hyperopic changes occur after glycemic control in diabetic patients with severe hyperglycemia. The degrees of transient hyperopia are highly dependent on HbA1c levels before treatment and the rate of reduction of the blood glucose level.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a HPLC method for determining the contents of rhein and emodin in Jianfei Jiangzhi tablets.METHODS:Stationary phase was Waters Symmetry C 18 (250mm?4.6mm;5?m),mobile phase was menthol-0.01%H 3 PO 4 (90∶10),detection wavelength440nm,flow rate1.0ml/min and column temperature30℃.RESULTS:There was good linearity in range of0.108?g～0.468?g for rhein and in range of0.180?g～0.480?g for emodin.The average recoveries of rhein and emodin were99.7%and98.6%respectively;RSD were1.93%and2.19%respectively.CONCLUSION:This method is rapid and accurate.It can be applied to effective control of the quality of Jianfei Jiangzhi tablet.

italic>γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a crucial inhibitory neurotransmitter found in various cells in the human body. While the GABAergic system is typically associated with the nervous system, recent research has revealed that immune cells and tumor cells also express components of this system. In the tumor microenvironment (TME), GABA is secreted to act extracellularly on other cells. GABA is metabolized via the GABA shunt and is involved in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle by generating succinate, which can provide energy for tumor cells. Activation of GABA receptors (GABARs) is a major pathway through which GABA participates in the regulation of antitumor immune responses. The activation of GABA type A receptors (GABA_ARs) can inhibit the activation and proliferation of T cells, elicit anti-inflammatory macrophages, and promote tumor cell growth and migration, while activation of GABA type B receptors (GABA_BRs) is generally considered to inhibit cancer cell migration and induce cancer cell apoptosis. In general, receptor activation inhibits immune cells, but the effect on tumor cells varies. Additionally, the downregulation of the expression levels of GABA transporters (GATs) is involved in tumor progression. Although antagonists of GABA metabolism and drugs that act on GABA receptors are considered therapeutic drugs for tumors, there have been few clinical studies conducted on them.

BACKGROUND:Smooth muscle cells and transitional epithelial cells were traditionally used to construct tissue-engineered bladder and to perform double-sided implantation of scaffold.However,double-sided implantation is difficult to perform,because smooth muscle cells are difficult to isolate or culture in vitro and passage is limited.OBJECTIVE:To verify the feasibility of tissue-engineered bladder reconstruction with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)and bladder acellular matrix(BAM).DESIGN:A basic empirical study.SETTING:Linbaixin Medical Research Center,Second Affiliated Hospital,Sun Yat-sen University.MATERIALS:Experiments were performed at the Linbaixin Medical Research Center,Second Affiliated Hospital,Sun Yat-sen University from March 2006 to Mav 2007.The laboratory was the Opening Laboratory of Hospital Affiliated to Health Department of China.One-month old SD rats of either sex,weighting 80-100 g were provided by Animal Experimental Center of Sun Yat-sen University.Fresh porcine bladders were offered by Animal Experimental Center of Southern Medical University.METHODS:Whole bone marrow culture and successive adherence method was used to culture rat BMSCs in vitro.Flow cytometry was employed to detect surface antigen.Eradicator washing method was applied to prepare porcine BAM and measure its purity and characteristies.Third passage of BMSCs were inoculated in BAM and cultured in a medium containing vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF165)(25 ng/L)in vive and in vitro to test compatibility.Cells cultured alone were considered to be controls for the in vivo trial,and materials non-implanted with cells were considered to be controls for in vitro trial.Suitable microenvironment was simulated to induce the differentiation of BMSCs.Four weeks and eight weeks later,compound materials were respectively removed to perform tissue section test.Simultaneously,immunohistochemistry keratin staining was conducted to examine regeneration of epithelial cells.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE:Biocompatibility of BMSCs and BAM.RESULTS:①BMSCs were cultured by whole bone marrow method.Flow cytometry demonstrated that third passage of cells were positive for CD29(99.43%).②BAM had good biological characteristics.Homogen matrix and byssoid collagen appeared under a microscope.Compatibility trials showed good compatibility of BMSCs and BAM and well-growth cells.③Four weeks later,histological section test confirmed inflammatory cell infiltration,closely-arranged collagen and elastic fiber.Immunohistochemistry keratin staining showed lamellar and discontinuous simple epithelium.Eight weeks later,no inflammatory cell infiltration was found,and closely-arranged collagen and elastic fiber were detected.Immunohistochemistry keratin staining showed lamellar and continuous multiple epitheliums.CONCLUSIoN:With good compatibility,BMSCs and BAM appear to be an ideal material for bladder tissue engineering.

