It is well known the CT is very useful in the evaluation of gallbladder carcinoma. We have studied 19 cases of gallbladder carcinoma with whole body scanner from May 1980 to Aug. 1983. 1. The sex distribution were 11 males and 8 females with over 40 years of age. 2. The computed tomographic classificications of the cases were 7 of intraluminal fungating mass(single 5 and multiple 2), 5 of mass filling the gallbladder, 5 of irregular thickened GB and 2 of mixed type, irregular thickned wall and intraluminal fungating mass. 3. CT demonstrated metastasis of other organ, 8 cases of the liver, 5 cases of the extrahepatic bile duct, 3 cases of peritoneum, 2 cases of duodenum, 1 case of the stomach, 1 case of the pancreas, and 15 cases of lymph nodes. 4. Associated diseases were6 cases of gall stone, 2 cases of clonorchiasis, 1 case of pancreatic pseudocyst, and 1 case of renal cyst.
Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic ; Clonorchiasis ; Duodenum ; Female ; Gallbladder ; Gallstones ; Humans ; Liver ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pancreas ; Pancreatic Pseudocyst ; Peritoneum ; Sex Distribution ; Stomach

PURPOSE: The loss of estrogen and progesterone receptors appeats to be associated with a progression to less differentiated and hormone-independent tumors. The gain of hormone independency over time even in estrogen receptor-positive tumors has become another obstacle to endocrine therapy for breast cancer. We tried to regain the hormone dependency in estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer cells by lipofecting estmgen receptor cDNA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The mutant human estrogen receptor cDNA (pSGS-HEO) was lipofected into estrogen receptor-negative human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231, in an attempt to restore their sensitivity to antiestrogen. Then the effects of 17p-estradiol and tamoxifen were studied by counting viable cell numbers after treating the lipofected cell line with either one or together. RESULTS: Culture medium cantaining phenol red, a weak estrogen, has growth advantages compared with culture medium without it. In both culture conditions, cell growth was most profoundly inhibited in 4 days after lipofection with mutant human estrogen receptor cDNA, which was overcome after that day. Tamoxifen, as an antiestrogen, showed a growth inhibitory effect slightly stronger tban combined conditions of tamoxifen and 17- estradiol compared to estrogen-treated group and to control, and the inhibitory effect was lasted 4 days. CONCLUSION: The temporary induction of estrogen receptor by lipofection with pSGS-HEO on estrogen receptor-negative human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 showed negative growth control on these cells by tamoxifen, indicating that liposome-mediated estrogen receptor transfection may be used as a novel therapeutic strategy for hormane independent human breast cancers in the near future.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Cell Count ; Cell Line ; DNA, Complementary ; Estradiol ; Estrogen Receptor Modulators ; Estrogens* ; Genetic Therapy ; Humans* ; Phenolsulfonphthalein ; Receptors, Progesterone ; Tamoxifen ; Transfection

It is well known that the computed tomography(CT) is very useful i the evalutaion of obstructive jaundice. Wehave studied 55 cases of obstructive jaundice with whole body scanner from Jun. 1980 to Jun. 1981. The resultswere as follows; 1. The sex distribution was 36 males and 19 females, and 40 cases of obstructive jaundice wereseen in fifth, sixth, and seventh decades. 2. Causes of obstructive jaundice were 25 cases of pancreas cancer, 8cases of common duct cancer, 4 cases of gall bladder cancer, 4 cases of ampulla vater cancer, 12 cases of commonduct stone, and 2 cases of common duct stricture. 3. Levels of obstruction were 8 cases of hepatic portion, 15cases of suprapancreatic portion, 28 cases of pancreatic portion, and 4 cases of ampullary portion. 4. In tumorouscondition, CT demonstrated metastasis of other organs, 9 cases of the liver, 1 case of the lung, 3 cases of thepancreas, 3 cases of the common bile duct, 1 case of the stomach,and 12 cases of adjacent lymph nodes. 5.Associated diseases were 12 cases of intrahepatic stone. 4 cases of clonorchiasis, 2 cases of pancreas pseudocyst,1 cases of hydronephrosis, and 1 case of renal cyst.
Clonorchiasis ; Common Bile Duct ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Female ; Gallbladder Neoplasms ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Jaundice, Obstructive ; Liver ; Lung ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pancreas ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; Sex Distribution

