Objective To study the clinical application of the complete audiologic evaluation battery consisting of ABR,ASSR and behavioral audiometry in sound field for the identification of sensorineural losses in children.Methods In the study 48 children were divided as group PTA of the children assessed by pure tone audiometry and ABR and ASSR test,and group BA of the children unable to perform on behavioral evaluations.Results The analysis of the audiometric results of group PTA showed significant correlation between the ASSR thresholds and pure tone thresholds(P＜0.01) at various frequencies.The correlation coefficients were 0.75,0.76,0.76,and 0.83 at different frequencies.The ASSR-PTA linear regression was utilized.The comparison of the ABR and ASSR results of group BA indicated that 23 ears responded in ASSR but without responses in ABR.Those without ASSR responses also had no ABR There were 116 tests in total four frequencies for the 29 ears.83 responses were obtained from ASSR,89 responses from behavior audiometry and 96 from the use of the both tests.Conclusion The comprehensive audiologic evaluation battery could be used to test younger children with severe heating loss children as compared to the pure tone audiometry alone.More detailed data can be obtained thus from children to assist in rehabilitation in a more effective mariner.

OBJECTIVE: Aimed to analyse the clinical features of the patients with sphenoid sinus mucocele, achieve earlier diagnosis and more timely intervention and decrease the occurrence of misdiagnoses. METHOD: A retrospective study was first conducted in patients with sphenoid sinus mucoele treated in Xiangya hospital from Jan 2000 to Jan 2015. Then literature reports on this disease were collected and analyzed from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wan Fang database. RESULT: We collected 82 patients with sphenoid sinus mucocele treated in Xiangya hospital. There were 52 patients presented with headache, 31 patients presented with visual impairment, 10 patients presented with cranial nerve palsy, 2 patients presented with exophthalmos, 15 patients presented with nasal symptoms, and 5 patients with no obvious symptoms. There was no significant difference for symptoms distribution between male and female patients (P > 0.05). Among 45 patients with headache as first symptom and 10 patients with ethmoid sinus mucocele, there were 18 patients and 8 patients subsequently suffering from visual impairment, respectively. We also collected 161 patients in literature except for enrolling, the 82 patients treated in Xiangya hospital, and found that headache was the most common symptom, followed by visual impairment, in the two independent cohorts. CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, this is the study of maximum sample for sphenoid sinus mucocele in China. Headache and visual impairment are the most common symptoms for sphenoid sinus mucocele. Surgical treatment should be early performed when the desease accompanied with headache or ethmoid sinus mucocele, to avoid other complications such as visual impairment and even blindness.
China ; Cranial Nerve Diseases ; etiology ; Databases, Factual ; Diagnostic Errors ; Ethmoid Sinus ; Exophthalmos ; etiology ; Female ; Headache ; etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Mucocele ; complications ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Paranasal Sinus Diseases ; Retrospective Studies ; Sphenoid Sinus ; pathology ; Vision Disorders ; etiology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the development of third molar embryo and establish the normal value of posterior arch length of adolescence in Chengdu.

METHODSThe samples consisted of 40 males and 41 females with Class 1 dentitions, normal second molar occlusion, no history of orthodontic treatment, and good facial balance. Cephalometry and statistic analysis were conducted for all the subject.

RESULTSThe normal value of posterior arch length of maxilla in male was(16.52 +/- 2.35) mm and in female was(16.42 +/- 2.55) mm. The normal length of mandible was(13.00 +/- 2.44) mm in male and(12.43 +/- 2.18) mm in female. But statistic analysis showed no gender difference. Most of the third molar embryo had been formed and their tooth crowns had been calcified, the occurrence ratio was 84.0% in maxilla and 85.2% in mandible. Most of them located in the middle and inclined mesially.

CONCLUSIONThe data obtained in this study will be valuable for our clinical practice and be helpful for the study concerning dento-facial growth and development.

