One of the important anesthetic problems is cross-infection in anesthetic machines in operating rooms. This study is an attempt to determine the transfer of organisms through anesthetic apparatus. The bacteriological experiments were based on selective culture with blood agar media(Difco, U.S.A.) in the operating theater, recovery room and in anesthetic apparatus which was either sterilized with chemicals or without sterilization. Furthermore, nasopharyngeal culture also determined in normal healthy patients. The hypersensitivity test was performed by Kolmer's method. The results are as follows; 1) Most of the organisms in the operating room were Staphylococcus and Baeillus subtilis, (table 1.) 2) Bacteriological examination of unsterilized anesthetic acessories showed Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and Gram negative bacillus. (table 2) The sterilizaiton of anesthetic apparatus with Benzalkonium chloride solution for 40 minutes was superior to that with our standard Sterilized solution for one and half hours. (table 3.) 3) The majority of colonies responded to Albamycine, Erythromycine, Kanamycine and Achromycine. (table4, 4-a.) 4) Strep.nonhemolyticus (37.0%) was the most common bacterial flora of the nasopharynx isolated from healthy persons. (table 5.) In conclusion, it is most important to check the bacteriological examination of operating roon s and anesthetic apparatus at regular intervals and to clean hands before and after anesthesia.
Agar ; Anesthesia ; Bacillus ; Benzalkonium Compounds ; Erythromycin ; Hand ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Kanamycin ; Nasopharynx ; Operating Rooms ; Recovery Room ; Staphylococcus ; Sterilization ; Streptococcus ; Tetracycline

BACKGROUND: Treatment of distal humerus fractures in osteoporotic elderly patients is often challenging. For non-reconstructible fractures with open reduction and internal fixation, total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) is an acceptable alternative. However, the relatively high complication rates and lifelong activity restrictions make TEA less ideal for elderly or low-demand patients. Efforts to identify or develop alternate procedures that benefit relatively young, high-demand patients have resulted in increased interest in hemiarthroplasty. This systematic review reports the clinical outcomes of hemiarthroplasty for distal humeral fractures. METHODS: We systematically reviewed the databases of PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library. All English-language studies published before June 2017 were considered for possible inclusion. Search terms included ‘distal humerus fracture’ and ‘hemiarthroplasty’. Studies reporting outcomes (and a minimum of 1 year clinical follow-up) in human subjects after hemiarthroplasty (Latitude system) for distal humeral fractures were assessed for inclusion. Patient demographics, clinical and radiographic outcomes, and complications were recorded, and homogenous outcome measures were analyzed. RESULTS: Nine studies with a total of 115 patients met the inclusion criteria. Among the included studies, the weighted mean follow-up time was 35.4 months. Furthermore, the weighted mean of the postoperative range of motion (107.6° flexion-extension, 157.5° for pronation-supination) and functional outcomes (Mayo elbow performance scores: 85.8, Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score: 19.6) were within the acceptable range. CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicates that hemiarthroplasty is a viable option for comminuted distal humerus fracture. Satisfactory functional outcomes were observed in most patients.
Aged ; Arm ; Arthroplasty ; Demography ; Elbow ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hand ; Hemiarthroplasty ; Humans ; Humeral Fractures ; Humerus ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Shoulder ; Tea