Photogrammetric analysis and study of the beauty sense for lip are important for the planning of aesthetic and reconstructive lip surgery. The purpose of this study is to determine average value of the lip dimensions and to classify shape of the lip in Korean adult female. We took measurements from life sized photographs of the one hundred Korean adult female aged from twenty to forty nine years. We have classified shape of the lip as seven types by measured heights of upper and lower vermilion. Measured data were analysed to obtain mean, standard deviation and proportional indices. The following results were obtained.1. The mean and standard deviation of photogrammetric measurements of lip were presented below; philtral length was 15.2+/-2.0 mm, height of maximal point of Cupid's bow was 9.7+/-1.5 mm, upper vermilion height was 8.2+/-1.4 mm, lower vermilion was 10.9+/-1.4 mm, lower facial height was 67.5+/-4.5 mm, mouth width was 46.9+/-3.6 mm, bialar was 37.8 +/-2.6 mm, nasolabial angle was 87.0+/-9.0.2. The standard proportional indices of lip dimension were presented below; mouth width-lower facial height index was 69.6+/-6.3%, bialar width-lower facial height index was 56.2+/-4.5%, nose-mouth width index was 81.0+/-5.5%, upper and lower vermilion height-lower facial height index 28.3+/-3.5%, upper and lower vermilion height-mouth width index was 40.9+/-5.3%, philtral length-mouth width index 32.6+/-5.2%, upper vermilion-lower vermilion height index was 76.4+/-13.8%. 3. The classification of shape of the lip is presented below; standard type is most frequent type(55%) and the upper and lower vermilion height is measured within mean +/- 1 SD, second most common type is upper thick type(10%), upper thin type is 9%, lower thick type is 8%, both thick type is 7%, lower thin type is 6%, both thin type is 5%.
Adult* ; Beauty ; Classification* ; Female* ; Humans ; Lip* ; Mouth

This study was undertaken to investigate the optimal conditions for challenge testing with DNCB in 3 vehicles applied to guinea pigs in standardized amount/ area (pg/cm2) The results are sumrnarized as follows: 1) All test reactions were negative when tested in 10 unsensitized animals. 2) There were significant difference in positive rate between 0. 05%, DNCB in alcohol and 0.1% DNCB in alcohol, but there were no significant difference between 0. l%, DNCB in alcohol and 0, 2% DNCB in alcohol. Same results were obtaincd when DNCR was dissolved in acetone. 3) Acetone gives the significantly higher degree of positive reactions, indicating that alcohol may be the safer vehicle in eliciting a response than acetone. 4) With DNCB in olive oil, relatively few animals reacted compared to the results obtained with alcohol and acetone. Furthermore, olive oil is slippery and difficult to utilize when attempting to delineate surface area. 5) With alcohol, we obtained a good correlation between the amount applied and the resulting response, showing that this vehicle might be a superior vehicle in eliciting contact allergy.
Acetone ; Animals ; Dinitrochlorobenzene* ; Guinea Pigs* ; Guinea* ; Hypersensitivity* ; Olea ; Olive Oil

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship of the amniotic, and maternal infiammatory responses and decreased amniotic fluid in patients with preterm PROM. METHODS: Fifty three patients with preterm PROM in singleton pregnancy who delivered preterm neonates (gestational age<35 weeks) within 3 days of amniocentesis were included. Amniotic fluid index(AFI) was measured by transabdominal ultrasonography at amniocentesis. Amniotic fluid was cultured far aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and mycoplasma. The intensity of the inflammatory response was evaluated by clinical and histologic chorioamnionitis. The intensity of fetal hypoxia was evaluated by 1 min Apgar score, 5 min Apgar score, and pH of cord blood at birth. RESULTS: The prevalence of oligohydramnios, which was defined when measured AFI was equal or less than 5.0, was 34% (18/53). The prevalence of positive amniotic fluid culture was 45% (24/53) and that of patients with was significantly higher than that of patients without oligohydramnios (78% [14/l8] vs 29% [10/35], p<0.01). Intrauterine inflammatory response was significantly stronger in patients with oligohydratnnios than in patients with adequate amniotic fluid (pathologic chorioamnionitis 100% [l6/16] vs 63% [19/30], clinical chorioamnionitis 39% [7/18] vs 6% [2/35]; p<0.01 for each). However, no significant difference was found in the intensity of fetal hypoxia (I min Apgar score <7 67% [12/18] vs 66% [23/35], 5 min Apgar score <7 39% [7/l8] vs 26% [9/35], pH of cord artery blood at birth 7.27+0.13 vs 7.22+0.13; p>O.I, for each). CONCLUSION: Oligohydramnios in patients with preterm PROM is strongly pedictive for positive amniotic fluid culture, and is associated with a robust host response in amniotic, and maternal cornpartments, but not with fetal hypoxia.
Amniocentesis ; Amniotic Fluid ; Apgar Score ; Arteries ; Bacteria, Anaerobic ; Chorioamnionitis ; Female ; Fetal Blood ; Fetal Hypoxia* ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Infant, Newborn ; Mycoplasma ; Oligohydramnios* ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Prevalence ; Ultrasonography