Adolescent ; Alveolar Process ; anatomy & histology ; diagnostic imaging ; Cephalometry ; Child ; Dental Arch ; anatomy & histology ; diagnostic imaging ; Dental Occlusion ; Dentition ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mandible ; anatomy & histology ; diagnostic imaging ; Maxilla ; anatomy & histology ; diagnostic imaging ; Molar, Third ; anatomy & histology ; diagnostic imaging ; Radiography ; Reference Values ; Tooth Migration

OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this study was to study the changes of available spaces of posterior arch segments in mandible dentitions (ASPAS) from ages of 11 to 20 years, which would provide information on normal growth and development of the dental arches in teenagers in Chengdu area.

METHODSThe data were derived from systematically collected preorthodontic lateral cephalograms of 526 patients, including 232 males and 294 females from the Orthodontic Department of West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University during the period of 1999-2000 (aged 11-20 years). The values of ANB angle, FH-MP, ASPAS were obtained using the cephalometric analysis. Afterwards, the growth changes of ASPAS from the subjects and their correlations with age, gender, angle malocclusion types and vertical skeletal patterns were analyzed.

RESULTSASPAS was related to age and class II angle malocclusion. Though gender was not associated with ASPAS, significant differences in curves of ASPAS were found between males and females. The growth changes of ASPAS in the patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion were more obvious than in patients with Class I and II malocclusion.

CONCLUSIONOur results reveal that significant differences were demonstrated in growth change values in posterior available spaces of patients with different races and angle malocclusion types.

Adolescent ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Dental Arch ; anatomy & histology ; pathology ; Dentition ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Malocclusion ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Mandible ; anatomy & histology ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Orthodontics, Corrective ; Pilot Projects ; Radiography ; Reference Values

OBJECTIVE: To study a new surgical approach for cochlear implantation. METHOD: We operated on 8 cadaver heads (16 side) use Suprameatal approach for cochlear implantation, describe related anatomic mark. RESULT: The electrode is passed through the suprameatal tunnel, the EAC groove, the space underneath the chorda tympani between the malleal and the long process of the incus, and the cochleostomy. Angle between tunnel and temporal imaginary line is 28.0 degrees +/- 1.3 degrees in adult, 29.0 degrees +/- 1.7 degrees in children, the location of inserting electrode into cochleostomy is (1.31 +/- 0.13) mm to round window in adult, (1.19 +/- 0.12) mm in child. CONCLUSION The SMA approach is a safe technique, maintaining a safe distance to facial nerve and chorda tympani. So We should make right decision in clinic.
Adult ; Child ; Chorda Tympani Nerve ; anatomy & histology ; Cochlear Implantation ; methods ; Ear Canal ; anatomy & histology ; surgery ; Facial Nerve ; anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Round Window, Ear ; anatomy & histology

Objective:To investigate the mechanism for the synergistic effect of interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) on tyrosinase (TYR)promoter.Methods:The synergistic transcriptional effect,subcellular localization,and protein-protein interaction for IRF4 and MITF were observed by luciferase assay,immunofluorescence,GST-pull down,and co-immunoprecipitation,respectively.Results:IRF4 and MITF proteins were co-expressed in the cell nucleus.IRF4 augmented the transcriptional function of MITF (but not the mutant MITF) to activate the expression of the TYR promoter,but with no effect on other MITF-specific target promoters.IRF4 alone did not affect TYR promoter significantly.No direct interaction between the two proteins was noted.Conclusion:IRF4 and MITF exert a specifically synergistic effect on activation of TYR promoter through IRF4-mediated upregulation of transcriptional function of MITF.This synergistic effect is mainly regulated by MITF;DNA might be involved in the interaction between the two proteins.

