Objective To understand the testing capability for organochlorine pesticides of the food inspection labs in China. Methods The CNCA organized the proficiency testing(PT) of determination of heptachlor, aldrin and dieldrin in the vegetable oils. 21 labs from 14 provinces (cities) took part in the PT. The GC method prescribed by official method of AOAC was recommended, other method was also permitted. Results The PT showed that 81.0%-85.7% labs presented satisfactory results, 9.5% had questionable results and 4.8%-9.5% had dissatisfactory results. Conclusion Most of the labs that took part in the PT have good competence in analyzing organochlorine pesticides.

BACKGROUND: Drug use is the most significant risk factor for viral hepatitis B and C infection. Female drug users present different drug-using characteristics from the other sex. And what about the influence of these characteristics on hepatitis B and C virus(HBV and HCV) double infection?OBJECTIVE:To explore the relationship of characteristics of drug using in female drug users on the incidence of HBV and HCV double infection.DESIGN: It is a cross section investigation of female drug users in January 2002.SETTING: A laboratory separtment, an epidemiological department in a university and a drug dependency treatment unit.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 320 female drug users who were in Baimalongdrug dependency treatment unit in Zhuzhou city were recruited in this study.METHODS: The drug-using characteristics were investigated through a questionnaire and the surface antigen of HBV(HBsAg) and antibody against HCV(anti-HCV)in serum were checked with ELISA.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Relationship between HBV and HCV infection and injection of drug, injecting career and abstaining history.RESULTS:The incidence of HBV and HCV double infection in the 320 female drug users was 9. 37%. All of those with double infection were injection drug users, which was different from non-injection drug users(x2 = 6. 276,P ＜ 0. 05 ) . Longer career of drug-using meant higher possibility of double infection. The incidence of double infection (10. 3% ) in those of 5 - 10 years of drug-using career was higher than that (4.5%) of 1 - 5 years of drug-using career (x2 = 8. 344, P ＜ 0.05) . And that in those experienced more than 4times of abstaining was also higher than that less than in those experienced 3times (x2 =9. 418, P ＜ 0. 05) . Long career of drug using and repeated abstention abstaining were factors that leaded to HBV and HCV double infection (OR = 1. 923, 1. 597, 95% CI = 0. 964 - 3. 838, 0. 962 -2. 652).CONCLUSION: Injection drug use is the predominant factor that causes double infection of HBV and HCV and long career of drug using and rising in the number of times of abstaining also increase the double infection.

BACKGRUND:The high prevalence of hepatitis B virus(HBV) is related with the sexual characteristics in drug abusers.How about the relationship between prevalence of HBV/hepatitis C virus(HCV) co infection and the sexual characteristics in drug abusers? OBJECTIVE:To investigate the relationship between sexual characteristics and HBV/HCV co infection in drug abusers. DESIGN:A cross sectional survey taking the drug abuser as the subjects. SETTING:A department of clinical laboratory of a municipal hospital,an epidemiological department of the college of public health of a university,a professional drug abuser treatment center. PARTICIPANTS:Totally 452 male and 320 female drug abusers were randomly selected from the Changsha Xinkaipu Drug Abusers Treatment Center and Zhuzhou Baimalong Female Drug Abusers Treatment Center as the subjects from 1st to 31st January 2001. INTERVENTIONS:A self designed questionnaire was used to investigate the sexual characteristics of drug abusers.HBV surface antigen and HCV antibody were detected in the serums of the participants with ELISA. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The relationship between HBV/HCV co infection and the sexual behavior, numbers of sexual partners,and the usage of condom in drug abusers. RESULTS:The total prevalence of HBV/HCV co infection in drug abusers was 21.24% ; the prevalence of HBV/HCV co infection in male drug abusers was 29.6% ),which was significantly higher than that in females(9.4% )(χ 2=46.016,P< 0.01).There was no significant difference in the prevalence of HBV/HCV co infection between male and female drug abuser whether they had or had not sexual behaviors(χ 2=3.775,P >0.05).The prevalence of HBV/HCV co infection was in an ascending tendency with the increase of sexual partner(χ 2=9.846,P< 0.05).The using frequency of condom was significantly higher in females than in males(U=14.80,P< 0.01). CONCLUSION:There is no correlation between sexual experience and prevalence of HBV/HCV co infection;male drug abusers have higher prevalence of co infection than females;the number of sexual partners is correlated with the prevalence of HBV/HCV co infection,the more sexual partners,the higher prevalence is.The protective effect of condom is greater in female drug abusers than in males.

