The knee joint is one of the most susceptable joint to ligamentous injury. For good results, it is very important to make an early diagnosis and to give prompt management. The aim of treatment is to restore the ligaments to their previous anatomic position and tension. The authors reviewed 420 cases of ligamentous injuries in 400 patients who were admitted and managed for 6 years from March, 1981 to February, 1987. The results were as follows : 1. The athletic injury was the most commcn cause of injury(55%), and fall-down was next(26%). 2. The most common ruptured individual ligament was the medial collateral ligament. Combined ligament rupture was more common in medial collateral ligament and anterior cruciate ligament. 3. The ruptured sites of the individual ligament were found to be the following ; a) the medial collateral ligament was ruptured most frequently at the femoral attachment(43%), with the superficial layer ruptured in the midsubstance and the deep layer at the femoral attachment; b) the lateral collateral ligament torn at the fibular attachment(51%); c) the anterior cruciate ligament torn at the femoral attachment(39%); d) the posterior cruciate ligament torn at the femoral attachment(64%). 4. Many ligamentous injuries were associated with fracture(44%) and tear of meniscus- (42%). 5. In stress-radiogram, the significance of ligament injuries was present in more than 10 and 10 mm. 6. Excellent and good results were obtained in 94% by non-surgical treatment and in 92% by surgical treatment. 7. Early surgical repair of the ligament within 2 weeks after injury, gave much better result than later repairs.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; Athletic Injuries ; Clinical Study ; Collateral Ligaments ; Early Diagnosis ; Humans ; Joints ; Knee Joint ; Knee ; Lateral Ligament, Ankle ; Ligaments ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament ; Rupture ; Tears

PURPOSE: To evaluate the radiologic manifestations of the rectal leiomyosarcoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed CT and barium study of 2 cases of rectal leiomyosarcoma, which were operated and pathologically proved. RESULTS: In both cases colon studies showed a huge smooth marginated filling defect in the rectum. Precontrast CT scans showed a well-circumscribed, slightly Iobulated, inhomogeneous mass without calcification. Postcontrast scans showed minimal enhancement with internal low-density areas. In pathologic specimens there were large areas of necrosis and hemorrhage in the masses. Pericolic fat infiltration, lymph node metastasis, or distant metastasis were not detected. CONCLUSION: Leiomyosarcoma is rarely developed in the rectum, but general radiologic findings are similar to that of other part of the gastrointestinal tracts except for the tendency of intraluminal growth due to narrow pelvic space.
Barium ; Colon ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Hemorrhage ; Leiomyosarcoma* ; Lymph Nodes ; Necrosis ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Rectum ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

No abstract available.
Immunoglobulin G* ; Influenza, Human*

Aneurysm of the portal venous system is extremely rare and its etiology is controversial. In the following study, a case congenital aneurysm of the portal vein is reported. A 47-year-old male had a one-year history of generalized weakness. During routine evaluation, an ultrasound examination showed a masslike dilatation of the portal vein near the porta hepatis and its distal portion was communicating with the normal-sized superior mesenteric vein. The diagnosis was confirmed by dynamic computed tomography and portal venography as portal vein aneurysm and an unusually tortuous portal vein. The patient had no history or clinical evidence of underlying liver disease, pancreatitis, or other disease states that would predispose development of an aneurysm. It was speculated that this portal vein aneurysm may have been congenital and that the associated tortuous portal vein may have been secondary to hemodynamic changes in the portal vein system.
Aneurysm* ; Diagnosis ; Dilatation ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Liver Diseases ; Male ; Mesenteric Veins ; Middle Aged ; Pancreatitis ; Phlebography ; Portal Vein* ; Ultrasonography

