Anticonvulsants ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Brain ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chromosome Deletion ; Chromosome Disorders ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 20 ; genetics ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsy ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; genetics ; Epilepsy, Complex Partial ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; genetics ; Humans ; Karyotyping ; Radiography ; Ring Chromosomes

Antibiotics, Antineoplastic ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Down-Regulation ; Doxorubicin ; pharmacology ; Female ; Humans ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense ; pharmacology ; Phosphoproteins ; metabolism ; RNA-Binding Proteins ; metabolism ; Random Allocation

Background Compare with the lamellar laser refractive surgery,the laser slip on the surface operation is a better method in the correct of refractive error without the flap-related complications.However,whether to remain corneal epithelial flap and its influence for epithelial healing and visual restoration are still under investigation.Objective The aim of this study was to compare the short-term clinical efficacy of epipolis laser insitu keratomileusis (Epi-LASIK) and flap-free Epi-LASIK for correction of refractive error in high myopia.Methods The paired control design was adopted.Sixty eyes of consecutive 30 patients with high myopia were collected in this study.The written consent form was obtained from each patients prior to operation.Regular EpiLASIK was performed in the right eyes and the flap-free Epi-LASIK was carried out in the left eyes.Patients were followed-up for one month.The postoperative ocular irritation symptoms were scored,and the healing period of corneal epithelium and uncorrected visual acuity were examined at 1,3 and 5 days after operation.The naked visual acuity,diopter,best corrected visual acuity and the grading of haze were recorded and compared between the two groups at one month after operation.Results After surgery,the scores of corneal irritation were 3.13 ±0.43 and 3.30±0.47on the first day,showing insignificant differences between these two groups (t =- 1.54,P＞0.05 ).However,there existed statistically significant difference in the scores of corneal irritation on the third day after operation between the two groups (t =- 17.95,P＜0.01 ).The average time of corneal epithelial healing were (2.58 ±0.49 ) days in the flapfree Epi-LASIK group and ( 3.98 ±0.74) days in Epi-LASIK group with the significant difference between them (t=-11.36,P＜0.01 ).There was no statistical difference in uncorrected visual acuity in the first day (0.59±0.12 vs 0.58±0.11,t=0.39,P＞0.05),the fifth day (0.69±0.08 vs 0.67±0.09,t=0.84,P＞0.05) and 1 month (t =-1.90,P＞0.05 ).No significant difference was seen in the diopter between the two groups in 1 month after surgery (-1.03±0.45 vs -1.07 ±0.38,t =-0.31,P＞0.05 ).The eye numbers of corneal haze for 0 grade were 27 ( 90.00％ ) and over the 0.5 grade were 3 ( 10.00％ ) in flap-free Epi-LASIK group respectively,and those of corneal haze for 0 grade were 26(86.66％ ) and above the 0.5 grade were 4 (13.33％) in Epi-LASIK group respectively,showing a considerably difference between the two groups (x2 =0.0031,P＞0.05).Conclusions Both the flapfree or reserved epithelial Epi-LASIK allow the safe and effective correction of refractive error in high myopia,showing good predictability and stability in short term.Flap-free Epi-LASIK can relieve the corneal irritation symptom and accelerate the healing of corneal epithelium and recovery of visual acuity.

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical efficacy of drug toothpaste containing 2% Zanthoxylum Nitidum extract in reducing accumulation of dental plaque and occurrence of gingivitis in adults.

METHODSAdopting double-blind, stratified and parallel design, the status of dental plaque and gingivitis in 200 healthy adults enrolled in the trial (100 in the treated group took the drug toothpaste to clean teeth, and 100 in the control group use common toothpaste instead) were assessed at before experiment, 3 months and 6 months after experiment.

RESULTSAt the end of the 3rd month and the 6th month, as compared with the control group, the L e-Silness Gingival Index (GI) in the treated group was decreased by 9.1% (P > 0.05) and 13.9 % (P< 0.5), in the same period, the Quigley-Hein(Turesky Modification) Plaque Index (PlI) decreased by 18.7% and 22.6% (P<0.05), respectively.

CONCLUSIONToothpaste containing Zanthoxylum Nitidum extract can obviously decrease the incidence of dental plaque and enhance gingival health.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Dental Plaque ; drug therapy ; Double-Blind Method ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Gingivitis ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Toothpastes ; chemistry ; Zanthoxylum ; chemistry

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Fracture Healing ; drug effects ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Tibial Fractures ; drug therapy

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-dc), a methylation inhibitor, on cisplatin-resistance in non-small cell lung cancer cell line A549/DDP and to explore its possible mechanism.

METHODSMTT assay was used to test the cytotoxicity of 5-Aza-dc on A549/DDP cells, and the IC(50) and cisplatin resistance index of A540/DDP cells at 48 hours after 5-Aza-dc (0 µmol/L, 20 µmol/L, 40 µmol/L) treatment at different concentrations. MSP, fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR (real-time RT-PCR) and Western blot were used to detect the hMLH1 methylation status, mRNA and protein expressions, respectively.

RESULTSThe IC(50) value of cisplatin in A549/DDP cells was 30.15 ± 0.76 µmol/L. The MTT assay results demonstrated that during the 5-Aza-dc treatment for 48 hours, the dose of 20 µmol/L was non-toxic and 40 µmol/L was low-toxic. 5-Aza-dc at those two doses reduced IC(50) value of cisplatin to 16.54 ± 0.35 µmol/L (RI = 1.82) and 6.82 ± 0.16 µmol/L (RI = 4.42), respectively. MSP, real-time RT-PCR and Western blot showed that 5-Aza-dc at non-toxic and low-toxic doses removed the partial hMLH1-hypermethylation, and up-regulated hMLH1 mRNA and protein expressions.

