This study was designed to investigate dental arch shapes buccally and lingually at Bracket Level of Koreans. This involved studying 63 inviduals (37 males, 26 females) with normal occlusion ranging in age from 17 to 24 years old. The landmarks were digitized and measurements and statistical analysis were performed by NEC 9801 V-M computer. The Results were as Follows: Bicanine width, Bipremolar width and Bimolar width were larger in males than in females. Buccal and lingual arch form and coordination form were obtained by NEC 9801 V-M computer. The parabolic equations which represents buccal and lingual arch form were obtained.
Dental Arch* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Mast cells are localized in the middle ear and Eustachian tube. They play a prominent role in the inflammatory and allergic conditions. The purpose of this study is to investigate if different inflammatory reactions depend on whether patients are allergic or not by measuring concentration of the mast cell tryptase that reflects the mast cell activity. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Twenty-five patients with chronic otitis media with effusion (COME) were studied. Thirteen patients were confirmed allergy positive by multiallergosorbent test. Mast cell tryptase in the middle ear effusions was measured using western blotting. RESULTS: Mast cell tryptase was more strongly expressed in the effusions with allergy positive than in the allergy negative (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: There was a correlation between mast cell tryptase from MEE and allergy, so we conclude that allergy plays a role in the pathogenesis of COME.
Blotting, Western ; Ear, Middle ; Eustachian Tube ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Mast Cells* ; Otitis Media with Effusion* ; Otitis Media* ; Otitis* ; Tryptases*

With the goal of providing optimal care to patients, student-centered active learning and the development of clinical competency have become vital components of the education of future physicians capable of sustainably coping with future challenges. However, the shape of future medicine is dramatically changing based on advances in information and communication technology, and the current classroom model seems to have difficulties in fully preparing students for the future of medicine. New trends in teaching and assessment methods include computer-aided instruction, virtual patients, augmented reality, human patient simulations, and virtual reality for the assessment of students’ competency. The digital technologies introduced in medical and dental education include Google Forms to collect students’ answers, YouTube livestreaming, Google Art & Culture (an online art museum), and choose-your-own-adventure as a story-telling technique. Innovations in digital technology will lead the way toward a revolution in medical and dental education, allowing learning to be individualized, interactive, and efficient.

With the goal of providing optimal care to patients, student-centered active learning and the development of clinical competency have become vital components of the education of future physicians capable of sustainably coping with future challenges. However, the shape of future medicine is dramatically changing based on advances in information and communication technology, and the current classroom model seems to have difficulties in fully preparing students for the future of medicine. New trends in teaching and assessment methods include computer-aided instruction, virtual patients, augmented reality, human patient simulations, and virtual reality for the assessment of students’ competency. The digital technologies introduced in medical and dental education include Google Forms to collect students’ answers, YouTube livestreaming, Google Art & Culture (an online art museum), and choose-your-own-adventure as a story-telling technique. Innovations in digital technology will lead the way toward a revolution in medical and dental education, allowing learning to be individualized, interactive, and efficient.

The complications of peripheral or posterioruveitis, such as vitreous opacity, epiretinal membrance, and tractional retinal detachment may need vitreous surgery. This study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of transpars plana vitrectomy in the case of epiretinal membrance or tractional retinal detachment secondary to chronic uveitis.We included 23 eyes of 21 patients, and among them there was 16 eyes of epiretinal membrance and 7 eyes of tractional retinal detachment respectively. Improvement of vision, 2 lines or more in Anellen Chart, was noted in 10 eyes(63%) for epiretinal membrance and 2 eyes(29%) for tractional retinal detachment within post-operative 1 month. Final visual acuity decrease, compared with preoperative vision, was noted in 4 eyes(25%) for epiretinal membrance and 6 eyes(86%) for tractional retinal detachment with a mean follow-up of 34 months. The most common cause of visual acuity decrease was recurrent or persistent inflammation and resultant fibrous tissue proliferation, which became obvious within post-operative 3 months.Therefore, we`re able to conclude that the main cause of postoperative visual acuity decrease is persistent intraocular inflammation and fibrous change. So it is necessary to remove posterior hyaloid membrance actively and combine with medical treatment like corticosteroid therapy in order to control the inflammation even after vitreous surgery.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Retinal Detachment ; Traction ; Uveitis* ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Knee ; Ligaments* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this research was to investigate the differences of clinical variables between high and low self-stigma group in the outpatients with schizophrenia. METHODS: 209 schizophrenic outpatients were assigned to high self stigma group (n=76) and low self stigma group (n=133) based on the scores of perceived stigma, and compared age, sex, education, age of onset, duration of illness, number of hospitalization, symptom, social functioning, insight, self-esteem, empowerment between two groups. RESULTS: 1) The high self-stigma group had significantly lower age of onset, higher duration of illness and number of hospitalizations compared to the low self-stigma group. 2) In the PANSS, the high self-stigma group showed significantly higher score in the total score and general symptoms compared to the low self-stigma group. No significant difference was found in the positive symptoms and negative symptoms between two groups. 3) The high self-stigma group had significantly lower empowerment and self-esteem compared to the low self-stigma group. 4) The high self-stigma group had significantly higher insight compared to the low self-stigma group. CONCLUSION: Self-stigma in patients with schizophrenia directly reduces self-esteem and empowerment, and may cause depression and a lower quality of life. Therefore, identifying self-stigma and its degree is one of the important factors for good outcome.
Age of Onset ; Depression ; Education ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Outpatients ; Power (Psychology) ; Quality of Life ; Schizophrenia

The fat embolism is a complication which occurs rarely in cases of long bone of lower extremity and pelvic bone fractures or after severe injury of soft tissue, and may result in an embolism in the lungs, brain, heart, kidneys and other important vessels when fat globules flow from bone marrow into such areas. There has been much adverse criticism about the pathogenesis of fat embolism including the incidence, diagnosis and treatment of it, and studies on this subject have been prevalent in recent years. The following results have been obtained through the study of 9 cases of fat embolism at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Dong San Medical Center, Keimyung University during the period from 1973 to 1984. 1. By sex and age distribution, most of the patients were under the age of 40 and there were more male than female patients. 2. Seven cases were caused by traffic accidents and two were caused by falls accompanied by multiple fractures of the femur and pelvic bone. 3. Symptoms generally occured within 48 houres after trauma, however some cases were within 12 houres, some were 5 days and others 12 days. Clinical symptoms which were present at the time admission revealed increased erythrocyte sedimentation tates and decreased hemoglobin and platelete in most cases. Bilateral infiltrates and cotton ball appearances were found in all cases on thoracic radiology, but no fat globules were found in the urine or in frozen sections of clotted blood. 4. Blood gas analysis was performed in 4 cases and Pa02 under 60mmHg found in all cases increased gradually after treatment. 5. Of the 9 cases with fat embolism 6 cases completely recovered and three cases expired.
Accidental Falls ; Accidents, Traffic ; Age Distribution ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Blood Platelets ; Blood Sedimentation ; Bone Marrow ; Brain ; Clinical Study ; Diagnosis ; Embolism ; Embolism, Fat ; Female ; Femur ; Fractures, Multiple ; Frozen Sections ; Heart ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kidney ; Lower Extremity ; Lung ; Male ; Pelvic Bones

The cause of osteoporosis are multifactorial; these include aging, immobilization, genetic fsctor, initial bone mass, nulliparity, postmenopause, cigarette, etc. Among them the hormonal factors are very important. It is worthwhile to study the effects of various hormones on bne cells. Authors evaluated the effects of TGB-B, 17-B estradiol, insulin, and human growth hormone as a stimulatory factors, and r-interferon as a inhibitory factor on the MC3T3 osteoblast cells with measurement of cell numbers, osteocalcin and 3[H]-thymidine incorporation. 1. TGF-B was a potent stimulator on ostoblast with increased change in cell morphology (number, size, shape), osteoclacin level and 3[H]-thymidine incorporation in dose depen- dant fashion. 2. 17-B estradiol was also a potent stimulator on osteoblast activity as well as TGF-B except osteoclacin level which w#as not shown in dose dependant fashion. 3. There were little changes on osteoblast with insulin, growth hormone, and r-interferon. Through this study it is confirmed that TGF-B and 17-B estradiol showed marked stimulatory effect on osteoblast cell in vitro.
Aging ; Cell Count ; Estradiol ; Female ; Growth Hormone ; Human Growth Hormone ; Immobilization ; In Vitro Techniques ; Insulin ; Osteoblasts ; Osteocalcin ; Osteoporosis ; Parity ; Postmenopause ; Tobacco Products