PURPOSE: To report the effectiveness of Minocin sclerotherapy in the treatment of renal cysts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed minocin sclerotherapy to 19 patients with 21 renal cysts composed of 17 cases of solitary renal cyst and three cases of multiple renal cyst and one case of polycystic kidney comfirmed by ultrasound and CT. After aspiration of cyst fluid, if the amount was less than 50ml, 500mg of minocin was mixed with 3ml of normal saline,if more than 50ml, 1000mg of minocin mixed with 5ml of normal saline were injected, and each case was followed-up over 3 months by ultrasound. RESULTS: Of all 21 renal cysts, 14 cases were followed-up three months after minocin sclerotherapy. In 12 of 14 cases, the size of the cysts decreased by 10% or collapsed completely. Of the remaining two cases, one collapsed after 6 months while the other recurred after 6months. Three cases were followed up after 20 months and only one of them recurred. 19 of all 21 cases(91%) were cured, and two of 21 cases(9%) were recurred. Pain was the only complaint. and four of 10'cases needed analgesics. CONCLUSION: Sclerotherapy with minocin has low recurrence-rate and low complication, and relatively early high cure-rate.
Analgesics ; Cyst Fluid ; Humans ; Minocycline* ; Polycystic Kidney Diseases ; Sclerotherapy* ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: Recently, paranasal sinus(PNS) CT has increasingly been used because of the wide applications of a functional endoscopic sinonasal surgery(FESS) as one of the therapeutic modalities of the chronic sinonasal inflammatory disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed PNS CT findings in 76 patients with chronic sinonasal inflammatory disease who had undergone the PNS CT from April 1991 to July 1992. RESULTS: There were 5 sinonasal patterns of inflammation ;4 cases of infundibular type(5.3%), 14 cases of ostiomeatal unit(OMU) type(18%), one case of sphenoethmoidal(SER) type(1%), 56 cases of sinonasal polyposis type(74%), and one case of sporadic type(1%). The mucosal abnormality was seen in 74 OMU cases, 71 maxillary sinus cases, 69 ethmoidal sinus cases, 55 frontal sinus cases, 49 SER, and 46 sphenoidal sinus cases. The normal bony variant included ethmoid bulla(25 cases, 335), concha bullosa (20 cases 25%), Hailer cells(10 cases, 13%), paradoxical curvature of middle turbinate (4 cases, 5%), lateral deviation of uncinate process(3 cases, 4%), and deviation of nasal septurn(31 cases, 41%). CONCLUSION: The PNS CT is an excelleht imaging method providing detailed informations about the mucosal abnormality, pathological pattern, the anatomical structure and landmark, and bony variants prior to an operation.
Frontal Sinus ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Maxillary Sinus ; Retrospective Studies ; Turbinates

To evaluate the value of HRCT imaging in middle ear cholesteatoma, we prospectively analysed the CT images in 28 surgically proven cases with cholesteatomas regarding main site of lesion, ossicular change, facial nerve exposure and fistula formation . The most common main site of lesion was the epitympanum (92.8%). The results of sensitivity, positive predictability, and accuracy by CT imagings were as follows: for ossicular involvement, 94.1%, 88.8%, and 86.2% in malleus, 96.0%, 88.8%, and 85.7% in incus, 81.2%, 81.2%, and 78.5% in stapes; for facial verve exposure, 66.6%, 57.1%, and 81.2%; for fistula formation, 100%, 75.0%, and 96.4%, respectively. In conclusion, the temporal bone HRCT imaging is an accurate preoperative method in detecting main lesion site, ossicular involvement, fistula formation. Because of the low sensitivity and positive predictability in detecting facial nerve exposure, it is necessary to correlate the HRCT images with the clinical status.
Cholesteatoma ; Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear* ; Ear, Middle* ; Facial Nerve ; Fistula ; Incus ; Malleus ; Methods ; Prospective Studies ; Stapes ; Temporal Bone* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed*

