In recent years, much attention has been paid to arterial stiffness detection,but the relation between arterial stiffness and cerebrovascular disease has not been fully elucidated.This article reviews the detective methods of arterial stiffness and its relationship between the risk factors for cerebrovascular disease, ischemic stroke (including asymptomatic cerebral infarction) and cerebral hemorrhage.

A subsystem for clinical application and approval is fulfilled based on No.1 Military Medical Project system in our hospital.It is developed by PowerBuild8.0.and possesses such functions as the clinical data application,examination & approval,maintenance and statistics.It changes the low efficiency mode for paper applications transfer by handwork in our hospital.

Objective To assess the correlation between inflammation,specific immune response and coronary heart disease(CHD). Methods Thirty healthy cases passed the health examination were taken as the control group. Eighty cases who were diagnosised into CHD,affirmed by coronary angiography,were divided into three groups: acute myocardial infarction (AMI) group(26 cases),unstable angina pectoris (UP) group (24 cases),and stable angina pectoris (SP) group(30 cases). All the cases were tested on the concentrations of C-reactive protein(CRP),IgA,IgG,IgM in serum. Results The serum indices of CRP,IgG,IgA in AMI group and UP group were significantly difference than those in the control group (P0.05). Conclusion The correlation between inflammation and immune system activation are closely associated with CHD.

Objective To investigate the correlation between the measurement methods of carotidcerebral pulse wave velocity (ccPWV) and the traditional method of brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV).Methods A total of 136 healthy volunteers were divided into a youth group (20-39 years),a middleaged group (40-59 years),and an elderly group (more than 60 years) according to their ages.While detecting baPWV,transcranial Doppler ultrasound was used to simultaneously monitor the ipsilateral common carotid artery and the terminal segment of internal carotid artery.The time differences of the beating points of their cardiac cycles and the distanceses of the skin surfaces between the 2 probes were measured and ccPWV was calculated.Results The systolic blood pressure,pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure in the elderly group were signifificantly higher than those in the middle-aged group and the young group.The ccPWVs in the youth,middle-aged and elderly groups were 418 ± 52 cm/s,489 ±54 cm/s,and 599 ± 58 cm/s,respectively.The elderly group was significantly faster than the middle-aged group (t =7.308,P ＜0.001),and the middle-aged group was significantly faster than the youth group (t=6.758,P＜0.001).A Pearson correlation analysis showed that ccPWV was significantly positively associated with the age (r=0.847,P＜0.001) and baPWV (r =0.548,P ＜0.001).The multiple linear regression analysis showed that ccPWV was significantly positively associated with the age and diastolic blood pressure (partial correlation coefficients were 0.742 and 0.293respectively,P ＜0.001 and ＜0.010 respectively).Conchlusions ccPWV is a new measurement method for cerebrovascular stiffneas,and it has a good correlation with the traditional measurement method.

