Transsphenoidal microsurgery has become a major approach for removal of pituitary adenomas. Due to the anatomic differences of skull base between Chinese and foreigners and the different experience of surgeons, the pre- and post-operation managements of the operation are different. From 1982 to 2002, a total of 1 047 patients received transsphenoidal removal of pituitary adenomas in our hospital and gained satisfactory outcomes. This article summarizes our experience on 1 047 patients and discusses some relevant problems, including the diagnostic standards of adenoma size, surgery indications, the apoplexy operation, the re-operation for recurrent cases, management of complications, post-operation radiotherapy, and the anatomy of sphenoidal sinus and sellar area, hoping to improve the successful rate of the operation.

Adult ; Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Lineage ; Embryo, Mammalian ; cytology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; cytology ; Humans ; Pluripotent Stem Cells ; cytology ; Regeneration ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; Tissue Engineering ; methods

AIM:To compare the short-term and long-term curative effect between two implantation methods for treating refractory glaucoma.METHODS:A total of 150 patients with refractory glaucoma (150 eyes) were divided into Group A (treated by implantation with Ex-press glaucoma drainage device) and Group B (treated by implantation with Ahmed glaucoma valve) according to different implantation methods.Changes of intraocular pressure and anti-glaucoma drugs at different time points, the success rate of surgery, improvement of visual acuity and complications were compared between the two groups.RESULTS:The intraocular pressure of two groups at 1d, 1wk, 3, 6 and 12mo after surgery was significantly lower than that before surgery (P<0.05).The intraocular pressure of Group A at 3, 6 and 12mo after surgery was significantly lower than that of Group B, while anti-glaucoma drugs at 6 and 12mo after surgery were significantly fewer than those in Group B at the same time point (P<0.05).There were no significant differences between the two groups in 12-month success rate of operation, improvement rate of visual acuity and incidence of postoperative complications (P>0.05).CONCLUSION:The effects of implantation with Ex-press glaucoma drainage device are similar to those of implantation with Ahmed glaucoma valve in the treatment of refractory glaucoma.However, the intraocular pressure control effect of the former is better than the latter, and used anti-glaucoma drugs are fewer.

Solid state fermentation involves the growth of microorganisms on moist solid substrates in the absence of free flowing water. It has gained considerable attention of late years due to its several advantages over submerged fermentation. This paper mainly introduces the characteristics and mathematical models of solid state fermentation and summarizes the development situation of various bioreactors, the design standards and applications.

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Meridians ; Middle Aged ; Moxibustion ; Urticaria ; therapy ; Young Adult

Objective: To study the correlation between the expressions of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and centromere protein-W (CENP-W) in glioma tissues and cells. Methods: The expressions of HIF-1α and CENP-W in high-grade glioma tissues, low-grade glioma tissues and adjacent normal brain tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry, then the relationships of these two proteins' expressions with the clinicopathologic features of patients with glioma were investigated, and the correlation between the expressions of HIF-1α and CENP-W was analyzed. After using cobalt dichloride to inhibit the degradation of HIF-1a protein in glioma U251cells, the expressions of CENP-W mRNA and protein were detected by realtime fluorescene-based quantitative PCR (RFQ-PCR) and Western blotting, respectively. After transfection with the specific small interference RNA (siRNA) targeting HIF-1α gene to down-regulate the expression of HIF-1a in U251cells, the changes of CENP-W mRNA and protein levels were detected by RFQ-PCR and Western bloting, respectively. After transfection with the specific siRNA targeting CENP-W gene to down-regulate the expression of CENP-W in U251cells, the changes of HIF-1a mRNA and protein levels were detected by RFQ-PCR and Western bloting, respectively. Results: The expression levels of HIF-1a and CENP-W in glioma tissues were significantly higher than those in normal brain tissues (P < 0.05). The expression levels of these two proteins were positively correlated with the pathological grade of glioma (P < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between the expression levels of HIF-1a and CENP-W (r = 0.709, P < 0.05). After the inhibition of HIF-1α protein degradation by cobalt dichloride, the mRNA and protein expressions of HIF-1a and CENP-W were significantly up-regulated in glioma U251cells (P < 0.01). The expressions of CENP-W mRNA and protein were down-regulated when the expression of HIF-1a in U251cells was suppressed by siRNA targeting HIF-1α gene (P < 0.01). But the expression levels of HIF-1a mRNA and protein had no changes in U251cells when the expression of CENP-W was suppressed by siRNA targeting CENP-W gene (P >0.05). Conclusion: Both of HIF-1α and CENP-W expressions are positively correlated with the pathological grade of glioma. HIF-1α can regulate the expression of CENP-W.

