Objective To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles of clinically isolated Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis in hospitals across China from 2015 to 2021,and provide evidence for rational use of antimicrobial agents.Methods Data of H.influenzae and M.catarrhalis strains isolated from 2015 to 2021 in CHINET program were collected for analysis,and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disc diffusion method or automated systems according to the uniform protocol of CHINET.The results were interpreted according to the CLSI breakpoints in 2022.Beta-lactamases was detected by using nitrocefin disk.Results From 2015 to 2021,a total of 43 642 strains of Haemophilus species were isolated,accounting for 2.91％of the total clinical isolates and 4.07％of Gram-negative bacteria in CHINET program.Among the 40 437 strains of H.influenzae,66.89％were isolated from children and 33.11％were isolated from adults.More than 90％of the H.influenzae strains were isolated from respiratory tract specimens.The prevalence of β-lactamase was 53.79％in H.influenzae strains.The H.influenzae strains isolated from children showed higher resistance rate than the strains isolated from adults.Overall,779 strains of H.influenzae did not produce β-lactamase but were resistant to ampicillin(BLNAR).Beta-lactamase-producing strains showed significantly higher resistance rates to these antimicrobial agents than the β-lactamase-nonproducing strains.Of the 16 191 M.catarrhalis strains,80.06％were isolated from children and 19.94％isolated from adults.M.catarrhalis strains were mostly susceptible to both amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and cefuroxime,evidenced by resistance rate lower than 2.0％.Conclusions The emergence of antibiotic-resistant H.influenzae due to β-lactamase production poses a challenge for clinical anti-infective treatment.Therefore,it is very important to implement antibiotic resistance surveillance for H.influenzae and guide rational antibiotic use.All local clinical microbiology laboratories should actively improve antibiotic susceptibility testing and strengthen antibiotic resistance surveillance for H.influenzae.

With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.

Objective To examine the predictive value of coronary artery calcification score on low-dose helical CT(LDCT)in patients with unstable angina pectoris.Methods One hundred thirty-two patients with unstable angina who underwent LDCT and coronary angiography(CAG)were retrospectively analyzed.Clinical characteristics,calcification scores,and CAG findings were recorded.Patients underwent follow-up to record the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE).Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the relationship between calcification score and severity of disease.Results(1)LDCT calcification score significantly differed between the no-vessel disease,single-vessel disease,two-vessel disease,and three-vessel disease groups(P=0.001).LDCT calcification score was associated with three-vessel disease on CAG.For each 100-point increase in LDCT calcification score,the probability of three-vessel disease increased by 12％(95％CI 1.04-1.20,P=0.003).Compared with patients with mild calcification(score＜100 Agatston units),patients with moderate(score 100-399 Agatston units)and severe(score≥400 Agatston units)calcification were 3.69 times(95％CI 1.27-10.76,P=0.017)and 5.48 times(95％CI 1.87-16.02,P=0.002)more likely to have three-vessel disease,respectively.(2)Patients with LDCT calcification score≥ 196.05 Agatston units were more likely to have three-vessel disease.The sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of LDCT calcification score≥ 196.05 Agatston units for diagnosing three-vessel coronary artery disease was 0.72,0.65,and 0.67,respectively;the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.699.(3)The odds of coronary revascularization during follow-up were 8.23 times(95％CI 1.12-60.67,P=0.039)higher in patients with severe calcification than in those without it.Conclusions LDCT can predict CAD in patients with unstable angina,especially severe disease,and is related to MACE.

With the rapid development of population aging in various countries around the world,the health and elderly care industry has been paid high attention.The standardization of smart health and elderly care technology and services is particularly important.This paper firstly reviewed the policies related to healthy elderly care in China.By analyzing the industrial standards and provincial standards issued,this paper focused on the policies proposed by the Shanghai Municipal Government for the standardization of smart health and elderly care,as well as the researches on the standard system and the construction of standard families.Shanghai group standards in the field of smart health and elderly care were summarized,including the guidelines for the construction of standard systems,elderly care service platforms,community elderly cafeterias,portable health monitoring terminals,indoor sports services,and home-based elderly care safety monitoring.A series of case analyses of the standardized implementation of the above aspects were also provided.Through standardization research and practice in recent years,it has been fully demonstrated that the standard research plays an important leading role in the field of smart health and elderly care.

