INTRODUCTION: Sleep has numerous important physiological and cognitive functions that may be particularly important to elite athletes. Sleep deprivation can have significant effects on athletic performance. However, there are few published data related to the amount of sleep obtained by elite athletes. We investigated sleep patterns of Korean women golfers using sleep-related questionnaires. METHODS: For this study, 98 Korean university women golfers and 46 age- and sex-matched controls were recruited. All subjects were asked to complete the self-administered sleep questionnaire consisting of questions about habitual sleep patterns (sleep onset time, sleep latency, awakening time in the morning, day time napping time), exercise habits, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Insomnia Severity Index (ISS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), validation of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). RESULTS: The sleep onset time was significantly earlier (pm 23 : 05 +/- 00 : 52 and 00 : 14 +/- 00 : 51 ; t = 5.287, p < 0.001), the waking time was later (am 07 : 21 +/- 01 : 09 and 6 : 35 +/- 00 : 32; t = -2.715, p = 0.008), the weekday total sleep time was greater (417.77 +/- 78.18 minute and 351.52 +/- 77.83 minute ; t = 4.406, p = 0.001), and the daytime nap time was greater (77.73 +/- 41.28 minute and 20.22 +/- 33.03 minute ; t = 7.623, p < 0.001) in the golf athletes compared to the controls. The PSQI scores were significantly lower, but estimated sleep latency and ESS, ISS, PSS, and BAI scores were not different among the two groups. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that Korean university women golfers have good sleep patterns resulting in no difference in sleep-related stress compared to age- and sex-matched control students.
Anxiety ; Athletes ; Athletic Performance ; Female ; Golf ; Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Sleep Deprivation ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders

Measurement of bone mineral density(BMD) of the spine may be affected by the presence of various factors such as osteophytes, osteosclerosis and spinal deformity, particularly in elderly persons. Therefore the accurate evaluation for osteoporosis is difficult in osteoarthritic spine and until now no technique can evaluate true mineral density of the osteoarthritic spine. So we performed this study to evaluate the effect of osteoarthritic changes of the spine on the BMD and various BMD values such as young-adult% and age-matched%. Additionally we evaluated the diagnostic value of the Singhs index in the advanced osteoporotic spine. We reviewed 50 patients with advanced osteoporosis of the spine retrospectively and they were divided into two groups; one consisted of 22 patients with osteoporosis alone and the other consisted of 28 patients with osteoporosis and osteoarthritic change on the spine. The measured mean BMD value in AP plane and that expressed in relation to reference data for young adults(young-adult%) of the patients with arthritic and osteoporotic spine were significantly higher than those of the patients with osteoporosis alone. On the other hand, values expressed in relation to the age and sex matched mean reference data(age-matched%) were not significantly higher in group of patients with osteoporosis and osteoarthritic change, and Singh s index was not diagnostic for the osteoporosis of the spine. But young-adult% were significantly lower than agematched% even in the osteoarthritic group. We concluded that young-adult% is mare useful value for diagnosis of the advanced osteoporosis in the osteoarthritic spine.
Aged ; Bone Density* ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Diagnosis ; Hand ; Humans ; Osteoarthritis* ; Osteophyte ; Osteoporosis ; Osteosclerosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Spine*

Adenomyotic cyst is very rare disease, their sizes are mostly lesser 5mm. The intrauterine adenomyotic cyst may arise from progressive expansion of cyst due to progressive menstrual bleeding. Authors experienced a case of large adenomyotic cyst within myometrium occuring in a l9-year-old woman, and who was accompanied with endometriosis. The cyst was about 3 x 3em sized, and had chocolate colored thick viscous contents, We experienced one case of adenomyotic cyst which was thought to be degenerated uterine myoma, so we report the case with a brief review of the concerned literatures.
Animals ; Cacao ; Endometriosis* ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Leiomyoma ; Mice ; Myometrium* ; Rare Diseases

BACKGROUND: EGF and TGF-a are ligands for the EGF-receptor and act as mitogens for a variety of tissues. TGF-a, in particular, has been implicated as an autocrine growth factor for several cancer cell lines. TGF-B exerts an inhibitory effect on the growth of most epithelial cell types, and the loss of responsiveness to this growth inhibition has been implicated in the development of a variety of human cancers. In the present study, we evaluate whether EGF, TGF-a and TGF-B modulate apoptosis and cell cycle progression in cervical cancer cell lines. MATERIALS & METHODS: The effect of EGF, TGF-a and TGF-B on apoptosis and cell cycle such as CaSki and HeLa cell lines was analysed by flow cytometry RESULTS: 1. TGF-B did not induce apoptosis in CaSki and HeLa cell lines. 2. TGF-B as well as EGF, TGF-a, did not affect the process of apoptosis significantly. 3. The time to occur apoptosis was different between CaSki and HeLa cells treated by growth factots. 4. G1 phase was the checkpoint in CaSki and HeLa cells treated with TGF-B. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that TGF-B as well as EGF, TGF-a does not induce apoptosis and cell growth inhibition.
Apoptosis* ; Cell Cycle Checkpoints* ; Cell Cycle* ; Cell Line* ; Epidermal Growth Factor* ; Epithelial Cells ; Flow Cytometry ; G1 Phase ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Ligands ; Mitogens ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the basophil histamine releasability in response to IgE- and non- IgE-mediated stimuli in children with atopic asthma. Met: Basophil histamine releasability was measured in Dermatophagoides farinae (D. farinae)-sensitive atopic asthmatics, D.farinae-sensitive healthy atopics, non-atopic asthmatics, and healthy non-atopics. Basophils were stimulated with D.farinae, goat antihuman IgE antibody, formyl-Met-Leu-Phe(fMLP), and Calcium ionophore A23187. Histamine was measured by automated fluorometric technique. RESULTS: Sponianeous histamine release was higher in atopic asthmatics compared to healthy non-atopics. Histamine release by D.farinae and by anti-IgE antibody was higher in atopic asthmatics compared to the other groups. There was no difference in histamine release by fMLP among all groups. Histamine release by Calcium ionophore was higher in healthy atopics and non-atopic asthmatics compared to healthy non-atopics. The atopics showed correlation between histamine release by D.farinae, by anti-IgE antibody and total serum IgE levels. CONCLUSIONS: Spontaneous and IgE-mediated histamine release were related to the presence of both atopy and asthma, whereas non-IgE mediated histamine release was different depending on the stimuli.
Asthma* ; Basophils* ; Calcimycin ; Calcium ; Child* ; Dermatophagoides farinae ; Goats ; Histamine Release ; Histamine* ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E

