No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1* ; Hypothyroidism*

PURPOSE: Neonatal seizures are the most frequent major manifestation of neonatal neurologic disorders. The goal of this study is to help understanding neonatal seizure by analysis of etiology, clinical manifestation, method of diagnosis and prognosis. METHODS: Retrospective reviews were made on 73 cases of neonatal seizure who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit, Dongkang General Hospital for 4 years from March 1994 to February 1998. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:1) Male to female ratio were 2.5 : 1.2) According to the gestational period, preterm babies were 11.0%, postterm babies were 2.7%, and term babies were 86.3%3) The causes of neonatal seizures were hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (32.9%), hypocalcemia (20.5%), hypoglycemia (9.6%), sepsis (96%), benign idiopathic neonatal seizure (6.8%), intracerebral hemorrhage(5.5%), hyponatremia(1.4%), hypernatremia(1.4%), kernicterus, hyperammonemia, in order of frequency 4) The onset of neonatal seizures were within 24 hours of postnatal age in 21 cases (28.8%), on second and third days in 34.2%, and between fourth and seventh days in 13.7%. 5) The types of neonatal seizures were subtle (39.7%), generalized tonic (27.4%), focal clonic (16.4%), multifocal clonic (13.7%), focal tonic (4.1%), and myoclonic (2.8%), in order of frequency.6) The electroencephalographies were performed in 29 cases and showed abnormal findings in 16 cases (55.2%).7) The ultrasonograms were performed in 12 cases. Abnormal findings were detected in 50% of the patients, and the findings were periventrcular leukomalacias in 4 cases, intraventricular hemorrhage in 1 case, intracerebral hemorrhage in 1 case. The brain computed tomographies were done in 23 cases, and 8 patients showed abnormal findings; diffuse cerebral ischemia in 5 cases, focal cerebral ischemia in 2 cases, subdural hemorrhage in 1 case. The brain magnetic resonance imagings were done in 6 cases, and 3 patients showed abnormal findings; diffuse cerebral ischemia in 2 cases, corpus callosal agenesis in 1 case.8) Fifty six patients (76.7%) were discharged in improved state, 3 patients (4.1%) were discharged against medical advice, 2 patients (2.7%) were transfered other hospital, and 12 patients (16.5%) were expired.9) The follow-up examination were made on 44 cases (78.6%) during the period from 5 days to 30 months of age, and 10 cases showed neurologic sequalae; recurrent seizures in 5 cases, cerebral palsy in 5 cases, and other conbined eurologic sequalae in 4 cases.
Brain ; Brain Ischemia ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Cerebral Palsy ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hematoma, Subdural ; Hemorrhage ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Hyperammonemia ; Hypocalcemia ; Hypoglycemia ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Kernicterus ; Male ; Nervous System Diseases ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Seizures* ; Sepsis ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to investigate the usefulness of intestinal ultrasonography (US) and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in the early diagnosis of Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) with the gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms preceding the emergence of the skin lesion. METHODS: The clinical, intestinal US and upper gastrointestinal endoscopic records of 85 patients (88 cases) with GI symptoms relating to HSP presenting between January 1999 and April 2001 were reviewed. RESULTS: 1) GI symptoms were observed in 52 cases (59%) and skin, joint, renal and scrotal manifestations were observed in 88 (100%), 64 (73%), 15 (17%), 3 cases (3%) respectively. 2) Out of 52 cases with GI symptoms, abdominal pain was observed in all cases (100%). Positive stool occult blood, nausea and vomiting, abdominal tenderness, melena or tarry stool, diarrhea, hematemesis, rebound tenderness and rigidity were observed in 28 (50%), 17 (33%), 17 (33%), 12 (23%), 6 (12%), 4 (8%), 1 (2%) and 1 case (2%) respectively in order of frequency. 3) Intestinal US examination was performed in 27 cases with HSP and GI symptoms (52 cases). Out of 27 sonographic examinations 22 showed abnormal findings. Thickening of the duodeno-jejunal wall was observed in 16 cases (73%). Free peritoneal fluid, enlarged mesenteric lymph node, ileus and abnormal gall bladder were seen in 8 (36%), 8 (36%), 4 (18%) and 1 case (5%) respectively. In three cases of HSP without GI symptoms, those changes were absent. 4) In all of five cases with HSP and GI symptoms, endoscopic study showed mucosal edema and multiple hemorrhagic erosions especially at the second portion of the duodenum. Biopsy specimens from the duodenum of 2 cases out of 5 endoscopic examinations showed acute inflammatory infiltrates in the mucosa with hemorrhage. 5) Both intestinal US and endoscopic studies were performed in 4 cases with HSP and GI symptoms simultaneously. Out of 4 those cases, 3 cases showed the thickened duodeno-jejunal wall on the intestinal US, which suggested erosive hemorrhagic duodenitis by endoscopic findings. CONCLUSION: The typical but nonpathognomonic intestinal US findings including the thickening of the duodeno-jejunal wall and upper gastrointestinal endoscopic findings including hemorrhagicerosive duodenitis, in children with GI symptoms, should be considered a manifestation of HSP, even in the absence of skin lesion.
Abdominal Pain ; Ascitic Fluid ; Biopsy ; Child ; Diarrhea ; Duodenitis ; Duodenum ; Early Diagnosis ; Edema ; Endoscopy ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Hematemesis ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Ileus ; Joints ; Lymph Nodes ; Melena ; Mucous Membrane ; Nausea ; Occult Blood ; Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch* ; Skin ; Ultrasonography ; Urinary Bladder ; Vomiting