BACKGROUND: Prior reports of umbilical vein variation were strongly associated with several congenital anomalies. This suggests that the incidence of umbilical vein anomaly was more frequently seen in dead fetuses than in liveborn infants because the leading causes of stillbirth are chromosomal and/or congenital anomalies. The developing liver exerts a profound influence in modifying the primitive vitelline and umbilical veins. This study was undertaken to identify the umbilical vein variations and the associated hepatic and perihepatic structural anomalies in dead fetuses. METHODS: Dissection was done in eighteen dead fetuses who had undergone delivery at Chonbuk National University Hospital between December 1996 and February 1998. The weight ratios of the liver to the body and the right to the left hepatic lobes and the distal attachment of umbilical vein, including the presence of hepatic fissures and ligaments, were examined. According to the gestational age, the cases were divided into two groups (group 1: < 32 weeks, 13 cases; group 2: > or = 32 weeks, 5 cases). RESULTS: The gestational age of the fetuses ranged from 19 to 39 weeks. The fetal liver constituted 3.7% and 4.0% of the total fetal body weight for group 1 and 2, respectively. The mean weight ratio of the right to the left hepatic lobe was between 1:1.4 and 1:1.5. There were no gross morphologic abnormalities in 9 cases. Eighteen kinds of chromosomal and congenital anomalies, including omphalocele, anomalous hepatic segmentation, hypogenesis of the hand and the foot, syndactyly, polycystic kidney, etc., were observed in 9 dead fetuses. A case of an abnormal distal attachment of the umbilical vein was identified. The umbilical vein drained into the dilated extrahepatic portal vein directly. The hepatic segments and fissures were completely normal, but ligamentum teres was not identified in this case. A peculiar hepatic segmental anomaly due to whole organ herniation through a defect in an omphalocele was observed. CONCLUSIONS: The weight of the liver of the dead fetuses was relatively small in both groups. No weight shift of left to right was recognized. The incidence of congenital anomalies was much higherin the dead fetuses (50%) than in the live births (0.7-1.98%). There were two hepatic anomalies (11.1%), including segmentation and distal attachment of the umbilical vein. The authors reviewed all reports of umbilical vein anomalies and propose a classification for umbilical vein variations focused on the distal points of attachment. All variations of the umbilical vein tend to fall into two main groups. In the first group, the veins have distal points of attachment into portal vein systems. In the second group, the veins have distal points of attachment into systemic veins.
Classification* ; Fetal Weight ; Fetus* ; Foot ; Gestational Age ; Hand ; Hernia, Umbilical ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Jeollabuk-do ; Ligaments ; Live Birth ; Liver ; Polycystic Kidney Diseases ; Portal Vein ; Stillbirth ; Syndactyly ; Umbilical Veins* ; Veins ; Vitellins

The malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) was first introduced in 1963 to refer to a group of soft-issue tumors characterized by a storiform or cartwheel-ike growth pattern and predominantly fibroblastic appearance. It was postulated that they were derived from histiocytes that could assume the appearance and function of fibroblasts. MFH has been recognized to be the most common sarcoma in the soft tissue of late adult life which involves the deep fascia or skeletal muscles of the extremities or retroperitoneum. It has been noted in other organs, however, it rarely arises in the liver. We report two cases of primary malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the liver histopathologically confirmed after surgical resection-storiform pleomorphic and myxoid subtypes in the 55 year old male and 49 year old female patients, respectively, and describes the clinical courses, characteristics and pathologic aspects with review of the related literatures.
Adult ; Extremities ; Fascia ; Female ; Fibroblasts ; Histiocytes ; Histiocytoma, Malignant Fibrous* ; Humans ; Liver* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Sarcoma

Recently, duplex sonography has been used as a screening test for the evaluation of carotid arterial disease. If an occlusion of atherosclerosis is located at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery or the lower portion of the internal carotid artery, the luminal change may be directly visualized on high-resolution B-mode sonography or color-Doppler images. But when the lesion is located at the high cervical, petrous or cavernous protion of the internal carotid artery, it is difficult to directly visualize the lesion with the sonography. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the indirect changes on the Doppler patterns of both common carotid arteries with clamping of an internal carotid artery. Thirty common carotid arteries in fifteen normal rabbits were examined with duplex ultrasonography using high-resolution real-time imaging and 7.5MHz pulsed-wave Doppler flow measurements with velocity waveform analysis. Systolic velocity (SV) was 45.4±8.4cm/sec, end-diastolic velocity (EDV) 15.3±4.9cm/sec and resistative index(RI) 0.66±0.08 in the common carotid artery before clamping of the internal carotid artery. SV was 26.3±7.8cm/sec, EDV 6.0±5.2cm/sec and RI 0.78±0.18 in the ipsilateral common carotid artery and SV was 56.6±13.0cm/sec, EDV 22.3±8.2cm. sec and RI 0.61±0.10 in the contralateral common carotid artery after clamping of the internal carotid artery. During clamping of the internal carotid artery, the difference between SV of bilateral common carotid arteries was 30.3±13.8cm/sec and EDV 16.3±9.2cm/sec. There was no difference of the velocity patterns of the common carotid artery between preclamping and declamping of the internal carotid artery. In conclusion, lower SV and EDV in a common carotid artery than that in contralateral side on Doppler patterns strongly suggests an occlusion of ipsilateral internal carotid artery.
Atherosclerosis ; Carotid Artery Diseases ; Carotid Artery, Common* ; Carotid Artery, Internal* ; Constriction* ; Mass Screening ; Phenobarbital ; Rabbits ; Ultrasonography

No abstract available.
Humans*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

This study presents data on the externally received doses for radiation workers who used the Korea Radioisotope Association's personal monitoring and dose record keeping service from 1984. Distributions of annual dose by age of worker and occupational category were given. The number of radiation workers registered was 23,257 in 1997. The trend of the number of radiation workers and their annual doses increased since 1984. The measured radiation dose were generally low. The collective annual dose and the mean annual dose were 33.45 Sv and 1.44 mSv, respectively. Very few workers(0.5%) exceeded 20 mSv(2 rem) and only 1 exceeded 50 mSv, the legal limit for dose.
Humans ; Korea*