Intracranial dissections commonly present as ischemic stroke and as hemorrhagic stroke. In general, while either ischemic stroke or hemorrhagic stroke may develop, the simultaneous onset of both may also occasionally occur. In this report, we present a case of simultaneous development of ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke due to an intracranial artery dissection.
Aneurysm, Dissecting ; Arteries* ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Stroke*

Traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the superficial temporal artery (STA) is an uncommon lesion and resection of the lesion is the treatment of choice. Three patients with traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the STA treated with only manual compression of the lesions were examined for this study. We report on an effective and safe minimally invasive technique for treatment of traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the STA.
Aneurysm, False* ; Humans ; Scalp ; Temporal Arteries*

Objective: If the size of an intracranial aneurysm is below 3 mm, clinicians rarely treat them because of the low risk of rupture. But subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) due to the rupture of very small intracranial aneurysm (VSIA) (saccular aneurysm sized less than 3 mm) may lead to many critical neurological complications. So we analyzed the characteristics and differences between the ruptured VSIA group and the ruptured non-VSIA group. Methods: 421 saccular aneurysms from patients with SAH between January 2016 and December 2019 were included. Patient information including age, sex, and medical history and information about the aneurysm including location, size, aspect ratio, inflow angle, and height-width ratio were collected. And we compared the VSIA group with non-VSIA group about these characteristics Results: 12.1% (51/421) of the aneurysms were included in the VSIA group, while the non-VSIA group consisted of 87.9% of the aneurysms (370/421). The female predominance was significantly higher in the VSIA group than that in the non-VSIA group (p=0.011). No significant difference was observed in location, medical history, height-width ratio between the groups. The mean value of the inflow angle in the VSIA group was much lower than that in the non-VSIA group, but no statistically significant association between rupture risk and the inflow angle was observed. The average aspect ratio was significantly lower than that in the non-VSIA group. Conclusions Ruptured VSIA group has higher percentage of females and lower aspect ratio than ruptured non-VSIA group. Further studies regarding the characteristics of ruptured and unruptured VSIA patients is required for assistance in clinical decision related to treatment of VSIA group before the aneurysmal sac rupture.

An intracranial pseudoaneurysm (PA) is a very rare disease and is known to occur in less than 1% of intracranial aneurysms. The pathophysiology and the modality of the proper treatment of PA have not yet been clearly established. We report a case of PA associated with ruptured cerebral aneurysms which was successfully treated by coil embolization, and also discuss the possible hypothesis on the formation of the PA and feasibility of endovascular treatments.
Aneurysm ; Aneurysm, False* ; Angiography ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; Intracranial Aneurysm* ; Rare Diseases ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Objective: If the size of an intracranial aneurysm is below 3 mm, clinicians rarely treat them because of the low risk of rupture. But subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) due to the rupture of very small intracranial aneurysm (VSIA) (saccular aneurysm sized less than 3 mm) may lead to many critical neurological complications. So we analyzed the characteristics and differences between the ruptured VSIA group and the ruptured non-VSIA group. Methods: 421 saccular aneurysms from patients with SAH between January 2016 and December 2019 were included. Patient information including age, sex, and medical history and information about the aneurysm including location, size, aspect ratio, inflow angle, and height-width ratio were collected. And we compared the VSIA group with non-VSIA group about these characteristics Results: 12.1% (51/421) of the aneurysms were included in the VSIA group, while the non-VSIA group consisted of 87.9% of the aneurysms (370/421). The female predominance was significantly higher in the VSIA group than that in the non-VSIA group (p=0.011). No significant difference was observed in location, medical history, height-width ratio between the groups. The mean value of the inflow angle in the VSIA group was much lower than that in the non-VSIA group, but no statistically significant association between rupture risk and the inflow angle was observed. The average aspect ratio was significantly lower than that in the non-VSIA group. Conclusions Ruptured VSIA group has higher percentage of females and lower aspect ratio than ruptured non-VSIA group. Further studies regarding the characteristics of ruptured and unruptured VSIA patients is required for assistance in clinical decision related to treatment of VSIA group before the aneurysmal sac rupture.

We compared the clinical performance of central 24-2(C-24-2 test) and central 30-2 full threshold test(C-30-2 test) in detecting glaucomatous visual field defect. Thirty glaucoma patients underwent automated perimetry were enrolled. One eye of each patient was examined with both C-24-2 test and C-30-2 test by a simple crossover design. MD, CPSD, SF, test time and number of question asked were compared using two tests. Whether the differences between two tests would be related to the order of test, the duration between two tests, patient's age, and the degree of visual field loss were performed. C-24-2 test showed 24.4% saving in test time(p<0.001), a lower number of question asked(p<0.001) as well as a increase of MD(0.68+/-1.43dB)(p=0.02). CPSD and SF showed no significant differences between two tests(p>0.05). The increase in MD in C-24-2 test was not related to patient`s age, order of tests, the duration between two tests and degree of visual field defect(p>0.05). In conclusion, C-24-2 test reduced test time and increased MD compared to C-30-2 test. It is suggested that the conventional C-30-2 test can be replaced with C-24-2 test without compromising the reliability and ability to detect localized defects.
Cross-Over Studies ; Glaucoma* ; Humans ; Visual Field Tests ; Visual Fields

No abstract available.
Diagnosis* ; Leptospirosis*

No abstract available.
Diagnosis* ; Leptospirosis*

Magnetic resonance (MR) images of 14 consecutive patients with pathologically proven primary intracranial lymphoma were reviewed. All patients had a brain MR imaging before any treatment and were immunologically competent. MR images were acquired using 2.07 (n= 6) or 0.57 (n= 8) machine. The MR images were reviewed regarding the location, multiplicity, size, signal intensity, margin, shape, and the extent of surrounding edema of the lesion. Seven patients had multiple lesions, 2 to 4 in number. A total of 26 lesions was found; 25 were parenchymal lesions and one was dural lesion. The location of tumor was either central (r= 11) or peripheral (n= 14). The size of tumor was variable ranging from 0.6cm to 6.0cm in its maximal diameter. The tumors were isointense (n= 19) or hypointense (n= 7) relative to gray matter on T1-weighted images, isointense (n= 24) or hyperintense (n=2) on proton-density weighted images, and isointense (n= 21) or hyperintense (n= 5) on 78-weighted images. On gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted images of 13 patients strong enhancement was seen in 22 of 23 lesions. Nineteen lesions showed smooth, well-defined margin, whereas remaining 7 lesions showed irregular, ill-defined margin. The shape of the tumor was diverse; round of ovoid (n= 15), lobulated (n= 9), or short linear (n= 2). These results suggest that one should consider the diagnosis of CNS lymphoma in cases with single or multiple masses that abut CSF space and show iso-or similar intensity to gray matter with strong enhancement on MR images.
Brain ; Diagnosis ; Edema ; Gray Matter ; Humans ; Lymphoma* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging*

The need for microvascular anastomosis is on the increase for the prevention or treatment of hemodynamic stroke or planned major vessel occlusion for the treatment of complex intracranial vascular lesions or tumors. The surgical skill of the microsurgeon is the most important factor for successful microvascular anastomosis. Thus, surgical experience in the laboratory is essential. With a review of the literature, we demonstrate characteristics of several training materials for the laboratory and preclinical assessments of surgical skills.
Hemodynamics ; Stroke