No abstract available.
Acantholysis* ; Captopril* ; Penicillamine* ; Rifampin* ; Skin*

Formaldehyde and its derivatives are used to improve the wet strength, waterresistance, shrink-resistance, grease-resistance and other characteristics of paper and. paper products. We have recently analyzed 78 different kinds of paper sources which are being used in Korea by the lutidine method. The forma.ldehyde concentrations of the most paper sources were under 50 ug/gm ranges except 4 copying paper sources which were in the 50 to 100 ug/gm ranges.
Formaldehyde* ; Korea

BACKGROUND: Factors that regulate hair matrix cell division within the hair follicles and control hair growth cycle have been poorly understood untill now. One of the main.causes seems to be lack of good in vitro models. OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to investigate the hair growth promoting potencies of several agents including individual components of keratinocyte growth media. METHODS: Several agents such as epidermal growth factor, insulin, bovine pituitary extract which were contained in keratinocyte growth media as well as minoxidil and transforming growth factor-α were added to the isolated anagen hair follicles. Measuring the length of hair follicle, thymidine and leucine uptake were used for hair growth parameter. RESULTS: Isolated anagen hair follicles in keratinocyte growth media showed a significant increase in length over 48 hours. [Methyl-³H] thymidine and [U-¹⁴Cl leucine uptake were sustained at basal state as well as over 48 hours and [methyl-³H] thymidine uptake increased in the matrix cells under autoradiography. Insulin with a concentration above 0.5µg/ml and transforming growth factor-α with a concentration above 10ng/ml showed a promoting effect on hair growth. However, other agents did not promote hair growth at all. CONCLUSION: Our in vitro model resembles the in vivo status of hair growth for a limited period of time and we think that normal human hair organ culture may be a useful model for developing hair growth promoting agents in vitro.
Autoradiography ; Cell Division ; Epidermal Growth Factor ; Hair Follicle* ; Hair* ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Insulin ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins* ; Keratinocytes ; Leucine ; Minoxidil ; Organ Culture Techniques* ; Thymidine

It is generally believed that the defense against mycobacterium leprae is largely mediated through cell-mediated immunity(CMI) and several investigators have reported a defective CMI in patients with leprosy. especially the lepromatous from. This study was undertaken to ennumerate the peripheral T-cell population in leprosy patients for evaluation of one aspect of its immune status. Fiftu-two patients with leprosy(26 tuberculoid, 17 active lepromatous, 9 inactive lepromatous) entered in this study. All the patients are under regular antileprosy chemotherapy for varing periods(10 months to 14 years). Peripheral blood T0lymphocytes were enumerated by the E-rosette technique and compared with normal healthy control. The results were as follows: The mean T-cell percentage in peripheral blood was 50.6% in 17 active lepromatous leprosy patients, 62.2% in 9 inactive lepromatous leprosy patients, 67.7% in 26 tuberculoid patients and 69.5% in 17 normal healthy controls, There was marked decrease in the peripheral T-cell ratio in active lepromatous group (p<0,005) and less marked decrease in inactive lepromatous group (0.01.
Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Leprosy* ; Leprosy, Lepromatous ; Mycobacterium leprae ; Research Personnel ; T-Lymphocytes

