No abstract available.
Antibodies, Antiphospholipid* ; Antiphospholipid Syndrome*

No abstract available.
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Clavicle*

This dental anthropological study was performed to analyse male and female students of Che-ju high school students. Cephalometric X-rays and dental casts were obtained of 60 male and 60 female students and the Mean and Standard Deviation were obtained. There was no difference in craniofacial morphology between male and female students but the size of craniofacial skeleton of the male is bigger than that of the female. The distance from NB line to pogonion is longer in the male group, and it meant that mandibular symphysis of the male is well developed than the female. The size of teeth of the male is larger than that of the female and is significant in upper and lower canine and first molar. The size of upper arch width, intercanine width, basal arch width and lower basal arch width of the male is larger than that of the female, but arch length of the male and the female showed no significant difference.
Female ; Humans ; Jeju-do* ; Male ; Molar ; Skeleton ; Tooth

Segmental fractures of the femoral shaft result from high energy trauma such as a traffic accident or falls, and it is frequently accompanied by multiple fractures and severe injuries to other organs. Thus it is very difficult to treat these fractures satisfactorily and several complications can be caused. Early operative intervention and rigid fixation is important to mobilize the patient and to ensure early rehabilitation. Nineteen cases of segmental fractures of the femoral shaft were treated with operative intervention(intramedullary nailing) and followed up between May 1989 and Nov. 1993.; minimal follow-up period was more than one year. Results were obtained as follows: 1. The methods of treatment were interlocking intramedullary nailing in 16 cases(colsed nailing in 7 cases, open nailing in 9 cases) and Kiintscher nailing in 3 cases. Bone grafts were done in 11 cases among 19 cases(8 cases in the interlocking nail group). 2. The closed interlocking intramedullary nailing could be obtained in more shortened operation time than in the open method. 3. There was earlier bone union time in the closed intramedullary nailing than in the open method with bone graft, but there was no statistical significance(SPSS/pc+progam). 4. There was a tendency of earlier bone union time in the proximal fracture site than in the distal fracture site.
Accidental Falls ; Accidents, Traffic ; Femur ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; Fractures, Multiple ; Humans ; Methods ; Rehabilitation ; Transplants

The American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth version (DSM-5) finally introduced in 2013. Psychiatrists and researchers of neuroscience were looking forward that DSM-5 will introduce a new paradigm of diagnostic criteria. However, they have criticized on DSM-5 about not including of neurobiological criteria after DSM-5 published. Since schizophrenia spectrum disorder is heterogeneous and hard to diagnose correctly, we can guess that there might be a big affliction in preparation of DSM-5. Diagnostic criteria of schizophrenia spectrum disorder in DSM-5 changed in several points including changes of Criteria A of schizophrenia. The most outstanding change is the elimination of subtypes of schizophrenia, and introducing of Clinician-Rated Dimensions of Psychosis Symptom Severity for further division into homogenous subgroups depending on psychosis symptoms. Until now, the results of various neurobiological investigations are not consistent, so neurobiological criteria of schizophrenia spectrum disorder deserved no inclusion in DSM-5. Thinking comprehensively, DSM-5 might decide to choose stability rather than challenge. In the future, the diagnostic criteria of schizophrenia spectrum disorder in DSM will progress with inclusion of neurobiological criteria, and researches of schizophrenia spectrum disorder will make advance that match changes in progression of DSM.
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Neurosciences ; Psychiatry ; Psychotic Disorders ; Schizophrenia* ; Thinking

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this clinical study was to evaluate the Incentive Spirometry (IS) and Deep Breathing Exercises (DBE) to prevent postoperative pulmonary complications after abdominal surgery in patients over 60 years of age. METHODS: We prospectively randomized 90 patients into 1 of 3 groups: the control group (30 patients) received no respiratory treatment, the IS group (30 patients) was treated with incentive spirometry 4 times daily and DBE group (30 patients) carried out deep breathing exercises under supervision for 15 min 4 times daily. ABGA was taken at ward, PR (preop.room), RR (recovery room), POD1 day and POD2 day. Roentgenographic changes observed at 24 h. and 48 h. after surgery. Pulmonary complications were defined as the development of 3 or more of 6 new findings: cough, sputum, dyspnea, chest discomfort, temperature greater than 38oC, pulse rate more than 100 beats/min. RESULTS: PaO2 in the DBE group and IS group at PR were significantly increased than the values at ward, and the values of the PaO2 in the DBE group at RR and POD1 day, and those of IS group at PR and POD2 day were significant higher than those of the control group (p<0.05). The frequency of development of pulmonary complications (43.3% in the control group, 20% in the DBE group, 20% in the IS group) and roentgenographic changes were comparable in the 3 groups (26.7%, 16.7%, 20% respectively). The DBE group showed the different incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications between upper and lower abdominal surgery (upper: lower= 35.7: 6.3%). CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that DBE and IS were effective in preventing postoperative pulmonary complications after abdominal surgery and lower abdominal surgery causes lesser postoperative pulmonary complications than upper abdominal surgery.
Breathing Exercises ; Cough ; Dyspnea ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Incidence ; Motivation* ; Organization and Administration ; Prospective Studies ; Respiration* ; Spirometry* ; Sputum ; Thorax

In order to compare the changes of dentofacial skeleton, teeth and soft tissue profile in Class I malocclusion patients treated with and without extraction, cephalometric radiographs were taken in 22 female patients as extraction group and 23 female as nonextraction group who were treated in the Department of Orthodontics in Chonnam National University Hospital. The results were as follows. 1. At the beginning of treatment, average age was 19.0 years in extraction group and 15.9 years in nonextraction group. Duration of treatment was 2.8 years in extraction group and 1.7 years in nonextraction group. 2. Before treatment, there were significant difference between 2 groups in the amount of protrusion and proclination in upper and lower central incisor and lower lip protrusion. After treatment, these differences were decreased. 3. In comparison before and after treatment in extraction group, upper and lower central incisor protrusion and lower lip protrusion were significantly improved. In nonextraction group, retrusion and improvement of inclination of upper and lower central incisor were not found.
Female ; Humans ; Incisor ; Jeollanam-do ; Lip ; Malocclusion ; Orthodontics ; Overbite ; Skeleton ; Tooth

Many pictures must be taken for the presumption of the stereorelation of the cerebral artery, which obtained with ordinary cerebral angiography. And it is very difficult to understand the stereoimage and required many experiences. But it is able to presume the stereorelationship in only brief eye's training without the aid of the stereoscope using the prism. For the stereoview, we need the paired angiograms obtained only straight and tilting the X-ray tube. In practice, with this stereoview in cerebral angiogram, we could know the directions of the aneurysmal neck and fundus with the stereorelationship of the cerebral artery and indeed helps us greatly in operation field. In addition, we might guess the location and stereorelationships of the feeding artery and draining vein in arteriovenous malformation and other vascular tumors and it was great aid in diagnosis and operation. Now we present the methods of the pictures for the stereoview in cerebral angiogram and the methods for eye's training.
Aneurysm ; Arteries ; Arteriovenous Malformations ; Cerebral Angiography ; Cerebral Arteries ; Diagnosis ; Neck ; Veins