ObjectiveThis study leverages structural data from antigen-antibody complexes of the influenza A virus neuraminidase (NA) protein to investigate the spatial recognition relationship between the antigenic epitopes and antibody paratopes. MethodsStructural data on NA protein antigen-antibody complexes were comprehensively collected from the SAbDab database, and processed to obtain the amino acid sequences and spatial distribution information on antigenic epitopes and corresponding antibody paratopes. Statistical analysis was conducted on the antibody sequences, frequency of use of genes, amino acid preferences, and the lengths of complementarity determining regions (CDR). Epitope hotspots for antibody binding were analyzed, and the spatial structural similarity of antibody paratopes was calculated and subjected to clustering, which allowed for a comprehensively exploration of the spatial recognition relationship between antigenic epitopes and antibodies. The specificity of antibodies targeting different antigenic epitope clusters was further validated through bio-layer interferometry (BLI) experiments. ResultsThe collected data revealed that the antigen-antibody complex structure data of influenza A virus NA protein in SAbDab database were mainly from H3N2, H7N9 and H1N1 subtypes. The hotspot regions of antigen epitopes were primarily located around the catalytic active site. The antibodies used for structural analysis were primarily derived from human and murine sources. Among murine antibodies, the most frequently used V-J gene combination was IGHV1-12*01/IGHJ2*01, while for human antibodies, the most common combination was IGHV1-69*01/IGHJ6*01. There were significant differences in the lengths and usage preferences of heavy chain CDR amino acids between antibodies that bind within the catalytic active site and those that bind to regions outside the catalytic active site. The results revealed that structurally similar antibodies could recognize the same epitopes, indicating a specific spatial recognition between antibody and antigen epitopes. Structural overlap in the binding regions was observed for antibodies with similar paratope structures, and the competitive binding of these antibodies to the epitope was confirmed through BLI experiments. ConclusionThe antigen epitopes of NA protein mainly ditributed around the catalytic active site and its surrounding loops. Spatial complementarity and electrostatic interactions play crucial roles in the recognition and binding of antibodies to antigenic epitopes in the catalytic region. There existed a spatial recognition relationship between antigens and antibodies that was independent of the uniqueness of antibody sequences, which means that antibodies with different sequences could potentially form similar local spatial structures and recognize the same epitopes.

Objective To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles of clinically isolated Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis in hospitals across China from 2015 to 2021,and provide evidence for rational use of antimicrobial agents.Methods Data of H.influenzae and M.catarrhalis strains isolated from 2015 to 2021 in CHINET program were collected for analysis,and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disc diffusion method or automated systems according to the uniform protocol of CHINET.The results were interpreted according to the CLSI breakpoints in 2022.Beta-lactamases was detected by using nitrocefin disk.Results From 2015 to 2021,a total of 43 642 strains of Haemophilus species were isolated,accounting for 2.91％of the total clinical isolates and 4.07％of Gram-negative bacteria in CHINET program.Among the 40 437 strains of H.influenzae,66.89％were isolated from children and 33.11％were isolated from adults.More than 90％of the H.influenzae strains were isolated from respiratory tract specimens.The prevalence of β-lactamase was 53.79％in H.influenzae strains.The H.influenzae strains isolated from children showed higher resistance rate than the strains isolated from adults.Overall,779 strains of H.influenzae did not produce β-lactamase but were resistant to ampicillin(BLNAR).Beta-lactamase-producing strains showed significantly higher resistance rates to these antimicrobial agents than the β-lactamase-nonproducing strains.Of the 16 191 M.catarrhalis strains,80.06％were isolated from children and 19.94％isolated from adults.M.catarrhalis strains were mostly susceptible to both amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and cefuroxime,evidenced by resistance rate lower than 2.0％.Conclusions The emergence of antibiotic-resistant H.influenzae due to β-lactamase production poses a challenge for clinical anti-infective treatment.Therefore,it is very important to implement antibiotic resistance surveillance for H.influenzae and guide rational antibiotic use.All local clinical microbiology laboratories should actively improve antibiotic susceptibility testing and strengthen antibiotic resistance surveillance for H.influenzae.

