No abstract available.
Anesthesia, Local*

Abstract?AIM: To discuss clinical efficacy and safety of 10g/L atropine with short covering for children with amblyopia.?METHODS: Eighty -eight children ( 88 eyes ) with amblyopia, staying in hospital from February 2011 to February 2014 for treatment, were divided into control group ( n =44 ) and observation group ( n =44 ) . The control group only given short covering therapy was observed.Observation group was given 10g/L atropine treatment besides covering.Clinical efficacy, treatment compliance, visual acuity, corrected spherical degree of amblyopia eye and adverse events were observed and compared.?RESULTS:1) After treatment, total effective rate of the observation group was 95% ( 42/44 ) , significantly higher than that of control group ( 80%, 35/44, P<0.05 ); 2 ) excellent compliance rate of the observation group was 95% ( 42/44 ) , significantly higher than that of control group (82%, 36/44, P<0.05);3) visual acuity of the two groups when the disease was first diagnosed was not significantly different (P>0.05), but increased number of lines of vision and corrected spherical degree of amblyopia eye in the observation group were significantly higher (P<0.05);4) in the observation group total rate of adverse events was 9% ( 4/44 ) , significantly lower than that in the control group (23%, 10/44, P<0.05).?CONCLUSION: The combined therapy, 1% atropine with short covering, is effective and safe for amblyopia in children.

Objective To determine serum cytokine profiles and levels in patients with early diabetic retinopathy(DR)by using antibody array technology and analyze their clinical significances.Methods Among 32 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus,16 patients with mild to moderate non-proliferative DR were as DR group;and 16 patients without retinopathy,as diabetic control group.Eight healthy subjects were selected as normal control group.The profiles of 42 cytokines were detected by human cytokines antibody array(Raybiotech).Results Compared with diabetic control group,in DR group,levels of epithelial neutrophil-activating peptide-78(ENA-78),growth related gene(GRO),regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted(RANTES),angiogenin,vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and platelet-derived growth factor(PDGF)increased significantly(P

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of sacral nerve root electrostimulation (SNS) on the colon function and its mechanisms in rats with spinal cord injury (SCI).

METHODSOne hundred and four Wistar rats were divided into three groups: A, B and C. A group ( n = 24) was divided into three subgroups (n = 8) for studying the bioelectricity: Normal group (NG), SCI group (SCI) and SCI group with SNS(SNS); B group( n = 24) was divided into three subgroups( n = 8) for studying the colon motility: NG, SCI and SNS. C group( n = 56) were divided into three groups for studying the change of morphology and neurotransmitters(SP and VIP): NG (n = 8), SCI (n = 24), and SNS (n = 24) . In SCI and SNS, included of three subgroups: 24, 48, 72 h after spinal cord injury (n = 8).

RESULTSIn SCI group, the activity of bioelectricity in proximal and distal colon was reduced; the colon motility was lessened, and colon mucosa appeared different degree of damage; cell-cell connections between intestinal epithelial cells were destroyed. The expressions of substance P(SP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in colon were decreased obviously. SNS was found to activate the bioelectricity, promote the colon motility, improve the intestinal mucosal, and increase the expressions of SP and VIP. Conclusion: SNS can activate the peristalsis, rehabilitate the motility of denervated colon, protection of the intestinal mechanical barrier between intestinal epithelial cells and tight junction, rebuild the colon function through activating the bioelectricity and increase the expressions of SP and VIP.

Animals ; Colon ; physiopathology ; Electric Stimulation Therapy ; Epithelial Cells ; drug effects ; Intestinal Mucosa ; drug effects ; Lumbosacral Region ; innervation ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; therapy ; Substance P ; metabolism ; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo observe the ultrastructural change of the route of gut bacterial translocation in a rat with spinal cord injury (SCI).

METHODSForty Wistar rats were divided into the following groups: control group and 3 SCI groups (10 in each group). The rats in the SCI groups were established SCI model at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after SCI. Small intestine mucous membrane tissue was identified and assayed by transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope and immunofluorescence microscopy.

RESULTSSmall intestine mucous membrane tissue in control group was not damaged significantly, but those in SCI groups were damaged significantly. Proliferation bacteria in gut lumen attached on microvilli. The extracellular bacteria torn the intestinal barrier and perforated into the small intestinal mucosal epithelial cell. The bacteria and a lot of particles of the seriously damaged region penetrated into the lymphatic system and the blood system directly. Some bacteria were internalized into the goblet cell through the apical granule. Some bacteria and particles perforated into the submucosa of the M cell running the long axis of M cells through the tight junctions. In the microcirculation of mucosa, the bacteria that had already broken through the microvilli into blood circulation swim accompanying with erythrocytes.

CONCLUSIONThe routes of bacterial translocation interact and format a vicious circle. At early step, the transcellular pathway of bacterial translocation is major. Following with the destroyed small intestine mucous, the routes of bacterial translocation through the lymphatic system and the blood system become direct pathways. The goblet cell-dendritic cell and M cell pathway also play an important role in the bacterial translocation.

Animals ; Bacteria ; Bacterial Translocation ; Epithelial Cells ; microbiology ; Goblet Cells ; microbiology ; Intestinal Mucosa ; microbiology ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Intestine, Small ; microbiology ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Microvilli ; microbiology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; microbiology

No abstract available.
Busan* ; Epidemiology* ; Gyeongsangnam-do* ; Sepsis* ; Vibrio vulnificus* ; Vibrio*

The level of copayment increased in order to stabilize the financial condition of the health insurance on 1986. An important question regarding the policy was whether the increase in the level of copayments reduced the utilization of medical services in the poor selectively. In spite of the importance of the research question, no study has been reported. This study was designed to find out changes in nuniU rs of physician visits, to explain charac teristics influencing the difference of utilization before and after the program. Finally the interaction effect between the program and the level of income was examined for the abover question. A total of 10,421 persons from eight institutions was selected as the study sample. Research findings are as follows. 1. The number of physician visits decreased by ten percent as a result of increasing the level of copayment. 2. The decrease was remarkable in some groups such as children, rural area and large family. 3. The most important factor which explained the difference was the number of physician visits before the introduction of the new program.. The more numbers of physian visits during the last year were, the more numbers of physian visits decreased after the program. 4. The interaction term between the program and the level of income was statistically significant in the multiple regression model which explained physician visits and its coefficient was negative. It means that an increase in copayment did not reduced the number of physician visits in the poor, selectively. 5. It can be concluded that imposing adequate copayment reduces the use of medical services as well as medical costs without serious damage in access especially for the poor pule.
Child ; Humans ; Insurance, Health

The myoepithelioma is a rare salivary gland tumor composed nearly exclusively of myoepithelial cells. A case occuring on the parotid gland of a 51 year-old female is reported. Light microscopy finding revealed plasmacytoid cells. Ultrastructurally, the most of the neoplastic cells had polygonal outlines and showed eccentric, round to ovoid nuclei with even contours, peripherally distributed heterochromatin and to three small nuceoli. Their cytoplasms were almost completly filled with thin filaments, arranged in parallel strains and exhibiting "dense bodies". The neoplastic cells showed positive immunostaining for S-100 protein and cytokeratin.
Female ; Humans