With the completion of human genome,we are entering the functional genomic age.To further reveal the nature of life,glycomics comes into being and becomes a research focus.This review gives a deep insight on the current research progress of glycomics,including the research target,the structural classification and metabolism of sugar chain,the biological significance,research approaches,and the correlation between glycomics and liver diseases.

Objective:To retrospectively analyze the routine clinical laboratory parameters for hepatocellular carcinoma,in an attempt to search for parameters for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods:The pre-operation clinical labo- ratory data,such as tumor makers,and serological biochemical indices,hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection markers,and HBV DNA titers,were collected from 828 patients who were pathologically diagnosed as having HCC;then the correlation between these data with tumor size and the pathological grades of HCC was analyzed.Results:It was found that 97.9% of the 828 pa- tients were infected with HBV and 70.9% of them were accompanied by liver fibrosis.We also found that the tumor size was correlated with albumin(ALB),globulin(GLB),A/G,aspartate aminotransferase(AST),ratio of aspartate to alanine amin- otransferase(AST/ALT),gamma-glutamyl transferase(GGT),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),alpha-L-fucosidase(AFU),al- pha-fetoprotein(AFP)and tumor grades;meanwhile,the pathological grades of tumor was correlated to prealbumin(PALB), GGT and tumor size(all P

OBJECTIVETo discuss the relative association of soft tissue tension and cervical physiological curvature chang in patients with scapula muscle fasciitis.

METHODSFrom February 2012 to December 2012,29 patients with scapula muscle fasciitis were investigated. There were 10 males and 19 females with an average age of 27.77 years old (ranged from 22 to 40 years old). Routine AP and lateral cervical X-rays were done in all patients. Cervical lordosis was measured according to Borden's method and the pain point tension was measured by soft tissue tension meter. Finally,perform statistic analysis to bove data.

RESULTSLateral X-rays showed 9 cases were normal cervical lordosis, 18 cases were cervical lordosis decreased, 2 cases were cervical lordosis increased. The regression equation of cerical lordosis changes D(Y) and soft tissue tension displacement D0.5 kg (X) was Y = -15.069 + 3.673X.

CONCLUSIONThere is linear relationship between soft tissue tension and cervical physiological curvature change. With the soft tissue tension increases, the cervical lordosis trend to decrease.

Adult ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cervical Vertebrae ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Fasciitis ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mechanical Phenomena ; Scapula ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the distribution of neurons expressing Fos protein in central nervous system (CNS) following esophageal mucosal acid exposure,and to map the contribution of spe- cific brain areas in sensitizing responsivity and emphasize the coding change of CNS to the esophageal acid stimulation.Methods Thirty-six healthy Sprague-Dwley rats were randomly divided into five groups. Group A (n=6) was normal group of home cage control animals to which no stimulation was given. Group B (n=7) was saline group which received esophageal perfusion with normal saline solution (0.9% NaCl).Group C (n=8) was treated with esophageal mucosal acid exposure containing 0.1 mol/L HCl. Group D (n=7) was sensitized by ovalbumin.Group E (n=8) received basal ovalbumin-sensitization plus esophageal mucosal acid exposure.The rat model of esophageal visceral hypersensitivity was estab- lished by the basic ovalbumin-sensitization combined with intra-esophageal mucosal acid exposure.The neuronal expressions of c-fos proto-oncogene were detected with immunohistochemical counter-staining and computerized color image analyzer under various conditions.Results The rats in model group with basic ovalbumin-sensitization plus esophageal acid perfusion initiated a high density expression of c-fos- immunoreactive(Fos-IR) neurons in multineuronal networks.A significantly higher number of Fos positive neurons was found in the model group than those in the corresponding regions of other groups (P＜0.05) in the following brain areas:frontal and parietal cortex,insular cortex,cingulated cortex,central amyg- daloid nucleus,the K(?)lliker-Fuse nucleus,the nucleus ambiguus,parabrachial nucleus,hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus,paraventricular thalamic nucleus,paratrigeminal nucleus,the nucleus of solitary tract,area postrema,reticular nucleus of medulla,whereas no significant difference was found in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus,supraoptic nucleus,periaqueductal gray matter or orbital part of infe- rior frontal gyrus.The values of Fos-IR neurons were also increased in the central amygdala,parabrachi- al nucleus,paraventricular nucleus,the paratrigeminal nucleus and NTS in the model group than that in the corresponding regions of other groups (P＜0.05).Conclusion The basic ovalbumin-sensitization fa- cilitated dramatically the c-fos expression evoked by esophageal acid perfusion,suggesting that visceral hypersensitivity induced by ovalbumin may alter cortical reactivity processing of esophageal acid stimula- tion in brain areas.

This paper introduces the designing concept of the ECG treadmill system and discusses the methods of its realization.
Amplifiers, Electronic ; Computer Simulation ; Computer Systems ; Coronary Disease ; diagnosis ; Electrocardiography ; instrumentation ; methods ; Equipment Design ; Exercise Test ; instrumentation ; methods ; Humans ; Microcomputers ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Software

OBJECTIVETo study the antiulcer effects and the mechanism of Veronicastrum axillare (Sieb. et Zucc) Yamazaki (VAY) on ethanol induced gastric ulcer rats.