Objective To analyze the independent factors affecting the prognosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumor(GIST) patients undergoing radical operation.Methods The clinical characteristics and follow up data of the 97 patients with GIST underwent radical opsration from January,2001 to January,2003 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed by univariate and multivariate methods.Results In the univariate analysis of the 97 cases,gender,tumor location,tumor size,tumor cell type,necrosis,mitotic count,and Gleevec administration postoperatively were found to be related to the prognosis of GIST.Multivariate Cox model analysis showed that tumor location,tumor size,tumor cell type,necrosis,mitotic count,and Gleevec administration postoperatively were independent prognostic factors for patients with GIST.Conclusions Tumor location,tumor size,tumor cell type,necrosis,mitotic count are important prognostic factors for patients with GIST undergoing radical operation.

This study aimed to analyze the etiology of the encephalitis outbreak in Longyan, Fujian Province, China in 2010, in order to provide valuable information for this prevention and control of this disease. Pathogens were confirmed from cerebrospinal fluid samples with fluorescent RT-PCR, virus isolation (RD cells), and neutralization tests. Then, the VP1 fragments or whole genome nucleotide sequences were determined for four virus strains using PCR. Homology was assessed using the MegAlign software, and a phylogenetic evolutionary tree was drawn using Mega 4.0 software. The results confirmed that the etiology of the outbreak was the ECHO6 intestinal virus, and the nucleotide sequence of the VP1 segment indicated that the C2 subtype was responsible. The genome sequence consisted of 7407 nucleotides, and resembled the genome of other ECHO and CoxB viruses with homology levels of 78.5%-87.3%. The encephalitis outbreak in Longyan in 2010 was caused by the ECHO6 C2 subtype intestinal virus, and its complete genome sequence length is similar to the standard strain (U16283) with a sequence homology of 80.4%.
Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Echovirus 6, Human ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Echovirus Infections ; epidemiology ; virology ; Encephalitis ; epidemiology ; virology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny

BACKGROUND:Since cannulated screw has been applied to femoral neck fracture, it is not uncommon that the screw wear penetrates or refunds. What factors affect the stability of cannulated screw for treatment of femoral neck fractures in adults remains unclear. ＜br> OBJECTIVE:To explore factors related to internal fixation failure by cannulated screws in treatment of adult femoral neck fracture and improve the stability of the adult femoral neck fracture by cannulated screws. ＜br> METHODS:A total of 92 adult patients of femoral neck fracture were treated by cannulated screws in our department between June 2007 and June 2011. Their data were retrospectively analyzed. According to clinical information and fol ow-ups, we selected factors such as age, gender, Garden type of fracture, preoperative skeletal traction, timing of surgery, Garden index, standards of pedicle screws, pedicle screw shapes, partial weight bearing time and postoperative complications, which may affect the success rate of cannulated screws for ＜br> treating femoral neck fracture. The selected factors were then grouped and assigned, after unrelated factors were excluded by one-way χ2 analysis, multiariable Logistic regression analysis was performed. ＜br> RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The involved 92 patients were fol owed up for 18-72 months. According to Harris assessment criteria, hip function was excellent in 28 cases, good in 25 cases, fair in 17 cases, and poor in 22 cases at the final fol ow-up, the excellent and good rate was 58%. Radiographic results showed that, the patients were divided into two groups according to the presence of the displacement, GardenⅠ (n=22) and GardenⅡ (n=29) as a group, and Garden Ⅲ (n=25) and Garden Ⅳ (n=16) as the other group, the fixation failure rate was 12%and 39%, respectively. In normol and abnormal Garden Index groups, the fixation failure rate was 16%and 59%, respectively. In nail position standards and non-attainment standards groups, the fixation failure rate was 19%and 70%, respectively. In the complication and non-complication groups, the fixation failure rate was 14%and 55%, respectively. These factor groups showed significant differences (P＜0.05). Multiariable Logistic regression analysis showed that, Garden type of fracture, Garden index, standards of pedicle screws, and postoperative complications are the risk factors for internal fixation failure using cannulated screws in treatment of the adult femoral neck fracture.

Objective To evaluate the quality coherence of commercial Angelicae Dahuricae Radix (Baizhi) decoction pieces. Methods The samples of 12 batches of commercial decoction pieces, 1 batch of sulphur fumigated Baizhi, and 1 batch of naturally dried Baizhi were collected. HPLC method was used to determine the fingerprints and the contents of imperatorin and isoimperatorin by C18 column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) with a gradient mobile phase of acetonitrile-water solution system at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The column temperature was set at 35 ℃, and the max plot of detection wavelength was in 210-800 nm. Similarity calculation was used to analyze the data. Results The HPLC fingerprint analysis method was established with 12 common peaks. The similarities of 12 batches of commercial decoction pieces of Baizhi were 0.840-0.973. Their similarities compared with the sulphur fumigated Baizhi were 0.672-0.908. Compared with naturally dried Baizhi, the similarities of fingerprint were 0.536-0.684. The contents of imperatorin and isoimperatorin in 12 batches of commercial decoction pieces were 0.035%-0.140% and 0.028%-0.069%, respectively. Conclusion The quality of Baizhi decoction pieces was consistent. It can be speculated that Baizhi decoction pieces were processed with sulphur fumigation.