OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of chronic deprivation of estradiol on the serotonin level in Sprague-Dawley rat's cerebral cortex and hippocampus. METHODS: One hundred of female Sprague-Dawley rats were taken care for seven to eight weeks, then they were randomly assigned into two group; fifty rats underwent bilateral oophorectomy & the remaining rats were the control group. Six months after oophorectomy, brain tissue was extracted from cerebral cortex and hippocampus and then homogenated: this was done in the both groups. The upper layer of the homogenated substance was taken and frozen and finally dried up. The next process was marking with PITC, quantification through HPLC and comparing with authentic serotonin. Protein quantity was measured by using Bradford method. RESULTS: Comparison between the bilateral oophorectomy group and the control group for serotonin content in the cerebral cortex was 134.2+/-14.3 nmol/mg protein(mean+/-SEM) and 122.5+/-11.6 nmol/mg protein in each group. As for the serotonin content in the hippocampus was 148.8+/-13.9 nmol/mg protein and 132.9+/-13.7 nmol/mg protein in each group. It shows that, there was no significant difference in the serotonin level, in the two areas mentioned above. CONCLUSION: The effect of estradiol on the serotonin level may be dependent on the hormonal change duration. Chronic effect of hypoestrogenism might have no effect on tryptophan hydroxylase and monoamine oxidase, thus not changin the serotonin level. These data supported the previous findings that chronic hypoestrogenism had no effect on serotonin level.
Animals ; Brain ; Cerebral Cortex* ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Estradiol ; Female ; Female* ; Hippocampus* ; Humans ; Monoamine Oxidase ; Ovariectomy* ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley* ; Serotonin* ; Tryptophan Hydroxylase

PURPOSE: To investigate the efficacy of percutaneous embolization of hypervascular VX-2 carcinoma in the retroorbital area of the rabbits using Histoacrylic Blue(N-butyl 2-cyanoacrylate, NBCA) and to establish as an experimental model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retroorbital VX-2 carcinoma was made in 10 rabbits by injection of carcioma cells. At 2 and 4 weeks following the tumor cell injection, carotid angiography was performed before and after percutaneous embolization using 50% NBCA diluted with Lipiodol. Doppler ultrasonography was also performed to evaluate the vascularity of the mass. Light microscopic examination was used to evaluate the effect of embolization on the tumor mass. RESULTS: Angiography following percutaneous embolization showed filling of embolic materials in the tumor beds. Ultrasonographic findings showed tumor necrosis and increased Doppler signal in the tumor. Histopathological examinations showed extensive necrosis of tumor cells with remaining viable cells surrounding the capillaries. There were no NBCA emboli in arterioles and capillaries of tumor beds in multiple sections. CONCLUSION: Since 50% diluted NBCA used as percutaneous embolus into the retroorbital VX-2 carcinoma dose not get into small blood vessels of tumor beds. using NBCA in lower concentration in the hypervascular tumor would be the next step to figure out its usefulness. This study also serves as an experimental model of percutaneous embolization of hypervascular tumor.
Angiography ; Arterioles ; Blood Vessels ; Capillaries ; Embolism ; Enbucrilate* ; Ethiodized Oil ; Models, Theoretical ; Necrosis ; Orbit* ; Rabbits* ; Ultrasonography, Doppler

No abstract available.
Blister ; Humans ; Necrosis ; Rhabdomyolysis

No abstract available.
Axilla* ; Breast* ; Fibroadenoma*

No abstract available.
Drug Hypersensitivity ; Isoxazoles

39 patients with tibial shaft fracture had treated by open reduction and internal fixation with AO DCP and screws applying on the medial surface of the tibia, at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ulsan Dongkang Hospital, from January, 1983 to December, 1985. A clinical study was done on all the 39 cases with the follow-up check over 1 year. In general, because the lateral surface of the tibia is well covered by rich soft tissue, it is popularized to apply the plate on the lateral aspect of the tibia. In our department, we applied the plate on the medial aspect of the tibia, which resulted in mimi-zing soft tissue injuries and, by inserting the screws perpendicular to the surface of the bone, increased stability of the fixation; and therefore resulted in relatively short operation time, relatively low incidences of infection and non-union; but there had been some drawbacks such as focal skin necrosis, hematoma, adhesion after fixatives removal, and cosmetic disfiguring. But there were no problems during the follow up periods. So, this is a recommandable procedure of internal fixation with the plate for the tibial shaft fractures.
Clinical Study ; Fixatives ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Incidence ; Necrosis ; Orthopedics ; Skin ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; Tibia ; Ulsan