AIM: To investigate serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level in patients with bladder transitional cell carcinoma(BTCC) and its clinical significance. METHODS: ELISA method was used to examine the serum VEGF level in 42 cases of bladder transitional cell carcinoma and in 10 cases of normal people as control. The change of VEGF in blood of the pre-operation and post-operation patients with BTCC was also compared. RESULTS: The VEGF level in blood of the patients was higher than that of the normal people, in spite of pre-operation, post-chemotherapy, and post-operation, but VEGF level decreased obviously after chemotherapy or operation. In addition, the plasma VEGF level was related to the grade and invasion of tumor. CONCLUSION: Detecting serum VEGF level can help us to assess the change of tumor and therapeutic effect.

OBJECTIVETo observe the efficacy and safety of Qizhi Jiangtang Capsule (QJC) in treating stage 3b diabetic kidney disease (DKD) patients with macroalbuminuria.

METHODSPatients who conformed to the diagnostic criteria of stage 3b DKD were randomly assigned to two groups according to random digital table, the experiment group and the control group, 84 in each group. All patients received a two-week elution period, and then were treated with basic Western therapy. Patients in the experiment group took QJC, 5 pills per time, 3 times a day, while those in the control group took Valsartan Capsule 160 mg each time, once daily. The observation period of follow-ups was limited within 6 months, and the time points were set as the baseline, 1st month, 3rd month, and 6th month. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBS), 24 h urine protein quantitative (24 h UPQ), plasma albumin (ALB), and serum creatinine (SCr) were detected and recorded, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated. The occurrence of hypoglycemic reaction, coagulation disorder, gastrointestinal tract reaction, allergy, hyperkalemia, doubling of creatinine, and overall adverse events were observed and recorded at same time.

RESULTSFinally 81 patients in the experiment group and 80 patients in the control group were effectively included. Compared with the baseline level, SBP and DBS obviously decreased in the control group at month 1 of treatment (P < 0.05), and more significantly decreased at month 6 of treatment (P < 0.01). SBP at month 1, 3, and 6 of follow-ups; DBS at month 6 of follow-ups was lower in the control group than in the experiment group (P < 0.05). At month 1, 3, and 6 of follow-ups, 24 h UPQ of the experiment group was significantly lower than the baseline level (P < 0.01). It was also significantly lower than the level of the control group at the same time point (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in 24 h UPQ at month 1, 3, and 6 of follow-ups between the control group and the baseline level (P > 0.05). ALB of the experiment group showed an increasing trend. It was significantly higher than the baseline level at month 6 (P < 0.05), which was also higher than that of the control group at same period (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the ALB level in the control group (P > 0.05). SCr of two groups showed an increasing trend. SCr of the experiment group was significantly higher at month 1, 3, and 6 follow-ups than the baseline level (P < 0.05). But the increment of SCr was higher in the control group than in the experimental group, and obviously higher than the baseline levels (P < 0.05). eGFR of both groups showed a decreasing trend. The decrement was higher in the control group than in the experimental group (P < 0.05). The proportion of progression of renal functions at month 1, 3, and 6 of follow-ups in the experimental group was 0.0% (0 case), 9.55% (8 cases), and 21.4% (18 cases), while they were 8.3% (7 cases), 21.4% (18 cases), and 40.5% (34 cases) in the control group. There was no statistical difference in the proportion of progression of renal functions between the two groups at month 3 and 6 of follow-ups (P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between two groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONQJC could effectively reduce urinary protein of patients with stage 3b DKD, and delay the progression of renal functions.

Adult ; Albumins ; analysis ; Albuminuria ; drug therapy ; Blood Pressure ; drug effects ; Creatinine ; blood ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tetrazoles ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome ; Valine ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Valsartan

Objective To study the inhibition effects on hepatoma cells growth by the anti-sense RNA targeting C-MYC binding site on regulation region of hTERT promoter.Methods The rAd virus which express anti-sense RNA complementary to the C-MYC binding site on regulation region of hTERT were constructed using the method of homologous recombination in bacteria cells.The apoptosis of HepG2.2.15 cells infected by rAd-asmycb was detected by the method of Annexin V-FITC/PI labeling,and the morphological changes were observed by electronic microscopy.TRAP-PCR-ELISA and RT-PCR were used to detecte the relative telomerase activity(RTA) and gene transcription at mRNA level of hTERT.Results Cell growth of HepG2.2.15 was retarded and about 40.7% tumor cells were lead to apoptosis.RTA of anti-sense RNA treated cells(1.175) was much lower than the control cells(4.200,P

