A survey of the biting midges of the Genus Culicoides was conducted by a joint effort of numerous U.S. and Korean personnel throughout South Korea for seven years from 1965 through 1973 (except 1968, 1971) using New Jersey light traps set up at fifty-nine (59) different locations, to find out the seasonal succession and geographical distribution of the said insects both on an individual species basis and as a whole, and to evaluate the medical significance and epidemiology of these insects. This provides some of the basic knowledge needed for prevention of filarial and virus transmission of diseases owing to these insects. As a result the following results were obtained: Sixteen (16) species hitherto unrecorded were added to the fauna of biting midges known from South Korea. Together with the already recorded fourteen (14) species, this makes the total number of species of these insects in South Korea thirty (30).Through the monthly tabulation of the collected specimens it was possible to find out the general seasonal succession of these insects as well as their sex ratio. Based on the data obtained the geographical distributions of the biting midges of the Genus Culicoides so far recorded in Korea were classified into the following four (4) types: The species which are very widely spread throughout south Korea. The species which are spread in central South Korea and supposed to occur in North Korea. The species which were collected from coastal areas and southern island. The species which were collected from Cheju-do.
parasitology-arthropoda ; midge ; epidemiology ; Culicoides arakawae ; Culicoides circumscriptus ; Culicoides dendrophilus ; Culicoides erairai ; Culicoides homotomus ; Culicoides japonicus ; Culicoides laciocola ; Culicoides nagahanai ; Culicoides nipponense ; Culicoides odibilis ; Culicoides ponkikiri ; Culicoides pulicaris ; Culicoides schultzei ; Culicoides sigaensis ; Culicoides sinanoensis ; Culicoides toyamaruae ; Culicoides sp. ; Culicoides amamiensis ohmorii ; Culicoides clavipalpis ; Culicoides dubius ; Culicoides koreensis ; Culicoides matsuzawai ; Culicoides obsoletus ; Culicoides odiatus ; Culicoides okumensis ; Culicoides omogensis ; Culicoides pictimargo ; Culicoides miharai ; Culicoides saninense ; Culicoides longidens ; Culicoides amamiensis amamiensis

No abstract available.
Uterus*

Motor neuropathy of a lower extremity is well recognized potential complication of procedures performed on patients in a lithotomy position. Mechanisms of nerve injury are unclear but the incidence of perioperative nerve injuries can be reduced if anesthetists are aware of their causes and pathophysiolgies. It is important to note that reduced duration in lithotomy position may reduce the risk of lower extremity neuropathies. We experienced two case of common peroneal nerve palsy after lithotomy positioning. Diagnosis was based on history, a clinical examination and electrophysiologic studies. A neurologic examination revealed hypersthesia over the dorsum of the left foot with inability to perform active dorsiflexion. Electrophysiologic studies showed delayed latency and low amplitude of nerve action potential.
Action Potentials ; Diagnosis ; Foot ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lower Extremity ; Neurologic Examination ; Paralysis* ; Peroneal Nerve*

The tactile DBS and TOF fade evaluated intubation conditions under the neuromuscular blockade induced with vecuronium was studied in 40 cases who were ASA 1 or 2 adult patients. All patients were premedicated with glycopyrrolate 0.2 mg and hydroxyzine 1 mg/kg 1 hour before induction, and inducted with thiopental sodium 5 mg/kg, O2-N2O(50%) and enflurane(2%). The patients were randomly divided to two groups according to the mode of nerve stimulation: TOF group(n=20) and DBS group(n=20). Neuromuscular blockade was monitored by stimulation of the ulnar nerve at the wrist using INNERVATOR(fisher & Paykel Co.). For both stimulation patterns the frequencies of manually detectable fade in the response to stimulation were undetectable fade in both group after vecuronium(0.1mg/kg) injection intravenousely. The response of tracheal intubation was appreciated based on vocal cord reflex, coughing or barking, and jaw relaxation. The time from administration of vecuronium to undetectable fade was 214.2+/-68.5 in TOF group and 250.2+/-51.8 in DBS group but no statistical difference. In addition, intubation conditions in DBS group were little better than in TOF group but it was also no significant. Conclusively, there was no different between TOF and DBS fade to evaluate the intubation conditions under the neuromuscular blockade induced with vecuronium.
Adult ; Cough ; Glycopyrrolate ; Humans ; Hydroxyzine ; Intubation* ; Jaw ; Neuromuscular Blockade ; Neuromuscular Monitoring ; Reflex ; Relaxation ; Thiopental ; Ulnar Nerve ; Vecuronium Bromide* ; Vocal Cords ; Wrist