Authors retrospectively analized the CT findings of mediastinal lesions in surgically or clinically confirmed 37 cases at kosin Medical College during the recent 4 years from Sept. 1979 to Aug. 1983. 1. Among 37 cases, malignant lymphoma were 7 cases, thymoma and vascular lesion or anomaly were 5 cases respectively, benign teratoma and tuberculous mediastinal lymphadentis and neurogenic tumor were 4 cases respectively. pericardial cyst were 2 cases, bronchogenic cyst, non-specific cyst, pancreatic pseudocyst, mesothelioma, Bochdalek hernia was 1 case respectively. 2. The sex ratio between male and female was about 1:1 and the majority of the patients with malignant lymphoma and teratoma was under 20 years old. 3. CT findings of the each mediastinal lesion. 1) Primary mediastinal malignant lymphoma. (1) A large, matted, continuous and midline-crossing mass was observed in the superior and the anterior mediastinums in all cases. (2) In 3 cases, irregular lower densities were seen in the center of the mass, representing the tumor necrosis. (3) CT was also able to show invovlement of other mediastinal lymph nodes and adjacent structures such as pleura, anterior chest wall and lung parenchyma. (4) Involving pleura,homogeneous band-like shadows were seen along the pleura, appearing denser than the associated pleural effusion.(5) Involving lung parenchyma, irregular-shaped nodules and band-llike densities were seen along the courses ofthe bronchi and the vessels. 2) Thyoma. (1) A discrete, soft tissue mass was seen in the superior and the anterior mediastinums(mainly posterior to manubrium and anterior to aortic arch) replacing the normal mediastinal fat. (2)In benign thymoma, the margin of the mass was smooth and the normal fat plane between the mass and the vascular structures was well preserved, but invasive thymoma showed obliteration of the normal fat plane, irregular and ragged tumor-lung interface, and irregular thickening of pleura and pericardium by tumor implantation to thesestructures. (3) The tumors spreaded to only one side of the chest cavity. 3) Teratoma (1) A discrete and smooth marginated mass was seen in anterior mediastinum and it has three or more of different tissue densities among fat,water, soft tissue and calcific densities. (2) 3 cases of teratomas showed the characteristic, thick-walled cystic appearances.
Bronchi ; Bronchogenic Cyst ; Female ; Hernia ; Humans ; Lung ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphoma ; Male ; Manubrium ; Mediastinal Cyst ; Mediastinum ; Mesothelioma ; Necrosis ; Pancreatic Cyst ; Pericardium ; Pleura ; Retrospective Studies ; Sex Ratio ; Teratoma ; Thoracic Wall ; Thorax ; Thymoma

No abstract available.
Cyclotrons*

No abstract available.
Paragonimiasis*

The aim of this stud y was to compare the epidermal thinning properties of four corticosteroid ointments applied under occlusion, using histology and histometry. The results were surnmerized as follows: 1.The stratum corneurn was dramatically thinned, appearing as a wispy layer of horny cells as apposed to the norrnal basket-weave configuration. this effect was prominent at sites treated with clobestasol propionate, fluocinonide, and fluocinolone acetonide. 2. With the histometry, visible epidermal thickness wa.s markedly reduced. This effect w is prominent in the following ascending order: fluocinolone acetonide, fluocienonide, clobestasol-17-propionate. Hydrocortisone was the least atrophogenic. 3. Clohestasol-17-propionate and fluocinonide caused significant flattening of dermo-epidermal junction, Fluocinolone acetonide and hydrocortisone caused less pronounced cbanges. 4. Marked capillary dilation af papilly dermis is caused by clobestasol-17-propionate, fluocinonide and fluocinolone acetonide.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones* ; Atrophy* ; Capillaries ; Dermis ; Diethylpropion ; Epidermis* ; Fluocinolone Acetonide ; Fluocinonide ; Humans* ; Hydrocortisone ; Ointments

No abstract available.
Pressure Ulcer*

The expression of the c-fos and krox-24 (immediate early genes: IEGs) and the BDNF (late response gene) were investigated by convulsants such as kainate (KA, 200 micrometer), N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA, 10 mM), glutamate (GLU, 2 mM), and picrotoxin (PTX, 20 micrometer in the rat C6 glioma cells. In addition, the changes of their expression patterns were investigated by the anticonvulsants such as a NMDA antagonist MK-801, phenytoin, phenobarbiw, diazepam, and newer antiepileptic drugs like felbamate and gabapentin. NMDA induced c-fos and krox-24 expromiom were decreased spatially by the anticonvulsants. KA, NMDA, GLU, and PTX-induced BDNF expression were increased by the anticonvulsants. These results imply the molecular basis of the anticonvulsant action mechanism lies in differential and coordinated transcriptional regulation of IEGs.
Animals ; Anticonvulsants* ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; Convulsants ; Diazepam ; Dizocilpine Maleate ; Genes, Immediate-Early* ; Glioma ; Glutamic Acid ; Kainic Acid ; N-Methylaspartate ; Phenytoin ; Picrotoxin ; Rats

Although the ultrasonography & CT have been regarded as a primary procedure in the differential diagnosis of upper abdominal mass, the CT was more superior in the diagnosis, its extent and relationship to the bowel in the cases of the leiomyosarcoma & leiomyoma of the stomach than those of the ultrasonography. The authors studied CT findings of 9 cases of pathologically proven gastric smooth muscle tumor (leiomyosarcoma 7, leiomyoma 2) during the last two years. The results were as follows: 1. CT findings of gastric leiomyosarcoma were often quite large mass, average 15 cm in diameter; extensive central necrotic or cystic changes were fou nd in all 7 cases, seen more clearly on postcontract scan; calcification and peripheral rim enhancement of the tumor were seen in one case each other. 2. Metastasis to the liver and the spleen was seen only in one case, which revealed centrally necrotic and ascites was found in one case. 3. Two cases of gastric leiomyoma were smaller in size, average 6.3 cm in diameter than those of leiomyosarcomaj central necrotic or cystic changes were less common and less extensive. 4. If there were no evidence of central necrotic or cystic changes in large peri-or juxtagastric tumor, ohe should consider other diagnostic possibilities such as left lobe hepatoma, exophytic stomach cancer, Iymphoma or other mesenchymal tumors than leiomyosarcoma.
Ascites ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Leiomyoma ; Leiomyosarcoma ; Liver ; Muscle, Smooth ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Smooth Muscle Tumor ; Spleen ; Stomach ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Ultrasonography