Objective Exploring the position and bone wall thickness characteristics of the maxillary central inci-sors in Southern Chinese adults to provide a clinical reference for the design of immediate maxillary central incisor im-plantation surgery.Methods The hospital ethics committee approved the study,and the patients provided informed consent.CBCT images of 990 adult patients(aged 20-79 years)from the Stomatology Hospital(January 2018 to Decem-ber 2021)were categorized based on the dental arch form and age-sex groups.Sagittal CBCT images of the maxillary central incisors were used to measure the labial and palatal bone thickness wall at 4 mm the CEJ to apical,the middle of the root,and the angle between the tooth long axis and the long axis of the alveolar process,to compare the thickness of the labial and palatal bone walls in samples of male and female patients,and to explore the relationship between the angle between the tooth long axis and the alveolar process long axis in samples of male and female patients in different age groups(20-39 years;40-59 years;60-79 years).Results Significant differences were found in the labiopalatine side of the alveolar bone of the maxillary incisor root position.A total of 95.8％(948/990)of the maxillary incisors were positioned more buccally,4.1％(41/990)were positioned more midway,and 0.1％(1/990)were positioned more palatal-ly.The thicknesses of the bone wall at the CEJ of 4 mm below the palatal side,the middle of the root,and at the apex were greater(1.82±0.56 mm,3.20±1.10 mm,and 7.70±2.00 mm,respectively)than those at the labial side(1.21± 0.32 mm,0.89±0.35 mm,and 1.86±0.82 mm,respectively),with statistical significance(P＜0.05).Male bone wall thickness was generally greater than female bone wall thickness(P＜0.05).The angle between the long axis of male teeth and the alveolar bone was 14.77°±5.66°,while that of female teeth was 12.80°±5.70°,with a statistically signifi-cant difference(P＜0.05).The angle between the long axis of teeth and the alveolar bone in the 40-59-year-old group and the 60-79-year-old group was greater than that in the 20-39-year-old group,and the difference was statistically sig-nificant(P＜0.05).Conclusion A total of 95.8％of adults in South China have maxillary central incisors with root de-viation toward the labial bone cortex.The thickness of the labial bone wall is much thinner than that of the labial bone wall,which is the middle of the thickness of the root.In Southern Chinese adults,the angle between the upper central incisor and the long axis of the alveolar bone in males is greater than that in females,and the degree of the angle in-creases with age.It is recommended to pay attention to the thickness of the bone wall around the root and the angle be-tween the teeth before immediate implantation surgery to choose a reasonable implantation plan.

Objective To analyze the spatial relationship between the roots of maxillary anterior premolars and the maxillary sinus,thus providing an anatomical basis for timing,planning,surgical approaches,and implant selection at this site.Methods Cone beam CT(CBCT)images were collected from 264 patients(aged 20-65 years)who visited the Ruihua Dental Clinic between January 2017 and March 2023.The minimum distance from the apex of the maxillary an-terior premolar roots to the lower wall of the maxillary sinus was measured on the coronal plane.The classification of the vertical relationship between the tooth root and the lower wall of the maxillary sinus was performed,and comparisons were made bilaterally,between genders,and among different age groups.Results The minimum distance(Q50)from the apex of the first maxillary premolar root to the lower wall of the maxillary sinus was 7.34 mm for the single-root type,7.80 mm for the buccal root of the double-root type,and 7.36 mm for the palatal root.For the second maxillary premo-lar,the median distance was 2.56 mm for the single root type,1.73 mm for the buccal root type,and 1.23 mm for the palatal root type.There was a significant difference in the shortest distance from the apex of the right second maxillary premolar single root to the lower wall of the maxillary sinus among the different age groups(P＜0.05),with the 20-29-year-old group having the smallest median distance(1.52 mm)and the≥40-year-old group having the largest(4.44 mm).There was no significant difference in the effect of sex or laterality on distance(P＞0.05).The most common vertical relationship between the apex of the maxillary anterior premolar roots and the lower wall of the maxillary sinus was non-contact.There was no significant difference in the vertical relationship classification between the single-root and dou-ble-root types(P＞0.05).Conclusion Most maxillary first premolar roots can provide sufficient bone height,which makes it easy to achieve immediate implantation.The maxillary second premolar root frequently involves insufficient bone,which is necessary to make full use of the bone wall of the extraction socket or the sinus floor cortical bone to achieve initial stability.The vertical relationship between the premolar root and maxillary sinus was influenced by age and dental position.Younger age groups often exhibit inadequate bone height,and the indication for immediate implan-tation should be carefully considered.The number of roots does not significantly affect the relationship between the sinus and root;however,double-rooted premolars offer more support for immediate implantation and socket healing due to the small root diameter and bony separation between the roots.