The tactile DBS and TOF fade evaluated intubation conditions under the neuromuscular blockade induced with vecuronium was studied in 40 cases who were ASA 1 or 2 adult patients. All patients were premedicated with glycopyrrolate 0.2 mg and hydroxyzine 1 mg/kg 1 hour before induction, and inducted with thiopental sodium 5 mg/kg, O2-N2O(50%) and enflurane(2%). The patients were randomly divided to two groups according to the mode of nerve stimulation: TOF group(n=20) and DBS group(n=20). Neuromuscular blockade was monitored by stimulation of the ulnar nerve at the wrist using INNERVATOR(fisher & Paykel Co.). For both stimulation patterns the frequencies of manually detectable fade in the response to stimulation were undetectable fade in both group after vecuronium(0.1mg/kg) injection intravenousely. The response of tracheal intubation was appreciated based on vocal cord reflex, coughing or barking, and jaw relaxation. The time from administration of vecuronium to undetectable fade was 214.2+/-68.5 in TOF group and 250.2+/-51.8 in DBS group but no statistical difference. In addition, intubation conditions in DBS group were little better than in TOF group but it was also no significant. Conclusively, there was no different between TOF and DBS fade to evaluate the intubation conditions under the neuromuscular blockade induced with vecuronium.
Adult ; Cough ; Glycopyrrolate ; Humans ; Hydroxyzine ; Intubation* ; Jaw ; Neuromuscular Blockade ; Neuromuscular Monitoring ; Reflex ; Relaxation ; Thiopental ; Ulnar Nerve ; Vecuronium Bromide* ; Vocal Cords ; Wrist

The muscle relaxants produce a dose-dependent effect that is usually mediated through an interaction between drug concentration in the vicinity of the receptors and receptor occupancy. Unfortunately, neither of these two variables is easy to measure the concentration of a relaxant drug at the neuromuscular junction, especeially in anesthetized humans, so indirect estimates must be made. Therefore, plasma concentration of a relaxant drugs may be taken as a reasonable estimate of the concentration at the effector site related directly to the dose given and of the degree of deporalization at the acetylcholine receptors occupancy. Immediately after the intravenous bolus injection of succinylcholine, there is almost instantaneous mixing into blood and penetrating into the neuromuscular junction and hydrolyzed rapidly by an enzyme within one or two circulation of succinylcholine in the body, and is so rapid that it is generally not detectable with conventional venous blood sampling within one or two minute intervals. This study conform the response of the time related plasma concentration of succinylcholine dose given by nerve stimulation. The twitch response of the adductor pollicis muslce was monitored using supramaximal TOF stimulation of the ulnar nerve at the left wrist by ABM (Datex Co.) and twitch response was recorded from release of tourniquet at 1, 2, 3 and 4 minutes after succinylcholine was given into the right arm after blood flow was occlude with tourniquet at left upper arm (study group) and from administration of succinylcholine without blood flow occlusion (control group). Conclusively the time duration from release of tourniquet 1, 2, 3 and 4 minutes after injection of succinylcholine to 75% T(1) recovery were 73.2%, 31.5%, 15.2% and 0% of the non-occluded arm respectively. Comparing with over 90% depression of twitch height until 4 minute after succinylcholine given, plama concentration at 4 minute after succinylcholine given (study group) did not make any significantly change of twitch height (p>0.05).
Arm ; Depression ; Humans ; Neuromuscular Junction ; Plasma ; Receptors, Cholinergic ; Succinylcholine* ; Tourniquets ; Ulnar Nerve ; Wrist

Haemophilus influenzae type b(Hib) is one of the most common cause of invasive bacterial disease in children. In Korea, However, the proportion occupied by Hib as a cause of pediatric pathogen is less compared to those of western countries. Natural immunity to Haemophilus influenzae type b was determined on 308 Korean children. The titration of antibody to capsular polysaccharide (PRP) was performed by the radioantigen binding assay. Forty percent of the total subjects and 31% of children under 5 years had an antibody level considered to be protective( 0.15 g/ml).Seropositivity was 13.6% in 12~17 month age group, and increased progressively to 19% in 5~10 year age group. In the age groups under 36 months of age, the geometric mean titers of anti-PRP antibody were below the protective level. These data indicate that a lot of Korean children under 5 years of age do not have antibody levels considered to be protective against H. influenzae type b, and do not explain the apparent low risk of Korean children to Hib Further studies including comparative antibody response to polysa-charide and protein antigens with other racial groups are needed.
Antibody Formation ; Child* ; Haemophilus influenzae type b* ; Haemophilus influenzae* ; Haemophilus* ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Influenza, Human ; Korea

