No abstract available.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging*

No abstract available.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging*

BACKGROUND: Many studies on the outcome of endoscopic sinus surgery(ESS) reported that patients' symptoms were much improved but surgeons were not so satisfied with endoscopic and radiologic findings postoperatively. One of the reasons may be that it is hard to manage diffuse poyposis(DP) within the maxillary sinus(MS) sufficiently with preexisting techniques. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to introduce a new surgical technique of managing DP and antrochoanal polyp(ACP) within MS using a microdebrider in ESS and to evaluate the surgical outcome with our preliminary results prospectively. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Symptoms, endoscopic and computed tomographic(CT) findings were evaluated in 10 patients with 18 MS's with the mucosa showing DP and six ACP patients, who underwent ESS and were followed up over six months after surgery in our department from November, 1995 through October, 1996. RESULTS: Of the patients with DP, 88.9%, 77.8% and 75.0% reported an improvement in symptoms of nasal obstruction(NO), rhinorrhea and postnasal drip(PND) respectively, and endoscopic and CT findings were improved in 77.8% and 88.9% of the 18 MS's with DP. Improvement in NO, rhinorrhea and PND was observed in 100.0%, 100.0% and 80.0% of the six ACP patients respectively, and both endoscopic and CT findings were improved in 100.0% of the six MS's with ACP. CONCLUSION: This surgical technique using a microdebrider is effective in management of DP and ACP within MS's in ESS.
Humans ; Maxillary Sinus* ; Mucous Membrane ; Polyps* ; Prospective Studies

Chemotherapeutic agents were evaluated for their effect on the development of urinary bladder tumors, induced by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN) in female Sprague-Dawley rats. For 16 weeks, 0.05% BBN was administered orally, and then chemotherapeutic agents (adriamycin and cisplatin) were injected intraperitoneally for 12 weeks. In our preliminary experimental series, an experimental bladder tumor model induced by BBN was useful in evaluating the effectiveness of chemotherapeutic agents. Cisplatin appears to be effective in inhibiting precancerous histologic changes and carcinoma in rat urinary bladder mucosa by BBN. However, the effectiveness of adriamycin was inconclusive.
Animals ; Carcinogenesis* ; Cisplatin ; Doxorubicin ; Female ; Humans ; Injections, Intraperitoneal* ; Mucous Membrane ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder*

This study was conducted to investigate plasma levels of oral methotrexate in rabbits and children receiving maintenance chemotherapy for acute lymphocytic leukemia. Eight New Zealand white rabbits, weighing 2kg in body weight, were divided into 3 groups and 5mg of methotrexate from 3 different manufactorying company was administered to the each group rabbits via nasogastric tube. Time to peak concentration ranged from 30 minutes to 3 hours (mean 1.2+/-0.9 hour)and the peak plasma concentration ranged from 0.08 micro M to 0.21micron M(mean 0.14+/-0.05 micronM)and area under the plasma concentration-time curve ranged from 0.6micron M.hr to 1.66micron M,hr (mean 1.06+/-0.36micronM,hr). There were no statistically significant difference in AUC of methotrexate in 3 groups, but interindividual variability in plasma levels of methotrexate was noted. Twelve patients with ALL who were receiving maintenance chemotherapy at pediatric department of Yeungnam University Hospital from August, 1988 to August, 1991 were studied. Plasma levels of oral methotrexale were monitored following an oral dose of 3.3 mg~10mg/m2 which was modified from recommended dose of 10 mg/m2 due to hepatotoxicity or myelosuppression. Time to peak concentration ranged from 30 minutes to 2 hours(mean 1.2+/-0.4 hour) and the peak plasma concentration ranged from 0.34 micron M to 0.8 micron M (mean 0.58+/-0.18micron M). The area under the plasma concentration-time curve ranged from 1.25micron M,hr to 3.79 micronM,hr (mean 2.71+/-0.84microM,hr)while standard area under the plasma concentration-time curve ranged from 0.13micronM, hr/mg/m2 to 0.54micronM, hr/mg/m2 (mean0.4+/-0.15micronM hr/mg/m2).Interindividual variability in plasma levels following an oral dose of methotrexate was noted. Peak plasma concentrations of study patients were all less than 1 micronM which is necessary for antileukemic effect of methotrexate in vitro. It seems to be necessary to increase the dose of methotrexate for all study patients, however optimal dose increment of methotrexate avoiding hepatotoxicity and myelosuppression need to be investigated further and measurement of plasma level of methotrexate is recommended when dose modification of methotrexate is made.
Area Under Curve ; Body Weight ; Child* ; Humans ; Maintenance Chemotherapy* ; Methotrexate* ; Pharmacology ; Plasma* ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma* ; Rabbits

The aims of the our study are investigation of the average value of the refraction, anterior chamber depth(ACD), axial length(AL), and the interrelationship of refraction, ACD, AL, weight and height of normal newborn infant. Objects of this study are 236 eyes of 118 normal newborn infants that have been examined with retinoscope under the cycloplegia and the axial length and anterior chamber depth have been measured by ultrasonogram. And so we gained following results. The average value of refraction(+1.85 +/- 1.86D), the average value of the AL(17.5 +/- 0.68mm) and the average value of ACD(2.62 +/- 0.21mm) did not show significant difference between male and female newborn infants. The correlation coefficient between AL and ACD. refraction and AL, weight and AL, and height and AL were 0.326(P<0.001), -0.305(0.0010.1).
Anterior Chamber* ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Male ; Retinoscopes ; Ultrasonography