OBJECTIVETo explore the pathogenetic mechanism of a family affected with Waardenburg syndrome.

METHODSClinical data of the family was collected. Potential mutation of the MITF, SOX10 and SNAI2 genes were screened. Plasmids for wild type (WT) and mutant MITF proteins were constructed to determine their exogenous expression and subcellular distribution by Western blotting and immunofluorescence assay, respectively.

RESULTSA heterozygous c.763C>T (p.R255X) mutation was detected in exon 8 of the MITF gene in the proband and all other patients from the family. No pathological mutation of the SOX10 and SNAI2 genes was detected. The DNA sequences of plasmids of MITFand mutant MITFwere confirmed. Both proteins were detected with the expected size. WT MITF protein only localized in the nucleus, whereas R255X protein showed aberrant localization in the nucleus as well as the cytoplasm.

CONCLUSIONThe c.763C>T mutation of the MITF gene probably underlies the disease in this family. The mutation can affect the subcellular distribution of MITF proteins in vitro, which may shed light on the molecular mechanism of Waardenburg syndrome caused by mutations of the MITF gene.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; genetics ; Pedigree ; Waardenburg Syndrome ; genetics ; Young Adult

Objective: To study the change of STAT1 expression in the anterior cingulate cortex on rats under orthodontic force, and to further explore the roles of STAT1 and related JAK-STAT1 signaling pathway in the mediation and regulation of pain during tooth movement. Methods: 112 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (225±25 g) were used in this study. They were randomly divided into experimental groups (96 rats) and control groups (16 rats). All rats were installed bilateral maxillary device for tooth movement models. Rats in the experimental groups were applied 80g orthodontic force on both sides and were divided into six subgroup 4 h, 12 h, 24 h, 2 d, 3 d, 7 d, with 16 rabbits in each subgroup. The control groups were only installed the same orthodontic devices, without the application of orthodontic force. Brain tissue of the anterior cingulate cortex was isolated after 4 h, 12 h, 24 h, 2 d, 3 d, 7 d since experiment, and the expression level of STAT1 and p-STAT1 was analyzed with the method of immunofluorescence and PCR. Results : For the immunofluorescence result, there was significant difference in STAT1 expression between control groups and different experimental groups at different time points in total (P < 0.05). The STAT1 expression amount in the 4 h group decreased significantly when compared with the control group (P < 0.05); to the 2 d group, the difference is still statistically significant (P < 0.01). 3 d group, 7 d group and control group had no statistically significant difference. The STAT1 expression amount in 4 h group, 12 h group, 24 h group was significantly lower than that in 3 d and 7 d groups, differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The STAT1 expression in the 2 d group was significantly lower than that of 7 d (42.35 ± 5.77) group, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). There was significant difference in p-STAT1 expression between control groups and different experimental groups at different time points in total (F = 623.518, P < 0.05). The p-STAT1 expression amount in experimental groups were higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The p-STAT1 expression in 4 h group was lower than that in 12 h and 24 h group and higher than that in 2 d, 3 d and 7 d groups, of which the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The p-STAT1 expression in 12 h group was lower than that in 24 h group and higher than that in 2 d, 3 d and 7 d groups, of which the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). For the PCR result, the expression of mRNA in STAT1 of experimental groups of 4 h, 12 h, 24 h, 2 d, 3 d, 7 d and the control groups were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Conclusions After applying orthodontic force, the expression of STAT1 decreased transiently and the expression of p-STAT1 increased transiently. The reduction of STAT1 was probably caused by the phosphorylation of STAT1 and decrease in the translation level of STAT1, rather than changes in the transcriptional levels. The orthodontic pain might be related with the activation of STAT1 into phosphorylated STAT1.