BACKGROUND: Although warts are known to be caused by viruses, one of their peculiarities is that they may be treated by suggestion therspy or hypnosis. This suggests that psychologic or emotional factors influence the hosts response to the virus lesions. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to analyze the role of psychologic factors in the therapeutic response of warts. METHODS: The self-concept scale test(Korean Testing Center) was done in all 61 patients with common wsrts before the cryot.herapy from September 1991 to June 1993. Clinical follow-up data were obtained on 50 patients after 2 months, and then were evaluated usir g the self-eoncept scale in treated vs untreated group. RESULTS: 1. The overall cure rate was 56.0%, being higher in females and patients with high education, 1-3 in number of lesions and no previous treatment history as well as in those with less than 1 year of duration. 2. In the comparison of self-concept scale between treated(n=18) and untreated(n=22) groups, the treated group had remarksble results in moral ethical self, personal self and family self scores (p<0.05). Only 14 items were significantly different between two groups(p<0.05 by Wilcoxon rank sum test). 3. Patients of 20 years or more showed a high cure rate(67.79%, p<0.05 by t-test) and demonstrated significance in total positive self score and its self identity, and satisfaction, self behavior, physical self, moral ethical self and family self scores(p<0.05, by t-test). CONCLUSION: The self-cancept significantly related to the positive aersonality, harmonious family, stable self-esteem and high normal ethics, may influence at least the therapy to the warts in the treated patients in contradistintion to the untreated ones.
Cryotherapy* ; Education ; Ethics ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypnosis ; Warts*

Estrous cycle -related histological and histochemical changes in the vaginal epithelium of mature female rats were studied with PAS (periodic acid Schiff) alcian blue pH 2.5 and biotinylated lectins (DBA, SBA, PNA, BSL -1, sWGA, UEA -1, RCA -1, Con A and LCA).The prominent characteristic changes that occured during the estrous cycle were mucinous transformation in proestrus and cornification in estrus. In proestrus, the superficial mucinous cells of the epithelium were increased in number and enlarged in size, and the amount of acid and neutral mucosubstances was more increase in proestrus than in diestrus and metestrus. About the binding pattern of all lectins examined to the superficial mucinous cells, in diestrus, the binding pattern of these cells showed a similar affinity as in metestrus with intense DBA and UEA -1 reactivity. In proestrus, however, these cells were reactive with seven lectins examined except LCA and PNA, and DBA, SBA, BSL -1, RCA -1 and UEA -1 reacted more strongly than in diestrus and metestrus. In estrus, the superficial cornified cell layers showed a weak reactivity of SBA, BSL -1 and PNA. In diestrus and metestrus, the mucinous cells in the intermediate layers of the basal portion of vaginal fold stained with eight lectins examined except LCA and showed the same binding pattern to the superficial mucinous cells. About the distribution of glycoconjugates in the intermediate layer, the upper spindle cells showed different binding pattern according to the estrous stages. In diestrus, estrus, and metestrus, these cells showed a affinity for all lectins examined. In proestrus, however, DBA and PNA staining were not observed, and stained more intensely with sWGA, SBA and UEA -1, and less intensely with BSL -1 and RCA - 1. In estrus, DBA and PNA reactivity reappeared as trace, and RCA -1 and sWGA reactivity increased. In metestrus, sWGA reactivity reduced and BSL -1 and UEA -1 increased continually. The lower rounded cells of the intermediate layers stained with all lectins examined in estrus, with six lectins examined except Con A, DBA and UEA -1 in proestrus and with five lectins examined except DBA, UEA -1, sWGA and BSL -1 in diestrus and metestrus. BSL -1 reactivity for the layers increased in proestrus, estrus and metestrus, and PNA reactivity increased in estrus and reduced in metestrus. The basal layer of the vaginal epithelium showed different binding pattern to the different portion of vagina, and showed faint staining of BSL -1, SBA and RCA -1, and moderately staining of BSL -1 in proestrus and estrus. In conclusion, alpha /-N -acetyl -D -galactosamine, alpha /-D -galactose and alpha -L -fucose participate in the mucinous transformation of the vaginal epithelium, and beta -N -acetyl -D -glucosamine participates in the cornification of the vaginal epithelium.
Alcian Blue ; Animals ; Diestrus ; Epithelium* ; Estrous Cycle* ; Estrus ; Female ; Glycoconjugates ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Lectins ; Metestrus ; Mucins ; Proestrus ; Rats* ; Vagina

We report a case of hereditary trichilemmal cyst with proliferating trichilemmal tumor in a 64-year-oid man, who has generalized 157, variable sized firm cutaneous nodules for 40 years. The cystic nodules are chiefly located on the scalp and trunk which showed characteristic histopathologieal findings of trichilemmal cyst and proliferating trichilemmal tumors. His son also has multiple trichilemmal cysts and his mother seems to have had clinically similar lesions. The patient and his son were treated with surgical excision and therapeutic trial of oral isotretinoin for 2 months. Isotretionoin was ineffective in the patient, but the lesions of his son were decreased in size.
Humans ; Isotretinoin ; Mothers ; Scalp