Carbamylated hemoglobin (CarHb) is formed by the reaction of hemoglobin with cyanate derived from the spontaneous dissociation of in vivo urea. Previous studies have shown that formation of CarHb depends upon both the severity and the duration of renal failure. To study the clinical significances of CarHb in Korean patients with chronic renal failure, we measured CarHb levels by high-performance liquid chromatography in 159 CRF patients and 46 normal controls. Patients with CRF had a higher CarHb concentration than normal controls (107.9+/-58.8 vs 35.1+/-14.2 microgramVH/gHb; P<0.001). In patients with CRF, nondialysis group had a higher value than dialysis group (129.8+/-77.9 vs 98.7+/-46.1 microgramVH/gHb; P<0.05). There were no siginificant difference in CarHb levels between hemodialysis (92.0+/-35.8microgramVH/gHb) and peritoneal dialysis (106.7+/-55.3microgramVH/gHb) groups. CarHb levels were not different between diabetic and nondiabetic patients in predialysis and hemodialysis groups. Although there was a significant difference in peritoneal dialysis group, the BUN levels were also lower in diabetic patients than nondiabetic patients. There were no correlation between CarHb and HbA1c percentage in patients with diabetes. CarHb levels were positively correlated with BUN (r=0.489; P<0.001) and creatinine (r=0.458; P<0.01) concentrations. There were negative correlations between CarHb and both Kt/V (r=-0.358; P<0.05) and URR (r=-0.415; P<0.05) in hemodialysis patients. In conclusion, CarHb may be a useful index of uremic control in patients with chronic renal failure, and are independent of the mode of dialysis and the presence of diabetes.
Chromatography, Liquid ; Creatinine ; Dialysis ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic* ; Peritoneal Dialysis ; Renal Dialysis ; Renal Insufficiency ; Urea

The application of stereotactic techniques and endoscopy dates back to the beginning of this century and is almost as old as neurosurgery itself. However, endoscopic techniques progressed slowly for several reasons. A reappraisal of endoscopic techniques become popular about 1985. The major indication of endoscope in neurosurgical field is intraventricular procedures. Recently it can be used selectively in the intraaxial mass lesion associated cavity. For example, cystic mass, with liquefied necrosis, blood clot can be approached with endoscope. Authors present its intraaxial application in basal ganglionic hematoma in three patients. Conventional stereotactic guidance of neuroendoscope was done and the hematoma was gently removed through continuous irrigation and suction under video-guidance. The clinical course was uneventful. Brief overview is given of this intraaxial neuroendoscopic procedure.
Endoscopes ; Endoscopy ; Ganglion Cysts* ; Hematoma* ; Humans ; Necrosis ; Neuroendoscopes ; Neurosurgery ; Stereotaxic Techniques ; Suction

Mechanical obstruction of the common hepatic duct includes the following causes; choledocholithiasis, sclerosis, cholangitis, pancreatic carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, postoperative stricture, primary hepatic duct carcinoma, enlarged cystic duct lymph nodes, and metastatic nodal involvement of the porta hepatis. Partial mechanical obstruction of the common hepatic duct caused by impaction of stones and inflammation surrounding the vicinity of the neck of the gallbladder had been reported on the “syndrome del conducto hepatico” in 1948 by Mirizzi. Nowadays, this disease was named by Mirizzi syndrome. Mrizzi syndrome is a rare entity of common hepatic duct obstruction that results from an inflammatory response secondary to a gallstone impacted in the cystic duct or neck of the gallbladder. It results from an almost parallel course and low insertion of the cystic duct into the common hepatic duct. In a variant of Mirizzi's syndrome, the cause of the common hepatic duct obstruction was a primary cystic duct carcinoma rather than gallstone disease. A 71-year-old man was admitted with a four-day history of right upper quadrant abdominal pain. Past medical history was unremarkable. On physical examination, the patient had a temperature of 38℃, icteric sclera and right upper quadrant tenderness. Pertinent laboratory findings included WBC 18,000/cm3; albumin 2.6 g/dl (normal 0-1) with the direct bilirubin, 4.4 mg/dl (normal 0-0.4). Ultrasonography revealed a dilated extrahepatic biliary tree. ERCP showed that the superior margin was angular and more consistent with a calculus causing partial CHD obstruction (Mirizzi syndrome). At surgery a diseased gallbladder containing calculi was found. In addition, there was two calculi partially eroding through the proximal portion of the cystic duct and compressing the common hepatic duct. A cholecystectomy and excision of common bile duct was performed, with Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. The postoperative course was uneventful.
Abdominal Pain ; Aged ; Biliary Tract ; Bilirubin ; Calculi ; Cholangiocarcinoma ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Cholangitis ; Cholecystectomy ; Choledocholithiasis ; Common Bile Duct ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Cystic Duct ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 ; Gallbladder ; Gallstones ; Hepatic Duct, Common ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Jaundice, Obstructive ; Lymph Nodes ; Mirizzi Syndrome* ; Neck ; Physical Examination ; Sclera ; Sclerosis ; Ultrasonography

Photorefraction was performed in 96 cases(191 eyes) after instillation of tropicamide and cyclopentolate for the purpose of screening procedure. And then refraction was also carried out by retinoscope. From this comparison study, phtorefraction provided data which were very close to those obtained from the conventional retinoscopy.
Cyclopentolate ; Mass Screening ; Retinoscopes ; Retinoscopy ; Tropicamide