PURPOSE: This prospective study was conducted to evaulate the effect of nebulized steroid (budesonide) and parenteral steroid (dexamethasone) on chidren with croup. METHODS: Twenty nine infants and children (6months-5years of age) admitted to hospital with croup were randomly assigned to receive either 1mg (4ml) of nebulized budesonide (17 patients) or 0.6mg/kg intramuscular injection of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (12 patients). Total croup score, heart rate and respiratory rate of patients were assessed on admission, 30 minutes, 2 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours and 24 hours after treatment, respectively. RESULTS: 1) In total cases, total croup score were significantly decreased at 30 minutes after treatment in the group treated with nebulized budesonide (p<0.01) but at 2 hours after treatmetn in the group treated with dexamethasone (p<0.05). 2) In mild cases (total croup score<5), total croup score were significantly decreased at 2 hours after treatment in the both group (p<0.05). 3) In moderate to severe cases (total croup score> or =5), total croup score were significantly decreased at 30 minutes after treatment in the group treated with nebulized budesonide (p<0.05). But in group treated with dexamethasone, there were no statistical significance because of small cases. 4) Respiratory rate was decreased after treatment in the both group, but significantly decreased at 2 hours after treatment in the group treated with dexamethasone (p<0.05). 5) Heart rate was decreased after treatment in the both group, but significantly decreased at 30 minutes after treatment in the group treated with dexamethasone (p<0.05). 6) There were no significant side effects in the both group. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that both nebulized budesonide and parenteral dexamethasone were effective in treatment of croup, and that nebulized budesonide leads to more rapid clinical improvement in children with croup, especially moderate to severe one.
Budesonide ; Child* ; Croup* ; Dexamethasone ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Infant ; Injections, Intramuscular ; Prospective Studies ; Respiratory Rate ; Sodium

Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis is characterized by cough, hemoptysis, dyspnea, diffuse pulmonary infiltrates, and microcytic and hypochromic anemia. The cause of this illness is unknown. We experienced a case of idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis in a 2 year and 8 month-old boy. Hemosiderin-laden macrophages are demonstrated in smears of material obtained from tracheal aspirates. There were no specific causes for pulmonary hemorrhage. We report a case of idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis with brief review of related literatures.
Anemia, Hypochromic ; Cough ; Dyspnea ; Hemoptysis ; Hemorrhage ; Hemosiderosis* ; Humans ; Infant ; Macrophages ; Male