Individuals with psychoses show excess mortality, which is a major public health concern. This study examined all-cause and suicide mortality rates in Korean patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, mood disorder, or mental and behavioral disorder due to psychoactive substance use and to compare this with that of the general population. Data were from the National Health Insurance cohort, 2002 to 2013. A total of 107,190 cases aged 15 years or over were included. Mortality rates per 100,000 person years (PY) were obtained. Poisson regression modelling was conducted to quantify the effect of baseline characteristics on all-cause and suicide mortality risks. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were also calculated. All-cause mortality was the highest among mental and behavioral disorder patients (1,051.0 per 100,000 PY), followed by schizophrenia (949.1 per 100,000 PY) and mood disorder patients (559.5 per 100,000 PY). Highest suicide mortality was found in schizophrenia (177.2 per 100,000 PY), mental and behavioral disorder (143.7 per 100,000 PY), and mood disorder patients (59.7 per 100,000 PY). The rate ratios (RRs) for all-cause and suicide mortality were reduced for younger populations and women. Psychoses patients had higher all-cause (schizophrenia, SMR 2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.2–2.5; mood disorder, SMR 1.4; 95% CI 1.3–1.5; mental and behavioral disorder, SMR 2.6; 95% CI 2.5–2.8) and suicide (schizophrenia, SMR 8.4; 95% CI 7.2–9.6; mood disorder, SMR 2.8; 95% CI 2.1–3.5; mental and behavioral disorder, SMR 6.8; 95% CI 5.7–7.9) mortality rates than the general population. These findings infer that efforts should be made to reduce excess mortality in psychoses.
Cohort Studies* ; Female ; Humans ; Korea* ; Mood Disorders ; Mortality* ; National Health Programs* ; Psychotic Disorders* ; Public Health ; Schizophrenia* ; Suicide

PURPOSE: Survival outcome of locally advanced pancreatic cancer has been poor and little is known about prognostic factors of the disease, especially in locally advanced cases treated with concurrent chemoradiation. This study was to analyze overall survival and prognostic factors of patients treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) in locally advanced pancreatic cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Medical records of 34 patients diagnosed with unresectable pancreatic cancer and treated with definitive CCRT, from December 2003 to December 2012, were reviewed. Median prescribed radiation dose was 50.4 Gy (range, 41.4 to 55.8 Gy), once daily, five times per week, 1.8 to 3 Gy per fraction. RESULTS: With a mean follow-up of 10 months (range, 0 to 49 months), median overall survival was 9 months. The 1- and 2-year survival rates were 40% and 10%, respectively. Median and mean time to progression were 5 and 7 months, respectively. Prognostic parameters related to overall survival were post-CCRT CA19-9 (p = 0.02), the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) status (p < 0.01), and radiation dose (p = 0.04) according to univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, post-CCRT CA19-9 value below 180 U/mL and ECOG status 0 or 1 were statistically significant independent prognostic factors associated with improved overall survival (p < 0.01 and p = 0.02, respectively). CONCLUSION: Overall treatment results in locally advanced pancreatic cancer are relatively poor and few improvements have been accomplished in the past decades. Post-treatment CA19-9 below 180 U/mL and ECOG performance status 0 and 1 were significantly associated with an improved overall survival.
Chemoradiotherapy* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Multivariate Analysis ; Pancreatic Neoplasms* ; Survival Rate

The incidence of coronary artery diseases in elderly patients has been increased in Korea. Coronary intervention may be one of the effective therapeutic modalities in elderly patients instead of coronary bypass surgery. We hereby report a case of coronary stenting in a 93 year-old male patient with unstable angina. He had a long segmental diffuse stenosis over middle left anterior descending coronary artery, which was treated successfully by long MicroStent II. He has no cardiovascular event or target vessel revascularization on two-year clinical follow-up.
Aged ; Angina, Unstable ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Coronary Vessels ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Male ; Stents*