CONCLUSIONSLow dose 5-Aza-dc can partially reverse the cisplatin-resistance in A549/DDP cells, which may be achieved through removal of hMLH1 hypermethylation and increased expression of hMLH1 gene. 5-Aza-dc may have a role in increasing the efficacy of chemotherapy for patients whose tumors are lack of hMLH1 expression because of hMLH1 promoter hypermethylation.

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; genetics ; metabolism ; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Azacitidine ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cisplatin ; pharmacology ; DNA Methylation ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; MutL Protein Homolog 1 ; Nuclear Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism

Objective To observe the curative effects of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) intracameral and intravitreal injection,trabeculectomy and pan-retinal photocoagulation by indirect ophthalmoscope for neovascular glaucoma (NVG).Methods NVG patients with uncontrolled intraocular pressure (IOP) and retinopathy was enrolled from May,2014 to May,2016.Eighteen patients were enrolled with 15 males(15 eyes) and 3 females(3 eyes) with age at (61.7 ± 13.9) years old.Anti-VEGF intracameral and intravitreal injection with anterior chamber puncture was performed in the first day of sequential treatment.Trebeculectomy was performed 3-5 days after injection and finally the pan-retinal photocoagulation was started 5-7 days after anti-glaucoma surgery.The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA),IOP,cornea,neovascularization of iris and retinal disease were observed and recorded.Results The diagnosis included 1 eye with central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO),6 eyes with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO),5 eyes with branch retinal vein occlusion,5 eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and 2 eyes with combined CRAO and CRVO.IOP before and after treatment were (43.5 ±5.1) mmHg (1 kPa =7.5 mmHg) and (15.2 ± 2.2) mmHg,there was significantly statistical difference (t =21.68,P ＜0.001).The categories of antiglaucoma medicines were 5.1 ± 0.5 and 0.5 ± 1.0 before and after treatment respectively,and the difference was statistical significant (t =12.30,P ＜ 0.001).BCVA was improved in 4 eyes,maintained in 13 eyes and decreased in only 1 eye.Conclusion The sequential treatment including anti-VEGF intracameral and intravitreal injection,trabeculectomy and pan-retinal photocoagulation by indirect ophthalmoscope is safe and effective.

More than 50 new flavonoids derived from Annonaceae are reported in the last two decades. Many genuses in Annonaceae contain flavonoids having structural novelty and broad pharmacological activities. Due to the pharmacological interest of some of these compounds, chemical investigations on this topic have grown considerably in the decades. Here the biological activities of some of these flavonoids are also briefly discussed.
Annonaceae ; chemistry ; classification ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; Molecular Structure ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

Background Whether ocular anterior and posterior chamber exist a blood-aqueous barrier is in controversy.Conventional method can not offer a good evidence because it is unable to detect the aqueous component in the posterior chamber.Objective This study was to investigate the distribution of Gadolinium-diethylene triamine pentaacetic acids(Gd-DTPA)after peripheral iridectomy with magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)in rabbit.Methods Monocular peripheral iridectomy was performed on the right eyes in 8 clean New Zealand white rabbits and the fellow eyes were as controls.0.2 ml/kg(0.5 mol/L)Gd-DTPA,a tracer of MRI,was injected into ear vein in vivo to scan the eyes with MRI for the observation of the permeability and distribution.The signal enhanced ratio of interest region associated with time were analyzed.Results The signal in ciliary body of both eyes showed an immediately sharp enhancement within 10 minutes following the injection of Gd-DTPA with a peak intensity at 30-40 minutes,and then the intensity was gradually weaken over time.The signal was stronger in the operative eyes than that in the fellow eyes.The signal in the posterior chamber was gradually increased after operation,however,that in posterior chamber of the control eyes was lower.The interest regions of Gd-DTPA were ciliary,anterior chamber and posterior chamber,and the enhanced signal intensities were consisted in the posterior chamber after operation.However,the increase of the signal was not seen in the posterior chamber in the control eyes.Conclusions The pathway of plasma protein entering into the anterior chamber is very different from that of aqueous secretion.There exists a barrier between the anterior and posterior chamber which might be an integral part of the blood-ocular barrier.

Objective To evaluate the effects of sirolimus on scopolamine-induced cognitive dysfunction in rats.Methods Thirty male Wistar rats,aged 3 months,weighing 200-250 g,were equally randomized into 3 groups:normal saline group (NS group),scopolamine group (SC group) and scopolamine + sirolimus group (SS group).Normal saline,scopolamine 0.8 mg/kg and sirolimus 3.5 mg/kg + scopolamine 0.8 mg/kg were injected intraperitoneally in groups NS,SC and SS,respectively,and the injection was continued for 14 consecutive days.The cognitive function was assessed by Morris water maze test on 15th day.After behavior test,the rats were sacrificed and the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus were harvested for determination of amyloid β protein (Aβ) and Tau protein expression.Results Compared with NS group,the escape latency was significantly prolonged,the ratio of time spent in the target quadrant was decreased,Aβ expression in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus was upregulated and Tau protein expression in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus was down-regulated in group SC (P ＜0.05 or 0.01).Compared with SC group,the escape latency was significantly shortened,the ratio of time spent in the target quadrant was increased,Aβ expression in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus was down-regulated and Tau protein expression in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus was up-regulated in group SS (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01).Conclusion Sirolimus can significantly improve scopolamine-induced cognitive dysfunction in rats and the changes in the expression of Aβ and Tau protein in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus may be involved in the mechanism.