Ultrasonographic and radiographic findings in 72 cases of pelvic masses which have been provedhistopathologically were analyzed. The results were as follows; 1. Among 72 cases, 28 cases were uterine massesand 44 cases were adnexal masses. 2. Pathologic accuracies of ultrasonographic diagnosis were 64.3% in uterinemasses, 70.5% in adnexal masses, and 68.1% in all pelvic masses. 3. Plain or IVP findings were not specific indiagnosis and showed secondary mass effects or functional disturbances. 4. Because of its high accuracy ofpathologic diagnosis and safety, ultrasonography can be regared as the most valuable and preferential study. Butin cases of cystic myomas, endometrioses, cystic missed abortions and huge masses, the accurate diagnoses weredifficult.
Abortion, Missed ; Diagnosis ; Endometriosis ; Female ; Myoma ; Pregnancy ; Ultrasonography

A fracture of the distal tibial articular surface is fortunately an uncommon injury, since it can be exeptionally difficult to manage. The term plafond is gar'nering general acceptance since there is no anatomic name for the specific location of this fracture. The term was introduced more than 50 years ago in American orthopaedic literature to describe these injuries. The literal meaning of plafond is the underside of a floor, i.e., a ceiling, so the term refers to that portion of the distal articular surface of the tibia which articulates with the superior articular surface of the talus. It excludes the medial malleolar joint surface. Fracture of the plafond have also been called compression, pylon, Malgaigne and explosion fractures. A plafond fracture is defined as one caused primarily from direct axial compression resulting in elevation andgor displacement of all or part of the distal articular surface of the tibia, excluding isolated or combined fractures of the medial and posterior malleoli that are recognizably caused by rotational forces. We reviewed 16 cases(14 patients) of tibial plafond fractures treated at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of Soan Chun Hyang University Hospital during 8.5 years period from June 1974 to December 1982. The longest duration of follow-up was 5 years and 6 months, the shortest, 6 months, and the average, 1 year and 6 months. They were classified according to Moore et al., and assessed according to the criteria of Joy et al. The following results were obtained: l. Of the 14 patients, male were 12, female were 2. 2. The average age of the patients was 38 years old. 3. The most common causative injury was fall-down. 4. The most common type in radiological study was dorsiflexion type. 5. In method of treatment, operative treatment was done in 9 cases and non-operative in 6 cases. 6, The average duration of the cast immobilization in non-operative treatment was 12 weeks and operative, 10 weeks. 7. Better results were obtained by operative treatment than non-operative treatment. 8, The complications were encounted in 1 case of non-operative, 2 cases of operative treatment. 9. We agree that the accurate anatomical reduction with rigid internal fixation assures better results in the tibial plafond fracture.
Clinical Study ; Explosions ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Joints ; Male ; Methods ; Talus ; Tibia

Focal brainstem encephalitis due to Herpes simplex virus if a very rare infectious disease, occurs with a frequent of 1-2 million population per year. A 3 years old girl is described with infection due to Herpes simplex virus causing brainstem encephalitis. The diagnosis was established by enzyme immunosorbent assays of the cerebrospinal fluid and serum which demonstrated antibody responsed to Herpes simplex virus. The clinicopathological features, radiological findings, laboratories and brainstem biopsies are discussed in the context of the literature.
Biopsy ; Brain Stem* ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Child, Preschool ; Communicable Diseases ; Diagnosis ; Encephalitis* ; Female ; Herpes Simplex* ; Humans ; Simplexvirus*