Autofluorescence bronchoscopy (AFB) is one of the newly developed diagnostic tools to detect the pre-cancerous lesions in the bronchial tissue. The utility of DLight/AFB in the detection of pre-cancerous lesions was compared to the standard white light bronchoscopy (WLB). In 113 patients (male 106, female 7), who visited hospital for evaluation of lung cancer, WLB and AFB were done and 364 biopsy specimens were obtained from November 2001 to August 2002. The bronchoscopic findings on WLB and AFB were compared to the pathological findings. The pathologic diagnoses of the specimens were as follows: normal in 96; hyperplasia in 69; metaplasia in 32; mild dysplasia in 13, moderate dysplasia in 6, severe dysplasia in 4; carcinoma in situ in 6; invasive carcinoma in 57. The relative sensitivity of adjunctive AFB to WLB vs. WLB alone was 1.5 in moderate dysplasia or worse lesions, and 3.2 in intraepithelial neoplasia. The specificity of adjunctive AFB and WLB alone were 0.91 and 0.5, respectively. The adjunctive AFB to the standard WLB increased the detection rate of the localized pre-invasive lesions. However, there was high rate of false positive in AFB.
Precancerous Conditions/diagnosis/pathology ; Middle Aged ; Metaplasia ; Male ; Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis/pathology ; Hyperplasia ; Humans ; Fluorescence ; Female ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnosis/pathology ; Carcinoma in Situ/diagnosis/pathology ; Bronchoscopy/*methods ; Bronchial Neoplasms/*diagnosis/pathology ; Bronchi/pathology ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aged ; Adult

The authors report a case of posterior fossa dural arteriovenous malformation with increased intracranial pressure. It was fed left occipital artery, posterior auricular artery, posterior meningeal branch of vertebral artery, and meningohypophyseal artery of left internal carotid artery. Treatment has been tried with transcatheter embolization using gelfoam and ivalon, intracranial clipping of feeders, ligation of external carotid artery, and radiation therapy. The unusual clinical manifestations such as visual disturbance and hearing impairment are discussed.
Arteries ; Arteriovenous Malformations* ; Carotid Artery, External ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Gelatin Sponge, Absorbable ; Hearing Loss ; Intracranial Pressure ; Ligation ; Vertebral Artery

No abstract available.
Agenesis of Corpus Callosum*

OBJECTIVE: Recent studies have shown that multifunctional cytokines have been implicated in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of various ovarian lesions including ovarian cancer and endometriosis. This study was performed to determine the possibility of the clinical usefulness of peritoneal cytokines in patients with various ovarian lesions. METHODS: Peritoneal fluid was obtained from patients with benign cystic adenoma(n=11), benign cystic teratoma(n=10), endometriosis(n=23), malignant ovarian tumor(n=11), and women without evidence of any pathology(n=7) at the time of laparotomy or operative laparoscopic surgery and were examined for the levels of IFN-gamma, IL-1beta, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-alpha using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Statistical analysis was performed with the one way ANOVA, Scheffe test or Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS: The mean concentration of IL-6 and IL-10 was significantly higher in peritoneal fluid specimens with ovarian cancer than other benign pathology(p<0.05). Both IL-6 and IL-10 levels in peritoneal fluid specimens with endometriosis tended to be higher than normal, and the levels of IL-6 and IL-10 were significantly higher in peritoneal fluid of women with severe endometriosis compaired to women with mild endometriosis (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: This study supports the concept that regional immunologic dysfunction might be involved in the disease process of various ovarian pathology such as ovarian cancer and endometriosis. A larger study would help in evaluating the potential use of local peritoneal cytokines in differentiating ovarian cancer from other benign pathology, and demonstrating any association between concentrations of cytokines and severity of endometriosis.
Ascitic Fluid* ; Cytokines* ; Endometriosis ; Female ; Humans ; Interleukin-10 ; Interleukin-5 ; Interleukin-6 ; Laparoscopy ; Laparotomy ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Pathology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha