No abstract available.
Humans ; Mothers*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Hepatocytes* ; Organelles* ; Rats*

No abstract available.
Geriatrics* ; Primary Health Care*

No abstract available.
Risk Factors*

Although the penicillin is still the first choice of drug in the treatment of gonorrhea in most areas of the world, Neisseria gonorrhoea has become increasingly less sensitive to penicillin preparations. The proportion of such strains also varies from region to region. Sodium penicillin G. is a short acting preparation which enables to attain quick high blood level. The reason for combining the quick acting sodium penicillin G. with probenecid is that latter inhibits renal excretion of penicillin and maintains effective serum penicillin levela long enough to extinguish gonococcal infections. The subjects were 265 male patients with uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis at the VD clinic of Cboong Ku Public Health Center in Seoul during 5 months period from September 1980 to January 1981. The following criteria is used to identify gonococcal infection Gram negative intracellular diplococci in urethral smear and/or oxidase positive typical colony formation on Thayer-Martin media composed of Gram negative diplococci. The 265 patients were divided in two groups(A and B group). They were administered an oral dose of 1.0 gm. probenecid and, 15 to 30 min. later, 4.0 m.u. of sodium penicillin G. i.m. in A-group(152) and 4.8 m.u. procaine penicillin G. i.m. in B-group(113). Only those who were able to be followed up 3 to 7 days after treatment were contained for final analysis(A-group:108, B-group:88), A-group showed 22 failures(20.4%), and B-group 9 failures(10.2%). A significant difference is found between the two groups(P<0.05). Incidence of postgonococcal urethritis was 6(7.0%) in A-group and 5(6.3%) in B-group(P>0.05). We suggest a repeated injection 3 to 4 hours later or increased amonuts of sodium penicillin G. might give better result in the treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea.
Gonorrhea* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male* ; Neisseria ; Oxidoreductases ; Penicillin G Procaine ; Penicillin G* ; Penicillins ; Probenecid ; Public Health ; Seoul ; Sodium* ; Urethritis

Contact Dermatitis due to cosmetics is also common in Korea. as in other developed countries. However. detection of the causative antigens is in a difficult situation due to many reasons. We have routinely patch tested with Japanese cosmetic series patch test allergens, Types 17 and 18 in addition to Hollister standard battery and patients own cosmetics to 4Q cases of suspected cosmetic contact dermatitis who have visited our Environmental and Occupational Clinic during the past one year. The study result was as follows. Total 55% ositive reaction related to cosmetics was observed in 4p patch tested patients. 2 The most frequently observed antigens were hydroxycitronellal, benzyl saliylate and cinnamic alcohol.
Allergens ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Dermatitis, Contact* ; Developed Countries ; Humans ; Korea ; Patch Tests*

No Abstract available.
Diagnosis* ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive*

INTRODUCTION: Sleep has numerous important physiological and cognitive functions that may be particularly important to elite athletes. Sleep deprivation can have significant effects on athletic performance. However, there are few published data related to the amount of sleep obtained by elite athletes. We investigated sleep patterns of Korean women golfers using sleep-related questionnaires. METHODS: For this study, 98 Korean university women golfers and 46 age- and sex-matched controls were recruited. All subjects were asked to complete the self-administered sleep questionnaire consisting of questions about habitual sleep patterns (sleep onset time, sleep latency, awakening time in the morning, day time napping time), exercise habits, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Insomnia Severity Index (ISS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), validation of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). RESULTS: The sleep onset time was significantly earlier (pm 23 : 05 +/- 00 : 52 and 00 : 14 +/- 00 : 51 ; t = 5.287, p < 0.001), the waking time was later (am 07 : 21 +/- 01 : 09 and 6 : 35 +/- 00 : 32; t = -2.715, p = 0.008), the weekday total sleep time was greater (417.77 +/- 78.18 minute and 351.52 +/- 77.83 minute ; t = 4.406, p = 0.001), and the daytime nap time was greater (77.73 +/- 41.28 minute and 20.22 +/- 33.03 minute ; t = 7.623, p < 0.001) in the golf athletes compared to the controls. The PSQI scores were significantly lower, but estimated sleep latency and ESS, ISS, PSS, and BAI scores were not different among the two groups. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that Korean university women golfers have good sleep patterns resulting in no difference in sleep-related stress compared to age- and sex-matched control students.
Anxiety ; Athletes ; Athletic Performance ; Female ; Golf ; Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Sleep Deprivation ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders

OBJECTIVE: Many cases of fertilization failure after ICSI is attributed to decondensation defect of sperm head, therefore, selection of sperm with well-condensed, fully-matured nucleus is critical for successful fertilization. During mammalian spermiogenesis, replacement of the somatic histones by protamines allows normal sperm nuclear condensation. The degree of condensation can be shown with the aid of acidic aniline blue staining, which is able to discriminate between lysine-rich histones and arginine- or cysteine-rich protamines. The objective of this study was to investigate the possible relation between nuclear maturity of human sperm and hypo-osmotic swelling patterns. Hypo-osmotic swelling test is very simple and convenient test to measure functional integrity of human sperm membrane, and each already tested sperms can be used for fertilization. METHODS: For assessment of sperm nuclear maturity, aniline blue staining was performed on the slides, already undergone hypo-osmotic swelling test in 5 subfertile patients with abnormal semen parameters and 8 fertile donors. After 3 hours swim-up, these procedures were repeated in each cases. RESULTS: Sperms with negative aniline blue were significantly increased after swim-up in each group. There was a significant increase in the proportion of negative aniline blue in sperms with swelling patterns(e+f+g) compared to sperms with non-swelling patterns(a), except swim-up group in subfertile patients. CONCLUSION: Choosing the swelling patterns, rather than non-swelling sperms after hypo-osmotic test may be beneficial for the selection of sperms with well-condensed, mature nucleus and intact membrane.
Fertilization ; Histones ; Humans ; Membranes ; Protamines ; Semen ; Sperm Head ; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic ; Spermatogenesis ; Spermatozoa* ; Tissue Donors

Distinguishing epileptic seizure from non-epileptic seizure is a common diagnostic problem. Neurogenic or cardiac syncope can appear similar to atonic and even convulsive seizures. Classic migraine and transient ischemic attacks may also resemble epileptic seizures. Sleep disorders including REM sleep behavior disorder, nocturnal paroxysmal dystonia, and narcolepsy likewise simulate an epileptic seizure. Movement disorders such as paroxysmal dyskinesia can be misinterpreted as epileptic seizures (reflex epilepsy or myoclonic seizures). Psychogenic seizures are often misdiagnosed as an intractable epilepsy. Prior to the definitive diagnosis of epilepsy, possible non-epileptic seizures should be excluded. For the correct decision, a thorough and systematic history taking is important. In addition, EEG, pseudoseizure induction test, head-up tilt test, EKG, sleep studies, and video-EEG monitoring may be necessary. Misdiagnosis of non-epileptic seizures as epilepsy may result in unnecessary anti-epileptic drug use. At the same time, we should let the patients understand what the epilepsy is and that epilepsy is a treatable disease.
Chorea ; Diagnosis ; Diagnostic Errors ; Drug Resistant Epilepsy ; Electrocardiography ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsy* ; Humans ; Ischemic Attack, Transient ; Linear Energy Transfer ; Migraine with Aura ; Movement Disorders ; Narcolepsy ; Nocturnal Paroxysmal Dystonia ; REM Sleep Behavior Disorder ; Seizures* ; Sleep Wake Disorders ; Syncope