It is well known that Bowen's.disease, a precancerous dermatosis can be associated with internal malignancy. We report 2 cases of Bowen's disease of probable arsenic origin associated with. internal malignancies. Case one, a 55 year-old man, who had the past history of arsenic intake and herb medication for the treatment of suspicious leprosy, had Bowen's disease and arsenical keratosis on his palms and soles with bronchogenic and stomach carcinoma. The other case, a 65 year-old man, who had history of intake of arsenic and herb medicine for epilepsy, had Bowen's disease and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin with stomach cancer. We suggest that in these 2 cases, the ingestion of organic arsenics might be the causative factor for the internal malignancy.
Aged ; Arsenic ; Bowen's Disease* ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Eating ; Epilepsy ; Humans ; Keratosis ; Leprosy ; Middle Aged ; Skin ; Skin Diseases ; Stomach ; Stomach Neoplasms

In an attempt to investigate the role of endogenous opiate in the changes of regional cerebral flow(rCBF) in intracerrebral hematoma(ICH), an experimental model of ICH was induced in the cat. Forty adult cats were divided into four groups, saline-treated normal control group(10 cats), saline-treated ICH group(10 cats) and naloxone-treated ICH group(10 cats) respectively. The ICH was induced in the right frontal region stereotactically with the autogenous arterial blood(1.5ml). The rCBF measurements done by hydrogen clearance method were carried out in each cat immediately, 20 min, 40 min, 60 min, 80 min, 100 min, 120 min, 140 min, and 160 min following ICH induction, and naloxone(10 mg/kg) was intravenously administered immediately, 60 min and 120 min after ICH induction. ICH induction resulted in increases of mean arterial blood pressure(MABP) and intracranial pressure(ICP) and decrease of rCBF of the ipsilateral hemisphere. Naloxone did not modify the pattern of MABP and ICP changes, however it transiently increased rCBF, every time the drug was administered in naloxone-treated control group and from 60 min following ICH induction in naloxone-treated ICH group. The animals were sacrificed 180 min after ICH induction and the brains were sliced and prepared with Evans Blue, which revealed no significant mass effect, midline shift or perifocal brain edema. It is concluded that the decrease of rCBF in ICH could be influenced by endogenous opiates and naloxone could improve decreased rCBF in ICH without increase of MABP or decrease of ICP.
Adult ; Animals ; Brain ; Brain Edema ; Cats* ; Evans Blue ; Hematoma* ; Humans ; Hydrogen ; Models, Theoretical ; Naloxone* ; Opioid Peptides

BACKGROUND: More than 90% of acute stroke patients have measurable cardiovascular sequelae, but we have been often overlooked in formal discussions of treatment. If we estimate the incidence of myocardial injury in patient with spontaneous SAH, we may figure the possibility of cardiac dysfunction in such patients. This study was designed to investigate the incidence of myocardial injury in patients with spontaneous SAH using cardiac troponin I(cTnI). METHODS: A prospective single emergency center study was performed to determined preoperative incidence of unrecognized cardiac injury in patients suffering spontaneous SAH. We include the spontaneous SAH patients who underwent serum measurements of the cardic troponin I immediately upon admission last six month period. ECG, CK, CK-MB and myoglobin were also performed at admission. We excluded the spontaneous SAH patients who had past history of myocardial ischemia and ECG abnormality. RESULTS: Fifty-two patients(34 females, 18 males) with spontaneous SAH were studied prospectively. 18 patients(34.6% of the total study population) had cTnI level above 0.5ng/ml. ECG was performed in 52 patients and was abnormal in 15 of the 52 patients(28.8%). CONCLUSION: The measurement of cTnI has provided physicians with a myocardial marker that has a cardiac sensitivity for cardiac injury equal to that of CK-MB yet with greater specificity. So, cardiac troponin I is useful to estimate the incidence of myocardial injury in patients with spontaneous SAH. And we may estimate the possibility of cardiac dysfunction in such patients. This knowledge will hopefully aid in the care and improve the outcome.
Electrocardiography ; Emergencies ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence* ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Myoglobin ; Prospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Stroke ; Troponin I* ; Troponin*

