No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Mothers* ; Vitamin E* ; Vitamins*

No abstract available.
C-Reactive Protein* ; Tocolysis*

PURPOSE: To investigate the role of muscarinic receptors in bladder sensory mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Normal adult volunteers collected voided urine after taking five days of trospium(20 mg bid), tolterodine LA(4 mg qd) and oxybutynin XL(10 mg qd). The effect of intravesical administration of human urine on carbachol-induced bladder overactivity was studied in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Cystometric parameters during continuous infusion for over one hour each of saline, human urine, then mixture of carbachol and human urine were compared(n=6 in each group). Then 0.1 and 0.5microgram/ml of oxybutynin, trospium, tolerodine, and dimethindene were studied with the same methods. RESULTS: Human urine with or without intake of antimuscarinic agents had no effect on normal bladder function. Bladder capacity and intercontraction intervals were significantly decreased after an addition of carbachol to human urine containing vehicle, tolterodine or oxybutynin. Human urine after ingestion of trospium, however, prevented the carbachol-induced reduction in bladder capacity and intercontraction intervals. Maximum voiding pressure and pressure threshold were not changed in any case. 0.1 and 0.5microgram/ml of oxybutynin, trospium, tolerodine, and dimethindene prevented the decrease of intercontraction interval with intravesical carbachol(65+/-0.1% compared with baseline). CONCLUSION: The excreted urine after oral ingestion of 20 mg bid of trospium has a significant inhibitory effect in a rat model of detrusor overactivity. Intravesical instillation of antimuscarinic agents at clinically meaningful concentrations also suppressed carbachol-induced bladder overactivity. Antimuscarinic agents may be effective in treating bladder overactivity, not only by suppression of muscarinic receptor-mediated detrusor muscle contraction, but also by blocking muscarinic receptors in bladder-afferent pathways.
Administration, Intravesical ; Adult ; Carbachol ; Dimethindene ; Eating ; Female ; Humans ; Models, Animal ; Muscarinic Antagonists* ; Muscle Contraction ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Muscarinic* ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urinary Bladder, Overactive ; Volunteers ; Tolterodine Tartrate

PURPOSE: This study aims to investigate the trend in medical travel by non-Seoul residents to Seoul for treatment of prostate cancer and also to investigate the possible factors affecting the trend. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study represents a retrospective cohort study using data from theKoreanNationalHealth Insurance System from 2002 to 2015. Annual trends were produced for proportions of patients who traveled according to the age group, economic status and types of treatment. Multiple logistic analysiswas used to determine factors affecting surgeries at medical facilities in Seoul among the non-Seoul residents. RESULTS: A total of 68,543 patients were defined as newly diagnosed prostate cancer cohorts from 2005 to 2014. The proportion of patients who traveled to Seoul for treatment, estimated from cases with prostate cancer-related claims, decreased slightly over 9 years (28.0 at 2005 and 27.0 at 2014, p=0.02). The average proportion of medical travelers seeking radical prostatectomy increased slightly but the increase was not statistically significant (43.1 at 2005 and 45.4 at 2014, p=0.26). Income level and performance ofrobot-assisted radical prostatectomy were significant positive factors for medical travel to medical facilities in Seoul. Combined comorbidity diseases and year undergoing surgery were significant negative factors for medical travel to medical facilities in Seoul. CONCLUSION: The general trend of patients travelling from outside Seoul for prostate cancer treatment decreased from 2005 to 2014. However, a large proportion of traveling remained irrespective of direct distance from Seoul.
Cohort Studies ; Comorbidity ; Geography ; Health Services Accessibility ; Humans ; Insurance ; Prostate* ; Prostatectomy ; Prostatic Neoplasms* ; Retrospective Studies ; Seoul*