Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; virology ; Genome, Viral ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; virology ; Mutation

MicroRNAs(miRNAs) are endogenous non-coding RNAs,about 20 nucleotides in length.They play a pivotal role in the regulation of genes involved in diverse biology processes such as cell development,proliferation,differentiation and apoptosis by the translation repression or mRNA degradation.Recent evidence has suggested that miRNA alterations are involved in the initiation and progression of various human cancer including hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),and miRNA-expression profiling of HCC has identified signatures associated with diagnosis,staging,progression and prognosis.As a novel molecular target,miRNAs holds great promise in diagnosis and biotherapy of HCC.

Circulating nucleic acids (CNAs) are extracellular nucleic acids found in cell-free serum,plasma and other body fluids from healthy subjects as well as in patients. The ability to detect and quantitate specific DNA and RNA sequences has opened up the possibility of diagnosis and monitoring of diseases,especially in the field of cancer. Furthermore,in some recent studies it has been suggested a kind of non-coding RNA-microRNA (miRNA),also exist in cell-free serum and plasma,highlighting the field of using CNAs to diagnose cancer. As a novel tumor marker,tumor-specific circulating miRNAs holds great promise in early diagnosis of cancer.

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),one of the most common malignant tumors,is the main cause of cancer death in China.Early diagnosis of the disease is of great importance.Serum tumor markers have been effective for detecting HCC for a long time.Among those markers,alpha fetoprotein(AFP)is the most widely used one in detecting patients with HCC,but it has limited utility for detecting HCC due to its limited sensitivity and specificity.Searching better markers for HCC has been a re- search focus in recent years.This review introduces many useful markers to supplement AFP for detecting HCC.

Objective To compare the safety of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-Fc (rhTNFR:Fc) and other DMARDs,in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA),ankylosing spondylitis (AS),juvenile idiopathetic arthritis (JIA) or psoriatic arthritis (PsA).Methods Patients who received rhTNFR:Fc 25 mg twice weekly from May 2006 to March 2009 were involved in this open-lable study.Safety assessments were carried out at regular intervals.Results Of the 2014 patients enrolled in the open-label trial,1388,421 and 232 were RA,AS or other diseases,such as JIA and P.sA respectively.Frequent adverse events included injection-site reactions (2.67％),rash (1.87％) and hyperamino transferase (1.80％) in RA patients.Similarly,injection-site reactions (5.23％),hyperaminotransferase (2.38％) and rash (0.71％) were frequent in AS patients.Upper respiratory infection was most frequent among infectious adverse events.There were no reports of patients with serious adverse events,dead case,TB infection and malignancies.Conclusion rhTNFR:Fc has shown a favourable safety profile in Chinese rheumatic disease patients.

Objective To explore the pathogeny, pathology, ultrasonic and clinical expression of upper extremity deep venous flow obstruction and superior vena cava syndrome. Methods Retrospective analysis and summarize the disease changes of 10 cases in recent 5 years. Results 7 patients of 10 cases were superior vena cava syndrome, in which 4 cases caused by upper right lung malignant tumor, 3 cases caused by upper and media mediastinal malignant tumor. 2 patients of 10 cases were found thrombosis in right subclavian vein caused by duct of artificial pacemaker. The left 1 patient was no reason thrombosis in right axillary vein. Conclusion Ultrasonography combine with color and spectral Dopper image can evaluate the clinical development and therapeutic efficiency, which is a useful and effective non-invasive examination.

The types of synapses and some morphological features of the synaptic submicroscopic structures of rat hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus (HVM) have been described in this study. A total of 1 005 synapses is observed. The percentage of axo-dendritic synapse is 96.6%. It covers the majority of the total number of synapses. The percentage of axo-somatic synapse is 2.8% and axo-axonic synapse is 0.5% of the total number of the synapses. The crest synapse which is never reported in the HVM was found to be 0.1%. Its postsynaptic elements come from clubbed finger-like dendritic crest which is characterized by prominent postsynaptic membrane thickening and subsynaptic dense bodies. Two presynaptic terminals contact the wall of the crest process side by side and contain spheric vesicles. In the axo-dendritic and axo-somatic synapses, the parallel synapse (including synaptic complex), the tangent-like synapse and serial-like synapse have been observed.

Objective To evaluate the effect of interventional diagnosis and therapy in gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Methods 32 patients with gastrointestinal hemmorrhage, including 12 cases of tumor and 20 cases of vascular malformation were analized retrospectively. DSA was performed in 32 cases, barium meal radiography were undertaken in 27 cases. DSA, CTA and barium meal radiography were all performed in 13 cases. Superselective embolization was performed in 10 cases with vascular malformation. Results DSA showed clearly the radiologic features all gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Coupled DSA with CTA was reliable for diagnosis of intestinal submucosa tumor. All five cases of vascular malformation underwent successful superselective embolization showing no complication and relapse during 6 month to 2 years. Conclusions Superselective DSA and CTA are valuable methods for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Interventional embolization is an effective modarity in the treatment of gastrointestinal hemorrhage.

Objective To evaluate the effects and methods of interventional therapy of the atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis(ARAS).Methods 28 cases of ARAS were implanted with stents by guiding catheter or guidewire exchanging, 31 stents were implanted (Palmaz stent in 22, Wallstent in 4, and Symphony stent in 5). Follow up was undertaken for 6 months to 1 year, together with recording the blood pressure, creatinine, the effective number of antihypertensive medication and comparing with those before the procedure. Results Stents were implanted successfully in all cases. Complication of renal arterial embolism happened in 2 cases with recanalization by guidewire exchanging. Restenosis happened in 4 cases.Conclusion Stent implantation for renal artery stenosis by guiding catheter is an ideal method or probably the chief interventional therapy to preserve the renal function.

AIM: To investigate the effect of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), a specific inhibitor of NF-κB on the proliferation and apoptosis of K562 cells and to explore the anti-tumor mechanism of PDTC.METHODS: Trans AM~(TM) NF-κB p65 kit was used to detect the activity of p65 in K562 cells treated by PDTC. The effect of PDTC on the proliferation of K562 cells was measured by WST-1 method. DNA damage was detected by single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay). The procaspase-3 and activated protein level of caspase-3 were detected by Western blotting.RESULTS: The activity of p65 in K562 cells was inhibited after treated by PDTC (P<0.01). Simultaneously the cell proliferation was significantly inhibited in a dose-and time-dependent manner (P<0.01). The degree of DNA damage in K562 cells treated with PDTC at concentrations of 25 μmol/L, 50 μmol/L or 100 μmol/L was more severe than that in control. The rates of comet cells in the PDTC-treated groups (43.50%, 84.00%, 95.63%) were significantly higher than those in control (9.75%, P<0.01), and it was also dose-dependent. The expression of procaspase-3 and activated caspase-3 protein were detected in the cytoplasm of the K562 cells treated by PDTC by Western blotting.CONCLUSION: NF-κB plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis in K562 cells. PDTC inhibits NF-κB activity and elevates the expression of caspase-3, which is related to increase in cell apoptosis.