PURPOSE: There is no report about psychopathological effect causing by disc herniation. The disease could impose psychopathological influence on the social life, the treatment period, and response to the treatment. This study was to evaluate retrospectively the psychopathological influence of lumbar disc herniation (LDH) among Korean 19-year-old males. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We compared the Korean military multiphasic personality inventory (KMPI) profiles of 74 LDH cases with the KMPI profiles of 150 controls. The LDH groups were categorized to 2 groups according to the presence of thecal sac compression by disc materials, and evaluated the relation between the KMPI and LDH. RESULTS: The decrease of the faking-good response scale and increase of the faking-bad response scale were observed more in the LDH group than in the normal volunteer group (p<0.05). The neurosis set such as anxiety, depression and somatization was markedly increased in the LDH group compared to the normal volunteers group (p<0.05). The scale of personality disorder was also increased more in the LDH group (p=0.002). The differences of KMPI scales were not correlated with the severe pathology of LDH. CONCLUSION: Young male with LDH may tend to have more abnormal results of multiphasic personality inventory test compared to the normal volunteers, suggesting that LDH may be related to the psychopathology in young males in Korea. Therefore, clinicians are recommended to evaluate and treat the psychopathological aspects in patients with LDH.
Adolescent ; Anxiety ; Case-Control Studies ; Depression ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement/*psychology ; Lumbar Vertebrae/pathology ; Male ; *Personality Assessment ; Personality Inventory ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUND: Arthroscopic shoulder surgery is often associated with severe postoperative pain. It is important to control pain in this setting, not only to improve the patient's well-being but also to facilitate rehabilitation. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of a continuous suprascapular nerve block for pain relief after arthroscopic shoulder surgery. METHODS: Forty patients (20 in each group) scheduled for elective arthroscopic shoulder surgery received a suprascapular nerve block and a catheter was introduced before surgery. The patients were received standardized general anesthesia. After surgery, a single bolus of normal saline (Group I) or 0.2% ropivacaine (Group II) 6 ml was injected through a catheter in each group. All patients received either a continuous infusion of normal saline (Group I) or a continuous infusion of 0.2% ropivacaine (Group II) through the catheter at a rate of 3 ml/hr plus a bolus of 3 ml with a lock out time of 30 min. Pain relief was assessed at 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 hours using visual analog scale (VAS) and verbal pain scores (VPS). RESULTS: VAS and VPS were lower in the ropivacaine group (Group II) than in the normal saline group (Group I). There were no complication in either group. CONCLUSIONS: Continuous suprascapular nerve block using 0.2% ropivacaine is a safe and efficacious treatment for postoperative shoulder pain.
Anesthesia, General ; Catheters ; Humans ; Nerve Block* ; Pain, Postoperative ; Rehabilitation ; Shoulder Pain ; Shoulder* ; Visual Analog Scale

PURPOSE: To investigate the influence of sensory impairment and vascular insufficiency on the development and treatment of diabetic foot lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From July 1995 to June 1997, 25 subjects with diabetic foot lesions were treated with an average follow-up of 19.6 months (range, 12-35 months). Sensory evaluation was performed with the Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments and a 256 cycles-per-second tuning fork, Vascular testing was performed with IMEXLAB 9,000 workstation in 24 of 25 subjects. RESULTS: In 22 of 25 patients, they could not perceive 5.07 monofilament and also could not feel vibration. In 6 patients, the vascular flow was normal, and there were mild insufficiency in 10 patients and severe insufficiency in 8 patients. The degree of vascular insufficiency correlated with the severity of the lesion (Wagner classification) and also with the result of the treatment. Despite severe vascular insufficiencies, foot lesions could be treated by forefoot amputations in 7 of 8 patients. Overall there were 9 recurrences after initial healing. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that it is essential to educate patients on taking care of their foot because most of them do not have protective sensation. Vascular insufficiency may be related to the severity of the lesions and the result of treatment. We have to pay continuous attention to these patients for early detection of recurrence after initial treatment of the foot lesions.
Amputation ; Diabetic Foot* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Foot ; Humans ; Ischemia* ; Recurrence ; Sensation ; Vibration