1.Calibration Practices in Clinical Mass Spectrometry: Review and Recommendations
Wan Ling CHENG ; Corey MARKUS ; Chun Yee LIM ; Rui Zhen TAN ; Sunil Kumar SETHI ; Tze Ping LOH ;
Annals of Laboratory Medicine 2023;43(1):5-18
Background:
Calibration is a critical component for the reliability, accuracy, and precision of mass spectrometry measurements. Optimal practice in the construction, evaluation, and implementation of a new calibration curve is often underappreciated. This systematic review examined how calibration practices are applied to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry measurement procedures.
Methods:
The electronic database PubMed was searched from the date of database inception to April 1, 2022. The search terms used were “calibration,” “mass spectrometry,” and “regression.” Twenty-one articles were identified and included in this review, following evaluation of the titles, abstracts, full text, and reference lists of the search results.
Results:
The use of matrix-matched calibrators and stable isotope-labeled internal standards helps to mitigate the impact of matrix effects. A higher number of calibration standards or replicate measurements improves the mapping of the detector response and hence the accuracy and precision of the regression model. Constructing a calibration curve with each analytical batch recharacterizes the instrument detector but does not reduce the actual variability. The analytical response and measurand concentrations should be considered when constructing a calibration curve, along with subsequent use of quality controls to confirm assay performance. It is important to assess the linearity of the calibration curve by using actual experimental data and appropriate statistics. The heteroscedasticity of the calibration data should be investigated, and appropriate weighting should be applied during regression modeling.
Conclusions
This review provides an outline and guidance for optimal calibration practices in clinical mass spectrometry laboratories.
2.Functional Reference Limits: Describing Physiological Relationships and Determination of Physiological Limits for Enhanced Interpretation of Laboratory Results
Tyng Yu CHUAH ; Chun Yee LIM ; Rui Zhen TAN ; Busadee PRATUMVINIT ; Tze Ping LOH ; Samuel VASIKARAN ; Corey MARKUS ;
Annals of Laboratory Medicine 2023;43(5):408-417
Functional reference limits describe key changes in the physiological relationship between a pair of physiologically related components. Statistically, this can be represented by a significant change in the curvature of a mathematical function or curve (e.g., an observed plateau). The point at which the statistical relationship changes significantly is the point of curvature inflection and can be mathematically modeled from the relationship between the interrelated biomarkers. Conceptually, they reside between reference intervals, which describe the statistical boundaries of a single biomarker within the reference population, and clinical decision limits that are often linked to the risk of morbidity or mortality and set as thresholds. Functional reference limits provide important physiological and pathophysiological insights that can aid laboratory result interpretation. Laboratory professionals are in a unique position to harness data from laboratory information systems to derive clinically relevant values. Increasing research on and reporting of functional reference limits in the literature will enhance their contribution to laboratory medicine and widen the evidence base used in clinical decision limits, which are currently almost exclusively contributed to by clinical trials. Their inclusion in laboratory reports will enhance the intellectual value of laboratory professionals in clinical care beyond the statistical boundaries of a healthy reference population and pave the way to them being considered in shaping clinical decision limits. This review provides an overview of the concepts related to functional reference limits, clinical examples of their use, and the impetus to include them in laboratory reports.
3.Evaluation of "atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance" by the bethesda system.
Yee Jeong KIM ; Sung Ran HONG ; Hy Sook KIM ; Jong Sook PARK ; Kye Hyun KIM ; Kyung Ho LIM ; Jae Uk SHIM ; Chong Taik PARK ; Chong Soo CHUN
Korean Journal of Cytopathology 1993;4(2):81-86
No abstract available.
4.Meningioma with Intratumoral Hemorrhage.
Sae Myoung CHUN ; Tae Sung KIM ; Gi Taek YEE ; Jun Seok KOH ; Young Jin LIM ; Gook Ki KIM ; Won LEEM ; Bong Arm RHEE
Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society 2001;30(9):1134-1139
Meningioma associated with intratumoral hemorrhage is rarely reported. We present two patients with intratumoral hemorrhage. One 70-year-old man was admitted to our department with a decreased level of consciousness and left hemiparesis. CT scan and MRI scan revealed huge tumor with intratumoral hemorrhage in the frontal lobe. After surgical removal of the tumor, histopathological diagnosis was a meningotheliomatous meningioma. The other seemed patients was 56-year-old woman with headache and vomiting. She showed no specific neurological deficit. CT and MRI scan revealed large size tumor with intratumoral hemorrhage that looks like meningioma. The patient died suddenly before surgery. We reviewed the relevant literature and discussed the possible mechanism of hemorrhage in the meningioma.
Aged
;
Consciousness
;
Diagnosis
;
Female
;
Frontal Lobe
;
Headache
;
Hemorrhage*
;
Humans
;
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
;
Meningioma*
;
Middle Aged
;
Paresis
;
Tomography, X-Ray Computed
;
Vomiting
5.Clinicopathologic Analysis of Four Cases of Primary Ovarian and Parovarian Transitional Cell Carcinoma.
Tae Jin KIM ; Yi Kyeong CHUN ; Kyung Taek LIM ; Hwan Wook JUNG ; Ki Heon LEE ; In Sou PARK ; Chong Tak PARK ; Sung Ran HONG ; Myung In KOH ; In Su HAN ; Yong Kwan CHOI ; Jae Uk SHIM ; Yee Jeong KIM ; Hy Sook KIM
Korean Journal of Gynecologic Oncology and Colposcopy 1999;10(3):287-294
Four cases of primary transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) arising in the ovary (3 cases) and the parovarium (1 case) were collected for clinicopathologic analysis. The mean age was 46.2 years (range, 39-57 years). Two patients complained abdominal discomfort and vaginal discharge, respectively. Other 2 cases were incidentally found from routine check. Grossly, the tumors were solid and cystic (2 cases), solid (1 case) and surface papillary growth on capsule (1 case). Microscopically, the tumor showed almostly same to the histologic features of TCC of urinary bladder. Three cases were pure TCC, and one was mixed TCC and serous carcinoma. FIGO stage were 1 IIa, 2 IIc, and 1 IIIc. Treatment was surgery with adjuvant chemotherapy. Two patients are alive with no evidence of disease, and two have lung or brain metastasis.
Brain
;
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell*
;
Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
;
Female
;
Humans
;
Lung
;
Neoplasm Metastasis
;
Ovary
;
Urinary Bladder
;
Vaginal Discharge
6.Decreased Expression of PTEN in Olfactory Bulb of Rat Pub after Naris Closure.
Jaeyoung CHO ; Sang Hyun LEE ; Geon Hee LEE ; Wanjoo CHUN ; Yee Tae PARK ; So Young LIM ; Sung Soo KIM
The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 2004;8(1):17-20
PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog) is a dual specific phosphatase antagonizing phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity, and has first been cloned as a tumor suppressor for glioma. Although the role of PTEN as a tumor suppressor has been well studied, little is known about signaling mechanisms regulating expression and/or activity of PTEN in the central nervous system. In this study, we investigated whether PTEN expression is regulated by sensory deprivation. P5 rat pups were unilaterally naris-closed, and olfactory bulbs were immunohistochemically analyzed with PTEN antibody at the 7th day after naris closure. PTEN immunoreactivity was found to be down-regulated in both glomerular, external plexiform and subependymal cell layers, suggesting that odor deprivation signals down-regulate expression of PTEN in the olfactory bulb. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to suggest that PTEN expression is regulated by sensory deprivation signals in neonatal rats.
Animals
;
Central Nervous System
;
Clone Cells
;
Glioma
;
Odors
;
Olfactory Bulb*
;
Rats*
;
Sensory Deprivation
7.Curcumin Attenuates Glial Cell Activation But Cannot Suppress Hippocampal CA3 Neuronal Cell Death in i.c.v. Kanic Acid Injection Model.