Aim To explore the influence of demethy-lase fat mass and obesity-related genes(FTO)on the abnormal contractile function of diabetic coronary smooth muscle.Methods Smooth muscle specific FTO knockout mice(FTOSMKO)were prepared by Cre-loxP recombinant technology.They were divided into four groups:control(WT)group,diabetes model group(DM),FTO knockout group(FTOSMKO),and FTOSMKO diabetic group(FTOSMKO-DM),with 15 mice in each group.Diabetic mice were prepared by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin(STZ);the remaining mice were injected with an equal amount of citric acid-sodi-um citrate buffer.The effects of 5-HTon the contractile response of coronary artery smooth muscle in the four groups of mice were observed by the technique of small-vessel ring tensiometry.Western blot and Dot blot were used to detect the changes of FTO protein and N6-methyladenine(m6A)methylation modification levels in mouse vascular tissues.Results Compared with the WT group,the DM group had significantly higher blood glucose(P＜0.01)and lower body weight(P＜0.05);the level of FTO protein in aorta of DM group increased(P＜0.01),and the level of m6A methylation modification decreased(P＜0.01).The 5-HT-induced contractile response significantly de-creased in the DM group compared with the WT group(P＜0.01),whereas the contractile response signifi-cantly increased in the FTOSMKO-DM group compared with the DM group(P＜0.01);the non-L-type calci-um channel-mediated vascular smooth muscle contrac-tile response was enhanced in the FTOSMKO-DM group,among which,the contractions induced by 1,4,5-triphosphate inositol receptor(IP3R)and caffeine-ac-tivated ranine receptor(RyR)mediated by sarcoplas-mic reticulum calcium release both significantly in-creased(P＜0.05).Conclusions Specific knock-down of smooth muscle FTO improves coronary artery responsiveness to the vasoconstrictor 5-HT in diabetic mice,which may be related to abnormalities in the FTO-mediated 5-HT receptor signaling pathway.

With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.

Objective To examine the predictive value of coronary artery calcification score on low-dose helical CT(LDCT)in patients with unstable angina pectoris.Methods One hundred thirty-two patients with unstable angina who underwent LDCT and coronary angiography(CAG)were retrospectively analyzed.Clinical characteristics,calcification scores,and CAG findings were recorded.Patients underwent follow-up to record the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE).Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the relationship between calcification score and severity of disease.Results(1)LDCT calcification score significantly differed between the no-vessel disease,single-vessel disease,two-vessel disease,and three-vessel disease groups(P=0.001).LDCT calcification score was associated with three-vessel disease on CAG.For each 100-point increase in LDCT calcification score,the probability of three-vessel disease increased by 12％(95％CI 1.04-1.20,P=0.003).Compared with patients with mild calcification(score＜100 Agatston units),patients with moderate(score 100-399 Agatston units)and severe(score≥400 Agatston units)calcification were 3.69 times(95％CI 1.27-10.76,P=0.017)and 5.48 times(95％CI 1.87-16.02,P=0.002)more likely to have three-vessel disease,respectively.(2)Patients with LDCT calcification score≥ 196.05 Agatston units were more likely to have three-vessel disease.The sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of LDCT calcification score≥ 196.05 Agatston units for diagnosing three-vessel coronary artery disease was 0.72,0.65,and 0.67,respectively;the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.699.(3)The odds of coronary revascularization during follow-up were 8.23 times(95％CI 1.12-60.67,P=0.039)higher in patients with severe calcification than in those without it.Conclusions LDCT can predict CAD in patients with unstable angina,especially severe disease,and is related to MACE.

Aim To explore the influence of demethy-lase fat mass and obesity-related genes(FTO)on the abnormal contractile function of diabetic coronary smooth muscle.Methods Smooth muscle specific FTO knockout mice(FTOSMKO)were prepared by Cre-loxP recombinant technology.They were divided into four groups:control(WT)group,diabetes model group(DM),FTO knockout group(FTOSMKO),and FTOSMKO diabetic group(FTOSMKO-DM),with 15 mice in each group.Diabetic mice were prepared by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin(STZ);the remaining mice were injected with an equal amount of citric acid-sodi-um citrate buffer.The effects of 5-HTon the contractile response of coronary artery smooth muscle in the four groups of mice were observed by the technique of small-vessel ring tensiometry.Western blot and Dot blot were used to detect the changes of FTO protein and N6-methyladenine(m6A)methylation modification levels in mouse vascular tissues.Results Compared with the WT group,the DM group had significantly higher blood glucose(P＜0.01)and lower body weight(P＜0.05);the level of FTO protein in aorta of DM group increased(P＜0.01),and the level of m6A methylation modification decreased(P＜0.01).The 5-HT-induced contractile response significantly de-creased in the DM group compared with the WT group(P＜0.01),whereas the contractile response signifi-cantly increased in the FTOSMKO-DM group compared with the DM group(P＜0.01);the non-L-type calci-um channel-mediated vascular smooth muscle contrac-tile response was enhanced in the FTOSMKO-DM group,among which,the contractions induced by 1,4,5-triphosphate inositol receptor(IP3R)and caffeine-ac-tivated ranine receptor(RyR)mediated by sarcoplas-mic reticulum calcium release both significantly in-creased(P＜0.05).Conclusions Specific knock-down of smooth muscle FTO improves coronary artery responsiveness to the vasoconstrictor 5-HT in diabetic mice,which may be related to abnormalities in the FTO-mediated 5-HT receptor signaling pathway.