Nickel sensitivity is the most common cause of allergic metal dermatitides,, particularly in women. Women are uaually sensitized. by the objects wom close to the skin ('e.g. earring, necklace fasther, watch, suspenders, brassiere clips, etc.), and men are by occupational exposures (e.g. plating or printing industries, tools, etc.). Nickel dermatitis is frequently developed on the sites where seems to have been directly contact witb nickel substance, but secondary eruptions may develop on the areas where seems to have not been directly exposed to nickel, so that nickel dermatitie is sometimea misdiagnosed as atopic dermatitis, nummular eczema, stasis dermatitis, or other dermatitides. The authora prcsent two cases of nickel dermatitis confirmed by patch test with 2. 5% nickel sulfafte; first case-a 22 years old female who has erythemat,ous maculopapular patches on her ears, around neck, left wriat, elbows, and abdomen; second case tkat was previously misdiagnosed as mummular eczema-a 18 years old female who has large oozing and crusted patches on both lateral aspects of her right thigh and back, The authors reviewed the incidence of nickel sensitivity during past years in korea and the clinical aspect of distribution of nickel dermatitis.
Abdomen ; Adolescent ; Dermatitis* ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; Ear ; Eczema ; Elbow ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Male ; Neck ; Nickel* ; Occupational Exposure ; Patch Tests ; Skin ; Thigh ; Young Adult

Plant dermatitis can be classified as primary irritant dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, phytophotodermatitis and pseudophytophotodermatitis. Among these, allergic contact dermatitis is seen most freguently. It is generally known that dermatitis causing plants have various characteristics depending on the habitat af different plants. Until now we have had great difficulty in finding the causative factors in plant dermatitis in Korea. This is due to the fact that we do not have anr comprehensive reports regarding domestic or imported timbers concerned in contact dermatiti. The purpose of this thesis is to gather the basic materials necessary to discover the cauae of plant contact dermatitis. All kinds of trees, flowers, and grasses in Korea and imported timbers concerned with contact dermatitis were considered in this study. We strove to ascertain whether the species in our country are the same as found in foreign countries or other different speceies are in our country under the sarne genus found in foreign countries. The basis for our study is several Korean plant books as well as interviews with several native botanists. Vie also discussed major families af plants causing or possible causing plant dermatitis in Korea.
Dermatitis ; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact ; Dermatitis, Contact* ; Dermatitis, Irritant ; Ecosystem ; Flowers ; Humans ; Korea ; Plants ; Poaceae ; Trees

Cytochrome compounds which act as electron transfer agents in oxidation-reduction reactions. An important example is cytochrome c, which has a molecular weight of about 13,000 and contains one atom of iron per mol. Our attempt is to evaluate clinically the therapeutic effect of cytochrome c on the healing wound of the lesions which supposed to be oxygen concentration is lowered than in normal tissues in tissue respiration, and it used in neuropathy, muscle paralysis, retinopathy, vitreous hemorrhage, corneal chemical burns in ophthalmology. The patients included in the following series: They were five cases of retrobulbar optic neuritis, two cases of optic neuritis, one case of axial optic atrophy, two cases of simple optic atrophy, two cases of muscle paralysis, one case of central retinopathy, one case of chorio-retinal atrophy, one case of maculra degeneration, one case of diabetic retinopathy, one case of pigmentary degeneration of the retina, one case of vitreous hemorrhage, four cases of corneal chemical burn, and one case of corneal dystrophy. After intra-dermal injection with cytochrome c, evaluated the allergic character and it was given intra-venous injection. The results were as follows: 1) In total 23 cases, had excellent therapeutic effects on neuropathy, muscle paralysis, and corneal chemical burns. 2) In general, we found that it did not respond to central retinopathy and diabetic retinopathy. 3) We experienced that it have response to the old lesions. 4) It was interested that the night blindness could be disappeared by cytochrome c use in pigmentary degeneration of the retina. Yet there remain certain problems so far unsolved.
Atrophy ; Burns, Chemical ; Cytochromes c* ; Cytochromes* ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; Humans ; Iron ; Molecular Weight ; Night Blindness ; Ophthalmology ; Optic Atrophy ; Optic Neuritis ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen ; Paralysis ; Respiration ; Retina ; Vitreous Hemorrhage ; Wounds and Injuries