Background An ethylnitrosourea(ENU)-induced mutant strain C57BL/6 mouse model has been established by our research group.This model is proved to have the spontaneous phenotype of corneal opacity and the typical pathological process similar to human keratitis.Therefore,this model is expected to be a good animal model in the research of the mechanism,hereditary property,and development of drugs for corneal infectious diseases.Objective The present study is to investigate the biological features of opportunistic pathogens using a mouse Staphylococcus-infected corneal model(C57BL/6 mouse) induced by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea(ENU),and offers an evidence of stability in this animal model.Methods Ten-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were treated with ENU at 150mg/kg by intraperitoneal injection,and then mated with female mice after 60 days.Corneal opacity mutant mice in the F1 generation were selected to backcross with C57BL/6 mice.The bacteria were isolated from the eyeballs of the mutants and cultivated,purified and identified.Drug sensitivity assay was carried out to screen for effective antibiotics for clinic medical care.Results The staphylococcus-infected corneal mouse model(B6-Co) was established successfully,and the Staphylococcus sciuri strain was separated and purified,and then the sensitive antibiotics were distinguished from resistant ones.The sensitive drugs for Staphylococcus sciuri included azithromycin,clindamycin,chloramphenicol,gentamicin,rifampicin,tetracycline,amikacin,sulfamethoxazole compound sinomin,minocycline,levofloxacin,cephalothin,cefotaxime,and furazolidone;whereas this Staphylococcal strain was resistant to cefoxitin,penicillin,ampicillin,novobiocin.Nitrofurantoin showed an intermediate sensitivity.Conclusion The C57BL/6 mouse model is a spontaneous-derived animal model that is infected by coagulase-negative staphylococci,among which the most abundant strain is Staphylococcus sciuri.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the reasons of pediatric nosocomial infection,analyze the possible risk factors,and provide the effective control and prevention strategies. METHODS A total of 18002 patients were investigated in 2007 by prospective study. The data were analyzed via SPSS 11.5 statistical analysis software using mainly descriptive and contrast analysis. RESULTS The nosocomial infection rate was 2.44%. The children were relatively highly infected on both of age from 1-month-old to 1-year-old (3.67%) and stay in hospital over 10 days (7.85%) ,the season in third and fourth quarters (3.13% and 2.64%). The nosocomial infection occurred mainly in respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract,and more respiratory infections occurred in winter and spring,but more gastrointestinal tract infections occurred in summer and autumn. CONCLUSIONS Pediatric patients are more easy infected of the baby age or the longer stay in the hospital. Pediatric nosocomial infection more occurrs in the summer and autumn. Hospitals should focus on preventing and controlling the respiratory and gastrointestinal infections.

According to the characteristics of the etiology and pathogenesis of child cerebral palsy, on the basis of "regulating the mind in treatment of all kinds of diseases" and "regulating the functions of five zang organs with back-shu points", Professor DONG Gui-rong applied the penetrating needling technique on the scalp points and acupuncture at back-shu points of five zang organs in the treatment of child cerebral palsy. The valuable clinical experiences have been summarized as "regulating the mind with scalp needling technique, benefiting the brain and opening the orifice", "regulating five zang organs with back-shu points" and "integration of acupuncture and rehabilitation, and function reconstruction". Two effective cases were introduced.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Cerebral Palsy ; therapy ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Male ; Treatment Outcome