The traditional treatment for the femoral shaft fractures in children is closed reduction by continuous traction, usually for 2–3 weeks, until the fracture has achieved partial stability, followed by spica cast immobilization. Fifty three cases, from 3 to 10 years of age, has been treated with closed reduction and immediate application of hip spica csst; all of them were closed fractures of femoral shaft and were not associated with head, abdominal, or vascular injuries. Any angulations in excess of acceptable ranges were corrected with wedging the cast; any overridings in excess of acceptable ranges were corrected by skeletal traction for 1 week, followed by incorporation of the pin to the cast. The resultant overriding and angulation of fragments were within acceptable ranges, and complications were not significant.This method of treatment not only is likely easy in nursing care and comfortsble to the patients but also has some advantages of short stay in the hospital, better utilization of hospital beds, and costsaving. This immediate hip spica cast immobilization seems to be a good method of treatment for the femoral shaft fracture in children.
Child ; Clinical Study ; Fractures, Closed ; Head ; Hip ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Methods ; Nursing Care ; Traction ; Vascular System Injuries

No abstract available.
Bowen's Disease* ; Porokeratosis*

This study was performed to identify the expression of neurofilament in sensory nerve of human cornea. The three normal corneal tissues were dissected. Monoclonal antibody to neurofilament protein were used to visualize the corneal nerve. The one normal cornea was examined to observe the corneal nerve with electron rnicroscope. Transmission electron rnicroscope showed that the corneal nerve contained the neurofilament within the axon. The indirect iinmunofluorescent techniques revealed the expression of neurofilament in corneal stroma. The results of this study show that immunofluorescent technique may useful method in identification of sensory nerve of human cornea, and make it easy for us to visualize corneal innervation pattern in flat section by using of antibody to neurofilament protein.
Axons ; Cornea* ; Corneal Stroma ; Humans*

PURPOSE: Nonunion of intra-articular fractures of calcaneus is rarely reported complication. We present our experiences with 4 patients (5 cases) treated operatively for nonunion after intra-articular fracture of calcaneus. MATERIALS AND METHODS:4 patients (5 cases) with nonunion of intra-articular fracture of calcaneus after operative treatment were followed for 4 years (from 2002 to 2006). For assessment, the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were assessed for clinical outcome and the union of fracture site, the talocalcaneal height and the angle of talar declination were determined for radiologic outcome. RESULTS:The mean talocalcaneal height was 6.94 cm (range, 5.9~7.6 cm) preoperatively and 7.34 cm (range, 6.0~8.3 cm) at last follow-up. The mean angle of talar declination was 5.68 degrees (range, 4.6~8 degrees) preoperatively and 13.1 degrees (range, 5.7~21 degrees) at last follow-up. The mean preoperative AOFAS score and VAS were 20.4 (range, 14~36) and 4 (range, 3~6), respectively. At last follow-up, these scores improved to a mean of 59.6 (range, 54~68) and 3 (range, 2~4), respectively. Unions of previous nonunion site of intra-articular fracture of calcaneus were achieved in all 4 patients (5 cases). CONCLUSION: The reconstructive procedure for nonunion of intra-articular fracture of calcaneus showed good results in terms of bone union, radiologic results and functional improvement than preoperative state. Because the plantar pain for the inferior angular formation in nonunion site may happen, we will pay attention to reduction of fragment.
Animals ; Ankle ; Calcaneus ; Follow-Up Studies ; Foot ; Humans ; Intra-Articular Fractures ; Orthopedics