PURPOSE: To evaluate long-term change in intraocular pressure (IOP) in eyes undergoing laser iridotomy (LI) and early phacoemulsification after LI in patients with acute angle-closure glaucoma (AACG). METHODS: The retrospective, comparative chart review included patients with AACG, Group A who underwent only LI and Group B who underwent early phacoemulsification within 1 month after LI. Patients were followed up on day 1; week 1; and months 1, 3, 6, and 12 after LI. IOP changes were studied. RESULTS: This study included a total 99 eyes from 99 patients, 37 in group A and 62 in group B. The mean IOP were not significantly different between the two groups at the initial visit or 1 month later. However, group B showed a consistently lower mean IOP that that of group A at 3, 6, and 12 months (p= 0.003, <0.001, <0.001, respectively). The prevalence of IOP increase to greater than 21 mmHg was 3 (8.11%), 5 (13.51%), and 5 patients (13.51%) in group A and 0, 2 (5.41%), and 1 patients (1.61%) in group B at 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively. Group B showed a significantly lower prevalence of IOP increase (p = 0.050, 0.038, 0.026). CONCLUSIONS: We found that patients treated with early phacoemulsification after LI had better outcomes of well-maintained IOP compared to those undergoing LI alone. For AACG patients with coexisting cataract, early phacoemulsification after LI can be considered as a reasonable treatment to maintain IOP.
Cataract ; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure* ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Phacoemulsification* ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUND: When it is difficult to insure adequate blood vessels, an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE) graft has been accepted as an alternative although its long-term patency is not equal to that of an autogenous arteriovenous fistula (AVF) for the purpose of performing hemodialysis. There being no hemodynamic guidelines for creating an autogenous or e-PTFE AVF, we prospectively investigated the difference in blood flows between autogenous and e-PTFE AVFs after internal AVF creation in order to identify an ideal AVF. METHODS: We performed color doppler ultrasonography on 15 patients who experienced AVF creation between December 1997 and December 1998 at the Wallace Memorial Baptist Hospital in Pusan and compared the volume flow per minute, the peak systolic velocity, and the cross-sectional area between an autogenous and an e-PTFE AVF. RESULTS: Eight (8) patients experienced an autogenous vein AVF creation, and seven (7) patients experienced an AVF creation using 4x6 mm graded e-PTFE (Impra(R)). 1. Average volume flow: 1611.87 +/-687.52 mL/min for autogenous AVFs and 1725.28+/-269.06 mL/min for e-PTFE AVFs (p=0.67). 2. Average peak systolic velocity: 128.98+/-52.83 cm/sec for autogenous AVFs and 81.71+/-8.93 cm/sec in e-PTFE AVFs (p=0.04). 3. Average cross-sectional area: 0.23+/-0.10 cm2 for autogenous AVFs and 0.34+/-0.02 cm2 for e-PTFE AVFs (p=0.02). 4. There were no postoperative complications, such as venous hypertension or distal ischemia, except for one puncture-site infection. CONCLUSIONS: There was no significant difference in volume flows between autogenous AVFs and 4x6 mm graded e-PTFE graft AVFs after internal AVF creation. In the e-PTFE graft AVFs, the cross-sectionalarea was greater and the peak systolic velocity was smaller compared with those of autogenous AVFs. These results suggest that, in e-PTFE AVF creation in order to maintain on adequate minute volume flow, it is important to minimized the cross-sectional area of the outflow vessel where the lower compliance of the e-PTFE graft increases outflow resistance. Also, we conclude that choosing the appropriate blood vessels and using a meticulous surgical technique are mandatory in establishing optimal hemodynamics for arteriovenous fistulae.
Arteriovenous Fistula* ; Blood Vessels ; Busan ; Compliance ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Ischemia ; Kidney Failure, Chronic* ; Polytetrafluoroethylene* ; Postoperative Complications ; Prospective Studies ; Protestantism ; Renal Dialysis* ; Transplants* ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color ; Veins

Objectives: Medical artificial intelligence (AI) has recently attracted considerable attention. However, training medical AI models is challenging due to privacy-protection regulations. Among the proposed solutions, federated learning (FL) stands out. FL involves transmitting only model parameters without sharing the original data, making it particularly suitable for the medical field, where data privacy is paramount. This study reviews the application of FL in the medical domain. Methods: We conducted a literature search using the keywords "federated learning" in combination with "medical," "healthcare," or "clinical" on Google Scholar and PubMed. After reviewing titles and abstracts, 58 papers were selected for analysis. These FL studies were categorized based on the types of data used, the target disease, the use of open datasets, the local model of FL, and the neural network model. We also examined issues related to heterogeneity and security. Results: In the investigated FL studies, the most commonly used data type was image data, and the most studied target diseases were cancer and COVID-19. The majority of studies utilized open datasets. Furthermore, 72% of the FL articles addressed heterogeneity issues, while 50% discussed security concerns. Conclusions FL in the medical domain appears to be in its early stages, with most research using open data and focusing on specific data types and diseases for performance verification purposes. Nonetheless, medical FL research is anticipated to be increasingly applied and to become a vital component of multi-institutional research.