Jaeyoung CHO ; Pil Jae KONG ; Wanjoo CHUN ; Yeo Ok MOON ; Yee Tae PARK ; So Young LIM ; Sung Soo KIM
The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 2003;7(6):307-310
Kainic acid (KA) is a structural analogue of glutamate that interacts with specific presynaptic and postsynaptic receptors to potentiate the release and excitatory actions of glutamate. Systemic or intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of KA to experimental animals elicits multifocal seizures with a predominantly limbic localization, and results in neuronal death of cornu ammonia 1 (CA1), reactive gliosis and biochemical changes in the hippocampus and other limbic structures. Several lines of evidence suggest that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of excitotoxic death by KA. Curcumin has been known to possess anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, the effects of curcumin on KA induced hippocampal cell death, reactive gliosis and biochemical changes in reactive glia were investigated by immunohistochemical methods. Our data demonstrated that curcumin attenuated KA-induced astroglial and microglial activation although it did not protect KA-induced hippocampal cell death.
Ammonia
;
Animals
;
Astrocytes
;
Cell Death*
;
Curcumin*
;
Gliosis
;
Glutamic Acid
;
Hippocampus
;
Kainic Acid
;
Microglia
;
Neuroglia*
;
Neurons*
;
Reactive Oxygen Species
;
Seizures
8.High intensity non-invasive positive pressure ventilation for refractory decompensated acute hypercapnic respiratory failure in advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Kuan Yee Lim ; Rathika Rajah ; Boon Hau Ng ; Chun Ian Soo
The Medical Journal of Malaysia 2020;75(4):430-432
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a
debilitating progressive lung disease characterised by
irreversible airflow obstruction. In addition to an increase in
morbidity and mortality, exacerbation also results in frequent
hospital visits, which place a burden on healthcare systems.
Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) with
conventional inspiratory pressures is the standard ventilatory
support for patients in exacerbation. At present, the use of
higher inspiratory pressures through high intensity noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (Hi-NPPV) during an
exacerbation remains unknown. We describe a novel
application of Hi-NPPV in a patient with acute exacerbation
who was refractory to conventional NPPV.
9.Health-Related Quality of Life Assessment in Prostate Cancer Patient Undergoing Androgen Deprivation Therapy: Real-World Experience in the READT Study
Jasmine LIM ; Chi-Fai NG ; Yong WEI ; Teng Aik ONG ; Peggy Sau-Kwan CHU ; Wayne Kwun Wai CHAN ; Chao Yuan HUANG ; Kuo-Kang FENG ; Jeremy Yuen-Chun TEOH ; Ning XU ; Jer Wei LOW ; Wei Sien YEOH ; Peter Ka-Fung CHIU ; Chi-Hang YEE ; Steven Chi Ho LEUNG
The World Journal of Men's Health 2024;42(2):449-459
Purpose:
To investigate the effect of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in Asian men with all stages of prostate cancer.
Materials and Methods:
READT (real-life evaluation of the effect of ADT in prostate cancer patients in Asia) was a multi-center, prospective observational study involving six sites across four Asian populations. We enrolled eligible prostate cancer patients, who opted for ADT alone or in combination without prior neoadjuvant or adjuvant ADT within 12 months. The EuroQoL-5 dimensions, 5 level scale (EQ-5D-5L) utility index scores and visual analog scale (VAS) were evaluated at baseline, month 6 and month 12.
Results:
A total of 504 patients were recruited into READT between September 2016 and May 2020 with 52.9% diagnosed with metastatic prostate cancer. The EQ-5D-5L was evaluable in 442/504 (87.7%) of patients. Overall baseline EQ-5D-5L utility index score was 0.924 (interquartile range [IQR] 0.876–1.000). We observed a statistically significant difference in baseline EQ-5D-5L utility index score among different populations with a median EQ-5D-5L utility index score of 1 for Taiwan & Hong Kong, 0.897 for China and 0.838 for Malaysia. Similar trend was observed throughout multiple treatment time-points. Stage IV prostate cancer were significantly associated with a lower baseline EQ-5D-5L utility index score compared to stage I–III prostate cancer, producing a median disutility value of -0.080. Participants had a high median VAS (80, IQR 70–90), indicating good overall health on average during ADT initiation.
Conclusions
The study highlights the differences in health state utility index scores among various Asian prostate cancer patients receiving ADT at real-world setting. Our findings will be informative and useful in cost-effectiveness evaluation and policy decision making.