Purpose To investigate TRAP1 expression in esophageal cancer and its relationship with clinicopathological features and prognosis.Methods Expression levels of TRAP1 in 60 pairs of cancer and adjacent normal tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry,and the relevance between TRAP1 and clinicopathological features was evaluated.Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional regression analyses were performed to determine the association of TRAP 1 expression and survival of the patients.Results The positive expression rate of TRAP1 was 55.0％,and the amount of relative protein transcript level was 2.7 ± 1.1 in the cancer tissue.The positive expression rate of TRAP1 was 11.7％,and the relative expression protein was 0.5 ± 0.4 in the adjacent normal tissue.The expression level of TRAP1 in cancerous tissue was significantly higher than that of tissue adjacent to carcinoma.There was no statistically significant difference between the expression levels of TRAP1 with sex,age,location,and degree of differentiation (P ＞ 0.05).There was statistically significant relationship between recurrence,metastasis and TNM stages with the expression of TRAP1 levels (P ＜ 0.05).The average survival time of TRAP1-negative patients was 69.0 months (95％ CI:60.2-77.9) while the TRAP1-positive patients was 34.2 months (95％ CI:24.4-44.1).High levels of TRAP1 were correlated with decreased survival of postoperative esophageal cancer patients (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion TRAP1 is overexpressed in esophageal cancer and associated with the progression and prognosis of esophageal cancer.

Objective: In order to discuss the influence difference of environmental stress on dioecious plants and the response of environmental factors influence on the fruiting and yield of Thladiantha setispina. Methods: The effects of the different sowing-dates on the female plant rate, fruit character, and seed yield of T. setispina were investigated by the comparative ways. Results: Different sowing-dates on differentiation of male and female plants had a significant impact. The appropriate delay of sowing-date could significantly improve the proportion of female T. setispina (P < 0.01); Sowing-date limited the impacted fruit character of T. setispina. By the treatment of different sowing-dates, the differences of average real weight of fresh fruit quality, dry quality, and dry matter content were not significant (P > 0.05), but the sowing-date on yield components of T. setispina had a direct impact on related indicators, yield differences during the treatments reached a very significant level (P < 0.01). Conclusion: The appropriate delaying of sowing-date could help to improve the seed production of T. setispina.

Abdominal Pain ; etiology ; Adult ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; etiology ; Drug Eruptions ; complications ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Nausea ; etiology ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To find the optimal scanning time window and then set up the normal binding potentials (BPs) of 2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-fluorophenyl)-(N-11C-methyl) tropane (11C-CFT) DAT PET/CT imaging.Methods Thirty-one healthy volunteers (20 males,11 females,average age:(55.7±2.3) years),who all gave written informed consent,were divided into three age and gender-matched groups according to block randomization.Each group underwent static PET/CT scan in different time windows from 40-60 min,60-80 min to 80-100 min after 11C-CFT injection.To determine the best scanning time window,the ratios of caudate and putamen of all volunteers were analyzed using automatic ROI method (caudate (putamen)/parieto-occipital cotex-1) and compared by one-way analysis of variance and the least significant difference (LSD) t test.The ratio of the same area between different age-groups and gender-groups was compared with independent two-sample t test.Results Ratios of left caudate (2.08±0.06,1.75±0.07and 1.77±0.12 respectively),right anterior putamen (2.33±0.06,1.95±0.09 and 2.08±0.12 respectively)and bilateral posterior putamen (left:1.88±0.66,1.55±0.88 and 1.72±0.09; right:1.98±0.07,1.61±0.09and 1.69±0.12) were all different in three time windows (F=3.588,3.345,4.479,3.557,all P＜0.05).There were significant differences in ratios of left caudate,right anterior and bilateral posterior putamen between 40-60 min and the 60-80 min (all P＜0.05),as well as the ratios of left caudate between 40-60 min and the 80-100 min group (P＜0.05).While no valid differences in ratios of those areas were shown between the groups of 60-80 min and 80-100 min scanning time window (all P＞0.05).DAT densities in right and left side of caudate,anterior and posterior putamen were significantly lower in the group over 60 years of age than those under 60 years (t=-3.260,-3.090,-3.270,-3.190,-2.270,-3.110,all P＜0.05),but were not different between gender-groups (t =0.367,0.522,0.144,0.524,0.166,0.004,all P＞0.05).Conclusions Sixty min after injection of 11C-CFT,the BPs achieve stable stage,so the best scanning time window of 11C-CFT DAT PET imaging was 60-80 min after injection.Identification of normal DAT distribution and understanding of normal BPs of 11C-CFF are necessary before its clinical application.