OBJECTIVES: In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of nebulized bovine pulmonary surfactant on experimentally induced otitis media with effusion (OME) in guinea pigs. METHODS: Twenty guinea pigs were divided into three groups. Four untreated animals served as normal controls. Experimental OME was established in both ears of the remaining 16 animals by a transbullar injection of 10 microL of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide in saline. Thereafter, the guinea pigs received nebulized phosphate buffered saline (n=8) or nebulized bovine pulmonary surfactant (n=8). Nebulization was given daily for 7 days. On day 8, all the animals' passive opening pressure (POP) of the Eustachian tube was measured and histopathological observations of the bulla were made by light microscopy. RESULTS: Nebulized bovine pulmonary surfactant significantly reduced the POP compared to that of saline nebulization. The bovine pulmonary surfactant improved the tubal patency and produced less histopathologcally-evident edematous bullar mucosa. CONCLUSION: Nebulization of bovine pulmonary surfactant plays an important role in treating otitis media with effusion in guinea pigs. Our results suggest that the chosen nebulized bovine pulmonary surfactant can be of good clinical benefit for treating OME in the future.
Animals ; Blister ; Ear ; Eustachian Tube ; Guinea ; Guinea Pigs ; Light ; Microscopy ; Mucous Membrane ; Otitis ; Otitis Media ; Otitis Media with Effusion ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Pulmonary Surfactants

Authors report a very rare case of primary Hodgkin's lymphoma limited to the cerebellum. A 64-year-old female patient presented with headache, nausea, and vomiting. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed a nodular enhancing mass in the left cerebellar hemisphere. Tumor was removed totally with retromastoid suboccipital approach. Diagnosis was Hodgkin's lymphoma of mixed cellularity type, consisting of a dense mixed inflammatory infiltrate containing scattered large atypical mononuclear Hodgkin cells and multinucleated Reed-Sternberg cells. Systemic work-up for the Hodgkin's lymphoma was followed with negative result. Postoperative radiation therapy was given and the patient is disease-free at 16 months after the operation.
Brain ; Cerebellar Neoplasms ; Cerebellum ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Headache ; Hodgkin Disease* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Aged ; Nausea ; Reed-Sternberg Cells ; Vomiting

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether elderly and young adults differ in their recognition of facial expressions of emotion. METHODS: A total of 120 (elderly group 53, young group 67) subjects participated in this study. Korean facial expressions of emotion including happiness, sadness, fear, anger, disgust, surprise and neutral were used as stimuli for facial affect recognition test. Computerized facial affect recognition test that consists of facial affect discrimination test and facial affect intensity test was performed. RESULTS: For facial affect discrimination test, there was a significant difference between two groups (F=3.986, p<.01) after controlling the effect of education. Elderly participants showed significantly less correct recognition rate with sadness, anger and disgust (p<.05). For facial affect intensity test, there was no significant difference between the groups in recognition of emotional intensity. Chi-square test or t-test was done according to the clinical variables. Multivariate analysis of covariance was done to test group differences of correct recognition rate and emotional intensity. CONCLUSION: This is the first report of differential decrease of facial affect recognition in elderly using Korean facial expressions. This study suggests that the decrement of facial affect recognition maye be a part of normal aging process.
Aged* ; Aging ; Anger ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Education ; Facial Expression ; Happiness ; Humans ; Multivariate Analysis ; Young Adult

Internal carotid-posterior communicating artery aneurysms are frequently related to third nerve palsy which is reversible after the clipping of aneurysm. The authors had analyzed 61 cases in 52 patients who have posterior communicating artery aneurysm and evaluated the factors affecting the development of third nerve palsy and its recovery after clipping of the aneurysm. The results are followings 1) Oculomotor nerve palsy was noticed in 10 patients(16.4%) among 61 cases of posterior communicating artery aneurysm, of which 6 had complete and 4 had partial palsies. 2) Posteriolateral inferior direction of the aneurysm seemed to be closely related to the development of ophthalmoplegia. 3) Development of ophthalmoplegia was not related to the clinical status of the patient on admission, but to the amount of subarachnoid hemorrhage on initial CT scan and size of the aneurysm. 4) Preoperative degree of third nerve palsy and the timing of operation are not definitely related to the recovery of ophthalmoplegia. 5) The recovery of third nerve palsy are normalization of ptosis, normalization of EOM limitation and normalization of papillary change in order.
Aneurysm* ; Arteries* ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; Oculomotor Nerve Diseases* ; Oculomotor Nerve* ; Ophthalmoplegia ; Paralysis ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed