Objective:To screen the risk factors for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after emergency trauma surgery in the patients.Methods:The medical records of emergency surgical trauma patients (traffic accident, fall, engineering accident, etc.) were retrospectively collected.The general condition and perioperative clinical indicators of the patients were recorded.The patients were divided into PTSD group and non-PTSD group according to whether PTSD occurred within 1 month after surgery.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to screen the risk factors for PTSD.Results:A total of 312 patients were enrolled, and the incidence of PTSD at 1 month after surgery was 19.9%.There were significant differences in preoperative VAS score, ratio of gender, intraoperative use of propofol, intraoperative use of dexmedetomidine, and postoperative ICU transfer rate between PTSD group and non-PTSD group ( P<0.05). The results of logistic regression analysis showed that intraoperative use of propofol, preoperative high VAS score and postoperative admission to ICU were independent risk factors for PTSD, and intraoperative use of dexmedetomidine was a protective factor for the prevention of PTSD ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Intraoperative use of propofol, preoperative high VAS score and postoperative transfer to ICU are independent risk factors for postoperative PTSD in the patients with emergency trauma, and intraoperative use of dexmedetomidine is a protective factor for the prevention of PTSD.