BACKGROUND: In this study, we examined body image perception and dissatisfaction with weight and height in children and adolescents, according to age and body mass index. Additionally, we compared our findings with those of previous studies concerning eating disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In July and August 2008, 1,501 students were sampled from elementary, middle, and high schools in Ulsan and assessed using self-completion questionnaires. We used the Korean version of the Eating Attitude Test-26 (EAT-26) to screen for eating risk groups. Participants were stratified by grade, gender, and body mass index. RESULTS: 1) Dissatisfaction with height, weight, and body image was greater in the older group. 2) Dissatisfaction with weight and body image was greater in the heavier group. 3) EAT-26 scores and the number of individuals at high risk for eating disorders were higher in the female group than in the male group. CONCLUSION: The EAT-26 score in this study was similar to those found in previous Western studies. 2) There were a number of high-risk individuals in the female group, with a tendency toward earlier presentation. Continuous health management and prevention programs are required.
Adolescent ; Body Image ; Body Mass Index ; Child ; Eating ; Feeding and Eating Disorders ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Migraine equivalents include cyclic vomiting, acute confusional states, and benign paroxysmal vertigo. Cyclic vomiting is characterized by recurrent, sometimes monthly, boults of severe vomiting that may be so intense dehydration and electrolyte abnormalities occur, particularly in an infact. We experienced a 3-year-old girl who showed manifestations of cyclic vomiting and abdominal pain. We report this case with a review of related literatures.
Abdominal Pain ; Child, Preschool ; Dehydration ; Female ; Humans ; Migraine Disorders* ; Vertigo ; Vomiting

Podostroma cornu-damae is a rare species of fungus belonging to the Hyocreaceae family. Its fruit body is highly toxic, as it contains trichothecene mycotoxins. The morphology is similar to that of immature Ganoderma lucidum, making identification difficult for non-experts. We experienced such a case of a 56- year-old male who picked and consumed podostroma cornu-damae, and consumed. Later that day, he developed digestive system symptoms, including nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. He presented to the emergency room (ER), there were no abnormal physical findings, symptoms improved after gastric lavage, and the patient voluntarily discharged himself on the same day. The following day, as the symptoms gradually deteriorated, he was admitted via the ER. He was presented with severe pancytopenia, alopecia, desquamation of skin, and acute renal failure. He recovered without any complications after conservative care, antibiotics therapy, and granulocyte colony stimulating factor administration. The most commonly reported complications of podostroma cornu-damae intoxication were reported pancytopenia, infection, disseminated intravascular coagulation, acute renal failure, etc. since Prevention is especially important because its toxicity can be lethal and there is no particular treatment to date, prevention is especially important. Promotion and education for the public are needed.
Abdominal Pain ; Acute Kidney Injury ; Agaricales ; Alopecia ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Colony-Stimulating Factors ; Digestive System ; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ; Education ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Fruit ; Fungi ; Gastric Lavage ; Granulocytes* ; Humans ; Male ; Mycotoxins ; Nausea ; Pancytopenia* ; Reishi ; Skin* ; Vomiting

BACKGROUND: The role of NO in neuropathic pain is controversial. The aim of this study was to compare neuropathic pain behavior after a NOS inhibitor or NO donor treatment and to investigate NOS activity in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of young and adult rats after spinal nerve injury. METHODS: The effect of L-nitroarginine methylester (L-NAME) or sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on allodynia was measured in a spinal nerve ligation model of neuropathic pain. A NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d) histochemistry was performed on the DRG in a spinal nerve ligation model of neuropathic pain. RESULTS: Mechanical allodynia was increased after spinal nerve injury in both young and adult rats, especially more prominent in young rats. The NOS inhibitor, L-NAME, alleviated allodynia after spinal nerve ligation in young rats but not in adults. The NO donor, SNP, aggravated allodynia in a spinal nerve ligation model of neuropathic pain in young rats but not in adult rats. NOS activity increased prominently in the DRG after spinal nerve ligation in young rats in contrast to adult rats. CONCLUSIONS: Severe neuropathic pain behavior may be a result of an increase of NOS activity in the DRG of young rats after spinal nerve ligation, whereas NO production may not be significantly related to neuropathic pain behaviors in a spinal nerve ligation model of adult rats.
Adult ; Animals ; Diagnosis-Related Groups ; Ganglia, Spinal ; Humans ; Hyperalgesia ; Ligation* ; Neuralgia* ; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester ; Nitric Oxide* ; Nitroprusside ; Rats ; Spinal Nerves ; Tissue Donors