No abstract available.
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*blood ; Diabetic Nephropathies/*blood ; Diabetic Retinopathy/*blood ; Hemoglobins/*metabolism ; Humans ; Male

BACKGROUND: This study was performed to characterize the long term observations after the use of a round needle for the management of chronic musculoskeletal pain. METHODS: The study subjects were 71 patients with musculoskeletal pain who had failed at least two previous treatments. They received interventional muscle and nerve stimulation (IMNS) using a 0.8 to 1.2 mm diameter dry needle with a streamlined shaped and a round tip from March, 2002 to July, 2002. Patients received IMNS as a bilateral segmental treatment mainly in the paraspinal, sometimes in the radicular region at 2 week intervals. The follow-up rate was 97%. Follow-up occurred at 6 months after the last IMNS treatment. Main outcomes were measured using a pain relief scale and a visual analog scale. RESULTS: Spinal stenosis, Herniated Nucleus Pulposus and an unclassified group (radicular symptoms existed, but no correlatable radiographic findings of radiculopathy were found) produced positive responses whereas fibromyalgia and failed back surgery syndrome did not. CONCLUSIONS: These results reveal that IMNS has a potential value in musculoskeletal pain originating from a spinal nerve root.
Failed Back Surgery Syndrome ; Fibromyalgia ; Fluoroscopy* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Musculoskeletal Pain ; Needles ; Radiculopathy ; Spinal Nerve Roots ; Spinal Stenosis ; Visual Analog Scale