PURPOSE: The present study was aimed to evaluate the level of cortical bone strain during the placement of an implant. The primary concern was to investigate if the extent of overloading area near the marginal bone could be affected by microthread fabricated at the cervical 1/3 of an implant. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three dimensional finite element analysis was used to simulate the insertion of 3 implants. Control model was 4.1 x 10 mm implant (Submerged model, Dentis Co,, Daegu, Korea) equipped with a main thread only. Type I was with main thread and microthread, and Type II had similar thread pattern but was of tapered body. A PC-based finite element software (DEFORM 3D ver 5, SFTC, Columbus, OH, USA) was used to calculate a total of 3,600 steps of analysis, which simulated the whole insertion. RESULTS: Results showed that the strain field in the marginal bone within 1 mm of the implant wall was higher than 4,000 micro-strain in the control model. The size of bone overloading was 1-1.5 mm in Type I, and greater than 2 mm in Type II implants. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the marginal bone may be at the risk of resorption on receiving the implant for all 3 implant models studied. Yet, the risk was greater for Type I and Type II implants, which had microthread at the cervical 1/3.
Finite Element Analysis ; Sprains and Strains

For the evaluation of the left ventricular diastolic function in mild to moderate hypertensive patients without left ventricular hypertrophy, 15 hypertensive patients (group A) and 15 normotensive subjects (group B) were examined by 2-D guided M-mode echocardiography. Various systolic and diastolic indices were derived from computer-assissted analysis of differential curves of left ventricular dimension and posterior wall thickness. The systolic and diastolic function indices of each of the two groups were compared. The results were as follows : 1) There were no significant differences in ejection fraction, left ventricular peak ejection rate and posterior wall thickening rate between two groups. 2) There were no significant differences in % ventricular A wave, left ventricular peak filling rate and posterior wall peak relaxation rate between two groups. 3) One third filling rate was 2.07+/-0.41 EDD/sec in group A and which was significantly lower than 3.29+/-0.88 EDD/sec of group B. Above result suggests that computer-assisted analysis of differential curves of left ventricular dimension and posterior wall thickness could be helpful in the early detection of diastolic dysfunction, and that left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in its early filling period may develop in the mild to moderate hypertensive patients even before left ventricular hypertrophy develops.
Echocardiography ; Humans ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular* ; Relaxation

A new angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, enalapril, was administered in 20 hypertensive patients (7 mild, 6 moderate and 7 severe hypertensives) for 8 weeks or longer in order to see the blood pressure lowering effects. Additionally the left ventricular mass index was measured by 2-D guided M-mode echocardiography before and after enalapril therapy, and subjective symptoms and laboratory findings were also followed. The results were as follows: 1) After 8 weeks of enalapril treatment (the doses form 10 mg to 20mg once a day) blood pressure were lowered markedly in 10, moderately in 4, mildly in 4 cases, but the blood pressures were not lowered in 2 cases with severe hypertension. The means of the blood pressures of the group were lowered form 182.1+/-19.2 to 148.0+/-26.0mmHg in systolic and from 111.9+/-14.7 to 95.1+/-17.1mmHg in diastolic after 8 weeks of treatment (p<0.001). 2) Heart rates were not changed significantly with enalapril. 3) The symptoms of insomnia and headache were reported to be improved after enalapril in 13 cases. 4) No discernable changes in CBC and serum level of creatinine were observed. But the random urine protein was decreased in 6 cases with proteinuria in routine urinalysis. The serum lipid profile was not significantly changed, but in the 2 cases in which the ratio of total to HDL-cholesterol was above 5.0, the ratio fell to below 5.0. 5) There was no significant EKG change after enalapril. 6) In 9 cases out of 13 cases with the left ventricular mass index (LVMI) above 125g/m2 BSA, LVMI was followed by echocardiography after enalapril. LVMI was significantly decreased in 8 of 9 cases and mean values after enalapril was decreased from 183.1+/-88.0g/m2 BSA to 150.8+/-61.3g/m2 BSA (p<0.0025). 7) Side effects after enalapril administration were transient dizziness in 4 cases and ageusia in 2 cases. Above results suggest that the enalapril could be an initial choice in the treatment of essential hypertension as a single oral agent in once a day regimen resulting in good antihypertensive effects, improvement of subjective symptoms, regreassion of the left ventricular hypertrophy and few side effects.
Ageusia ; Blood Pressure ; Creatinine ; Dizziness ; Echocardiography ; Electrocardiography ; Enalapril* ; Headache ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A ; Proteinuria ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ; Urinalysis

OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to investigate the relationship between individual-level social capital and depression. METHODS: Data from the 2009 Community Health Survey were analyzed for this study. We used chi-square tests and hierarchical logistic regression analyses to determine the relationship between individual-level social capital and depression. The Korean version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale was used to measure depression. RESULTS: After controlling for socio-demographic factors such as, health behavior and chronic illness morbidity, that are associated with individual-level social capital, trust and informal participation significantly affected depression. Respondents with "be trust"(0.536, 95% CI 0.419-0.685) and who participate in "informal groups"(0.657, 95% CI 0.516-0.836) had significantly lower odds ratios of depression. CONCLUSIONS: Considering and introducing measures to increase the social capital of residents, need reduce depression. It is especially necessary to enhance resident empowerment.
Chronic Disease ; Depression ; Health Behavior ; Health Surveys ; Logistic Models ; Odds Ratio ; Power (Psychology) ; Surveys and Questionnaires