Objective:Lung ultrasound (LUS) has been used in the diagnosis of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome(RDS) successfully, but there have been no multicenter prospective studies to verify its reliability or determine how to grade RDS with LUS findings.This study aimed to discuss the necessity and feasibility of using LUS findings to determine RDS grades through a multicenter prospective study.Methods:Every researcher participated in the National Neonatal Lung Ultrasound Training Course and receiving 3-6 months of lung ultrasound system training at the National Neonatal Lung Ultrasound Training Center.Patients between June 2018 and May 2020 who met the RDS ultrasound diagnostic criteria and had full available clinical data were included in this study.The LUS examination was completed immediately after the patients were admitted to the hospital.Some of them also underwent chest X-ray examination.Arterial blood gas analysis was completed immediately before or after the LUS ultrasound examination.RDS grading was performed according to the LUS findings and whether the patient had serious complications.Results:A total of 275 qualifying cases were included in this study, which included 220 premature infants and 55 full-term infants, and the primary RDS occurred in 117 cases (42.5%), and secondary RDS occurred in 158 cases (57.5%). LUS manifestations of RDS patients can be divided into three categories: (1)A ground-glass opacity sign: which could be found among 50 infants when they were admitted to the hospital (that was, at their first LUS examination). Twenty-eight of these infants were considered to have wet lungs and were not sent for special management on admission, but LUS showed typical snowflake-like lung consolidation within 0.5 to 4 hours.Twenty-two of them were given mechanical ventilation with exogenous pulmonary surfactant; Eighteen cases were controlled within 6-12 hours, but the lung lesions became more severe in the other 4 infants (due to severe intrauterine infection). (2)Snowflake-like lung consolidations: the first LUS on admission showed typical snowflake-like lung consolidation involving areas ranging from 1-2 intercostal spaces to 12 lung divisions in 204 cases.Thirty-eight infants among them the lung consolidation only had involvement of 1-2 intercostal spaces at the time of admission; Fifteen of them received invasive respiratory support and recovered within 4-12 hours.Twelve patients received noninvasive respiratory support; Seven of them recovered, while five cases developed severe lung illness.The remaining 11 patients who were not given any form of ventilator support developed severe conditions within 1-4 hours.Thirty of them showed snowflake signs involving 12 lung regions at admission.The remaining 136 patients had lung consolidation degree between the two degree above condition.(3)Snowflake-like sign with complications: Twenty-one patients had severe complications such as pneumothorax, pulmonary hemorrhage or/and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn or large area atelectasis, etc, although snowflake lung consolidation did not involve all lung regions.Conclusion:(1) LUS is reliable and accurate for diagnosing RDS.RDS has the same characteristics on ultrasound for both preterm and full-term infants, both primary and secondary RDS.(2) To facilitate the management of RDS, it is necessary to classify RDS according to the ultrasound findings and the presence of severe complications.(3) Based on the results of this study, it is recommended that RDS can be divided into mild, moderate and severe degrees.The exact standards for grading are as follows: Mild RDS: the early stage of RDS, in which lung consolidation shows as a ground-glass opacity sign on ultrasound; Moderate RDS: lung consolidation shows a snowflake sign on ultrasound, not all of the lung fields are involved; Severe RDS meets one or more of the following criteria: lung consolidation shows as a snowflake sign on ultrasound and all lung regions are involved, or regardless of its degree and extent, lung consolidation has caused serious complications, such as pulmonary hemorrhage, pneumothorax, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, or/and a large area of pulmonary atelectasis.

Objective: To determine whether intrauterine infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) occurs in early pregnancy and to characterize associated virulence factors. Methods: Villi tissues and blood samples of 45 HBV surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive pregnant women were collected during the first trimester and HBV DNA loads were quantified by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The expression of GCM1, HBsAg and hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) in villi tissues were detected by immunohistochemical method. Results: Data from qRT-PCR showed that HBV DNA was detected in 14 of 45 villi tissues (positive rate of 31.11%), and 24 of 45 blood samples (positive rate of 53.33%), further statistical analysis showed that the positive rates of HBV DNA between blood samples and villi tissues were not significantly different (χ²=4.555, P=0.054). Among them, 12 samples were consistently positive between the villi and blood specimens, and HBsAg, HBeAg, HBeAb, HBV DNA from peripheral blood in these pregnant women were significantly higher than those of the other women (P value was 0.007, 0.004, 0.000, and 0.000 respectively). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that blood HBV DNA greater than 106 IU/ml was independently associated with HBV DNA positive in villi, and the HBsAg, HBeAg, villi tissues HBV DNA positive rates of these pregnant women were significantly higher than those of the other pregnant women (all P value were 0.000). Immunohistochemistry results showed that all 45 cases were positive for GCM1 expression in the cell nucleus. Nine cases also had HBsAg expression in the cytoplasm. Only one case was found to express HBV core antigen (HBcAg) in the nucleus. Conclusions HBV DNA and HBsAg can be detected from villi tissues harvested during the first trimester in HBsAg-positive pregnant women, and the results suggest an early occurrence of intrauterine infection of fetuses with high HBV levels.