To investigate the therapeutic effects and associated complications of allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (allo-PBSCT). 40 patients with various malignant hematopoietic diseases received allo-PBSCT. The preparative regimens were based on BUCY2 or modified BUCY2. The acute graft-versus host disease (aGVHD) was prevented by cyclosporin A and short-term MTX regimen in all patients. Two patients from donors with one fully mismatched HLA on DRB1 locus and 4 from unrelated donor also administered Zenapox (CD25 MAb) at dosage of 1 mg/kg every day on the day before transplantation and day 4 after transplantation. These 6 patients were also treated with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). Transfusion of the donor cells: The median of the transfused nucleated cells was 5.38 x 10(8)/kg and that of the CD34+ cells was 7.8 x 10(6)/kg respectively. All the patients gained hematopoietic reconstruction except one who died of infection before engraftment. Seven patients got II degrees-IV degrees aGVHI) and the incidence was 17.5%. Fourteen patients got cGVHD and the incidence was 53.8% in the patients who survived over 6 months. Twenty-eight patients had fever or other characteristics of infection. The median follow-up time was 13.8 months. The incidence of transplantation related mortality (TRM) was 17.5% and 2 patients relapsed (5.0%). It was concluded that allo-PBSCT can reconstruct hematopoiesis quickly and is a favorable therapeutic method for leukemia.
China/epidemiology ; Cyclosporine/*therapeutic use ; Follow-Up Studies ; Graft vs Host Disease/*prevention & control ; Leukemia/*therapy ; Leukemia, Lymphoid/therapy ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy ; *Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation/adverse effects ; Sepsis/epidemiology ; Sepsis/etiology

Objeetive To investigate the effects of fluoride on ultra-structure of thyroid in rats.Methods Eighty SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups,20 rats in each group.One was control group,the other tree groups were respectively administered 1.19×10-3 mol/L(LF),2.38×10-3 mol/L(MF),and 4.76×10-3 mol/L(HF) of sodium fluoride in drinking water,respectively.The total feeding experiment lasted 1 50 days.Thyroid tissues of rats were collected and ultra-thin sections were made and thyroid ultra-structure wa8 observed under electronic microscope.Results In LF group,nuclear pycnosis and cell vacuolization were observed.In MF group,the electron density decreased,and mitochondria reduced in number.In HF group,some mitochondria were Seen swelling,colloid of thyroid follicles aecumulated,the electronic density in this site increased,microvilli of thyroid endothelial cells decreased significantly,and the amount of lysosome significantly increased.In MF and HF group,organelle disordered,vacuolization in cell endoplasm appeared,membranes of rough endoplasmic reticulum(RER)broke,ribosomes ablated,mitochondria swollen and vacuolated,some cristaes of mitochondria disrupted or disappeared.Conclusion Fluoride can damage the ultra-structure of thyroid,especially the bio-membranes of thyroid cells.

OBJECTIVEThe relationship between stroke/thromboembolic events (TEs) and bleeding as well as age-related risk factors are not fully clear in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). This study aimed to evaluate the clinical features, incidence and risk factors of stroke and bleeding in elderly AF patients.

METHODA total of 220 elderly AF patients [mean age (83.1 ± 0.6) years] were followed for (3.2 ± 0.8) years. The CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc score, the HAS-BLED score, annual major bleeding risk and the annual stroke were analyzed.

RESULTThe CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc score in patients with 65-79, 80-89 and ≥ 90 years old groups were 2.9 ± 0.2, 5.2 ± 0.2 and 5.6 ± 0.2, respectively (P < 0.001) and the HAS-BLED score were 2.1 ± 0.1, 3.2 ± 0.1 and 3.6 ± 0.1, respectively (P < 0.001), both significantly increased with aging. The annual major bleeding risk increased similarly as the annual stroke risk in the very elderly AF patients (patients 80-89 years old: bleeding risk 3.7 %, stroke risk 6.7 %; patients ≥ 90 years old: 8.7 % and 9.8 %, respectively). The combination of CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc and HAS-BLED could identify those patients with high risk for stroke and bleeding correctly. Twelve (5.5%) patients experienced "bidirectional events" (concomitant TE and haemorrhage), of whom 9 (75.0 %) suffered recurrent TEs.

CONCLUSIONThe bleeding risk increased similarly as the thromboembotic risk with increasing age in the elderly AF patients, "bidirectional events" is not common but related with worse outcome in elderly AF patients.

Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Atrial Fibrillation ; complications ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemorrhage ; etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Risk Factors ; Stroke ; etiology ; Thromboembolism ; etiology