METHODSTotally 48 healthy SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, i.e., the normal group, the model group, the ranitidine group, the high dose VAY group, the medium dose VAY group, and the low dose VAY group, 8 in each group. Rats in the normal group and the model group were administered with normal saline respectively. Rats in the ranitidine group were administered with 0.18% ranitidine suspension (at the daily dose of 0.027 g/kg) by gastrogavage. Those in the high dose VAY group, the medium dose VAY group, and the low dose VAY group were administered with VAY at the daily dose of 2.8 g/kg, 1.4 g/kg, and 0.7 g/kg by gastrogavage, once daily for 14 consecutive days. The gastric ulcer model was established using absolute ethanol after the last gastrogavage. The ulcer index and the ulcer inhibitory rate were compared. The concentrations of malonyldialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the serum and the homogenate of the gastric mucosa tissue were detected.

RESULTSCompared with the model group, the gastric ulcer index in the rest groups obviously decreased (P < 0.01). The ulcer index was dose-dependent with VAY (P < 0.01), with the highest gastric ulcer index shown in the high dose VAY group (P < 0.01). Compared with the normal group, the concentrations of MDA and NO significantly increased in the serum and the gastric mucosa tissue, the activity of SOD and the EGF content in the gastric mucosa tissue of rats in the model group significantly decreased (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the MDA concentrations in the serum and the gastric mucosa tissue decreased, the serum NO content increased, the NO content in the gastric mucosa tissue decreased, the serum SOD activity increased, the EGF content in the gastric mucosa tissue increased in the rest groups, all showing statistical difference (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThe water extract of VAY had significant effects on ethanol induced gastric ulcer. Its mechanisms might lie in reducing the generation of free radicals, promoting the oxygen free radical clearance, restraining lipid peroxidation, regulating and controlling the in vivo contents of NO and EGF.

Animals ; Anti-Ulcer Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Epidermal Growth Factor ; metabolism ; Ethanol ; adverse effects ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Plantago ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stomach Ulcer ; drug therapy ; etiology ; metabolism ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

ABO Blood-Group System ; immunology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Erythroblastosis, Fetal ; classification ; prevention & control ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperbilirubinemia ; prevention & control ; Immunoglobulin G ; blood ; Infant, Newborn ; Phytotherapy ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis

Background Wearing of orthokeratology contact lens can slow down the development of myopia,especially in childhood.However,if wearing orthokeratology contact lens for long-term affect the corneal health is worthy of consideration.Objective This study was to evaluate the security of wearing orthokeratology contact lens in children.Methods A retrospective case-observational study was adopted.One hundred and fifty eyes of 76 myopic children aged 8-15 years were enrolled in Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital during December,2009 to December,2011.Orthokeratology contact lens were worn at night for 8-10 hours daily.Area of corneal endothelial cells,density of corneal endothelial cells,coefficient of variation of corneal endothelial cells and percentage of hexagonal cells were measured before wearing and 3,6,12,24 months after wearing.Repeated measurement of single factor analysis of variance was used to evaluate the changes of corneal endothelial cells after wearing of orthokeratology contact lens.Results No significant differences were found in the area of corneal endothelial cells and density of corneal endothelial cells among the different time points (F =11.34,P＞0.05 ; F =7.16,P＞0.05).A significant difference was seen in the coefficient of variation of corneal endothelial cells at various time points in the children(F=12.70,P=0.02),and the coefficient of variation of corneal endothelial cells was 0.36±0.02 24 months after wearing lens,which was higher than 0.28 ±0.05 before wearing lens (P＜0.05).In addition,the percentage of hexagonal cells in different time points was significantly different (F=13.40,P =0.04),and the percentages of hexagonal cells at 12 hours and 24 months after wearing lens were (62±12)％ and (60±14)％ respectively,which was significantly lower than (69±12)％ before wearing lens (P＜0.05).Conclusions Wearing of orthokeratology contact lens for over one year leads to the decrease of percentage of hexagonal cells and increase of coefficient of variation of corneal endothelial cells.

BACKGROUND: H-type vessels are mainly distributed in the metaphysis, which can promote the proliferation of osteocytes, further accelerating osteogenesis.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of H-type vessels in the subchondral bone during the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis.METHODS: 8-week-old C57 mice were randomly divided into experimental and sham groups, followed by the right medial menisectomy to establish the osteoarthritis models or only articular capsulotomy. The knee samples were removed at 4 weeks postoperatively, and were stained with safranin-O-fast green to evaluate the degree of injury. The expression levels of CD31, Emcn and matrix metalloproteinase 13 were detected by immunofluorescent staining. The changes of the subchondral bone were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and the changes of bone mass in the subchondral bone were analyzed by micro-CT.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the sham group, the Osteoarthritis Research Society International scores, expression levels of CD31, Emcn, H-type vessels and matrix metalloproteinase 13, as well as the bone mass in the subchondral bone were significantly increased in the experimental group (P < 0.05). To conclude, the increased H-type vessels in the subchondral bone promote the hyperplasia and remodeling of subchondral bone in the progression of osteoarthritis.

Objective To investigate the influence of marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) on intercelluar adhension molecule-1(ICAM-1) in lung of neonatal rats suffered hyperoxia.Methods Marrow-derived MSCs were separated,cultured,amplificated and labeled with 5bromo 2′-deoxy-uridinel(BrdU);after suffered 95% oxygen for 7 days,24 three-day-old SD rats were randomly divided into group A,B and C,and they were injected intraperitoneally with MSCs of 1?10~4,5?10~4 PBS,respectively.Seven days later,immunocytochemisty was used to determine the expression of BrdU and ICAM-1,and value of radical alveolar counts(RAC) of lungs were counted for histopathological study under light microscope.Results Both group A and B,the labeled MSCs had been(detec)-ted in lungs,and there existed significant variance between two groups(P