BACKGROUND: Controversy exists as to whether or not inhalation anesthetics and intravenous anesthetics impair arterial oxygenation (PaO2) during one lung ventilation (OLV). Accordingly, we examined the effect of enflurane and propofol on PaO2 and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) during OLV. METHODS: Forty patients, who had prolonged periods of OLV anesthesia with minimal trauma to the nonventilated lung were studied in a cross over design. Patients were randomized to four groups; Group 1 received 1 MAC of enflurane and oxygen from induction until the first 20 min after complete lung collapse, then were switched to propofol 100 g/kg/min (P100). In group 2, the order of the anesthetics was reversed. Group 3, Group 4 received the same order of the anesthetics as Group 1, Group 2, respectively but received propofol 200 g/kg/min (P200). RESULTS: During OLV, the PaO2 values were lower than those with two lung ventilation (TLV), there were no significant differences among each groups and between propofol and enflurane in PaO2, but in the selected patients (n=10, PaO2<120 mmHg during OLV), PaO2 in propofol group was higher than that of enflurane group (p<0.05). Conversion from TLV to OLV caused a significant increase in PVR, but there were no difference in PVR between propofol and enflurane group. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the usual clinical dose of propofol affords no advantage over 1 MAC of enflurane anesthesia except low PaO2 patients during OLV. Propofol might be of value in risk patients of hypoxemia during thoracic surgery when OLV is planned.
Anesthesia ; Anesthetics ; Anesthetics, Inhalation ; Anesthetics, Intravenous ; Anoxia ; Cross-Over Studies ; Enflurane* ; Humans ; Lung ; One-Lung Ventilation* ; Oxygen* ; Propofol* ; Pulmonary Atelectasis ; Thoracic Surgery ; Vascular Resistance ; Ventilation

Two avulsed ears attached by very narrow subcutaneous pedicles were repaired with only cutaneous sutures and showed complete survival. The results showed that the entire auricle could be fully vascularized by just a single small vascular branch. This clinical result is compatible with our previous findings in anatomical study concerning arterial supply of the auricle.
Ear ; Sutures

No abstract available.
Heel* ; Molluscum Contagiosum* ; Weight-Bearing* ; Zea mays

Histiocytosis-X is a term used to define three diseases with similar morphologic characteristics : Letterer-Siwe diseae, Hand-Schuller-Christian disease and Eosinophilic granuloma. In general, they differ in terms of their age of onset, severity of clinical course and site of involvement. Eosinophilic granuloma typically is seen in young adults. Eosinophilic granuloma is diagnosed in the presense of diffuse pulmonary infiltrate, bony involvement. However, the Pulmonary radiologic findings of eosinophilic granuloma are variable accordinary to stage of disease. therefore pathologic diagnosis of involving site is essential for confirmative diagnosis of eosinophilic grananuloma. Pathologically. the three disease are characterized by granulomatous infiltration of alveolar septa and bronchial walls and often involvement of bone. The hallmark of this disease is proliferation of the Langerhans' cell. The identifying feature is the X-body or Birbeck granule that is present in Langerhans' cells and histiocytic cells found in the lung of EG patient. We report a case of bilateral, recurrent and spontaneous pneumothoraces in a 21 year old man with pulmonary histiocytosis-X which is confined by eosinophilc granuloma in bone marrow biopsy and ultrastructural examination in cells obtained from BAL.
Age of Onset ; Biopsy ; Bone Marrow ; Diagnosis ; Eosinophilic Granuloma ; Eosinophils ; Granuloma ; Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell* ; Humans ; Lung ; Pneumothorax* ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: Amyloidosis involving the eyelid is a rare condition. We report a case of primary systemic amyloidosis of the eyelid. CASE SUMMARY: A 26-year-old female presented with multiple nodules on the bilateral upper and lower eyelids that had stopped growing several years prior. Multiple pearl-colored small nodular lesions were present on the upper and lower eyelid bilaterally and no clinically specific signs were observed. Surgical excision, biopsy and electrocauterization were performed. Histological examination showed amorphous and eosinophilic substances on hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) staining and orange-colored amyloid deposits stained with Congo-red. Systemic evaluation showed amyloid nodules invading the vocal cords and external auditory canal, therefore the patient was diagnosed with primary systemic amylodosis. At the postoperative 6-month follow-up, recurrence or inflammation at the operation site was not observed. CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of primary systemic amyloidosis of the eyelid in Korea. Amyloidosis should be considered in a differential diagnosis of a mass in the eyelid and can be successfully managed with surgical excision and electrocauterization.
Adult ; Amyloid ; Amyloidosis* ; Biopsy ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Ear Canal ; Eosine Yellowish-(YS) ; Eosinophils ; Eyelids* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hematoxylin ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Korea ; Molluscum Contagiosum ; Plaque, Amyloid ; Recurrence ; Vocal Cords