No abstract available.
Osteotomy*

During the last 10 years, we have experienced 169 cases of congenital melanocytic nevi of the face at Seoul National University Children's Hospital. In these patients, various modalities of treatment have been used, including excision, staged excision, skin graft, local flap, and composite graft. Dermabrasion, electrocoagulation, and laser therapy were excluded because these were not definitive treatments. We reviewed over 169 cases based on the involved on the aesthetic units of the face and the length of the defect perpendicular to wrinkle lines. We have attempted to create a stadard for the selection of the appropriate treatment modality. Cases which involved orbital unit(38 cases), cheek(30 cases), and parotid-masseteric unit(18 cases) were analysed statistically. To avoid the statistical error, units of sufficient number of cases and involving only one unit were included. In each unit, we used Receiver Operator Characteristic Method to identify the turning points of the length of the defect perpendicular RSTL which decided the treatment modality. And we used t-test to show the statistical difference between the lengths of the defect perpendicular to RTSL in each modality. The turning point were 0.9-1.0 cm between excision/staged excision, 2.0 cm between staged excision/FTSG, in orbital unit, 1.3 cm between excision/staged excision in cheek unit, 1.6-1.9 cm between excision/staged excision in parotid-masseteric unit. And it was identified by ANOVA test and t-test that the above groups were statistically different. Till now, the treatment modality of the congenital melanocytic nevus was based on the experiences of the surgeon. But now, we have presented the stadard of the treatment according to the size in each aesthetic unit. Therefore we can choose the approproate treatment modality among the severals in accordance with the standards.
Cheek ; Child* ; Dermabrasion ; Electrocoagulation ; Humans ; Laser Therapy ; Nevus, Pigmented* ; Orbit ; Seoul ; Skin ; Transplants

No abstract available.
Foreign Bodies* ; Skull Base* ; Skull*

No abstract available.
Sinusitis*

No abstract available.
Hematocrit* ; Humans ; Renal Dialysis*

No abstract available.
Pregnancy* ; Statistics as Topic*

PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy and toxicity of a new protocol that consists of CHOP- Bleo alternated with a new regimen of Cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, etoposide, and dexamethasone(CMED) for aggressive Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma(NHL). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between January 1991 and December 1996, forty-six patients with Ann Arbor stages II-IV aggressive NHL were treated with alternating cycles of CHOP-Bleo and CMED for a total of 12 cycles. All eligible patients were evaluated for response, disease-free survival, and overall survival. RESULTS: Twenty-two patients(47.8%) achieved a complete response and overall response rate was 83.9%. The range of survival duration was 1-68+months and the median survival time was 42 months. Overall 3-year survival rate was 54%. The range of disease-free survival time was 6-63+months and 3-year disease-free survival rate was 61%. The most common hematologic toxicity was leukopenia and the incidence of severe leukopenia(<1,000/mm3) was 11%. And alopecia(84.8%) was the most common non-hematologic toxicity. CONCLUSION: The results of CHOP-Bleo/CMED alternating chemotherapy for patients with aggressive Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma is not superior to other results of previous studies. Therefore further study will be warranted to determine clinical effectiveness of alternating chemotherapy.
Cyclophosphamide ; Disease-Free Survival ; Drug Therapy* ; Etoposide ; Hodgkin Disease* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Leukopenia ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; Methotrexate ; Survival Rate

PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness and radiologic findings of CT in the diagnosis of orbital blow-outfracture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-four patients with orbital blow-out fractures diagnosed by clinicalfindings and CT were evaluated retrospectively. On CT images, we evaluated the site and frequency of fracture,herniation of orbital fat, extraocular muscle abnormality, intraorbital hematoma, and intrasinus hemorrhage. RESULTS: Forty-eight sites of orbital wall fractures were seen. Of these, 25(52.1%) were observed at the medialwall and 18(37.5%) at the inferior wall. Combined fracture of the medial and inferior wall was seen in fivecases(10.4%), and orbital fat herniation to adjacent sinuses in 25. Associated extraocular muscle abnormalitieswere seen at the medial rectus (n=20) and inferior rectus muscle(n=18). Intrasinus hemorrhage was seen in 15cases, and intraorbital hematoma in five. CONCLUSION: CT is a useful diagnostic modality for the evaluation oforbital blow-out fracture and associated soft tissue abnormalities.
Diagnosis ; Hematoma ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Orbit* ; Orbital Fractures* ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.
Candidiasis* ; Fluconazole*

BACKGROUND: Ropivacaine is an amide local anesthetic structurally related to bupivacaine. A randomized, double-blind study was performed to compare the clinical effectiveness of ropivacaine and bupivacaine in patients undergoing lower-extremity surgery. METHODS: Forty-nine patients (ASA I-II) were randomized to receive 15 ml of 0.5% ropivacaine or bupivacaine. Twenty patients received 15 ml of ropivacaine and 20 patients received 15 ml of bupivacaine at the L3,4 or L4,5 interspace. Parameters measured were the onset time, duration and spread of sensory block, the onset time, duration and degree of motor block, the quality of anesthesia and the heart rate and blood pressure profile during the block onset. RESULTS: Demographic characteristics were similar among the groups. Seven patients were excluded from the study due to technical failure of the block, two patients were excluded due to insufficient data. The onset and duration of analgesia at T10 dermatome (mean SD) was 18.9 7.0 minutes and 187.5 34.6 minutes respectively for ropivacaine, and was 15.2 8.8 minutes and 187.8 40.0 minutes respectively for bupivacaine. Maximum block height (mean SD) was T6.5 2.0 for ropivacaine and T6.4 2.0 for bupivacaine. The incidence of complete motor block (Bromage scale 3) was low in the ropivacaine group, being 3/20 for ropivacaine and 12/20 for bupivacaine. CONCLUSIONS: The sensory blockade profile of ropivacaine, administered epidurally, is similar to that obtained with an equal dose of bupivacaine. However motor blockade with ropivacaine is less intense, less frequent, and of shorter duration than with bupivacaine.
Analgesia ; Anesthesia ; Blood Pressure ; Bupivacaine* ; Double-Blind Method ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lower Extremity*