Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) refers to RNA transcripts with more than 200 nucleotides in length, which plays regulatory roles directly in the form of RNA. Their functions are affected by their secondary structures, post transcriptional modification and so on. LncRNA can be classified to various subtypes with complicated mechanisms. In human-induced-pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and embryonic stem cells (ESCs), dynamic expression of some lncRNAs is detected during the neuronal differentiation, and a series of lncRNAs associated closely with the development process of the central nervous system (CNS) are found. This review summarizes the molecular biological properties of lncRNA and their regulatory functions in the development of the CNS, which is helpful to reveal the mechanisms of the pathogenesis and progression of certain neurological diseases and results in innovation of their diagnosis and treatment.

Objective:To explore the recurrence pattern and prognosis of cervical cancer after radical chemoradiotherapy.Methods:Clinical and follow-up data of 1 359 patients with stage Ⅰ-ⅣA (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics 2009 staging) who received radical radiotherapy in Zhejiang Cancer Hospital from August 2011 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The survival and prognostic factors of 249 patients with recurrence / metastasis with detailed data were analyzed. The primary endpoint was post-recurrence / metastasis survival time. Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the survival rate, log-rank test was used for single factor analysis, and Cox model was used for multi-factor analysis.Results:The distant metastasis rate of 249 patients was 77.5%, and the local recurrence rate was 36.9%. According to the location of metastasis and recurrence, 56 cases with recurrence in the field of radiotherapy alone were assigned into group A, 157 cases with recurrence outside the radiation field alone were allocated into group B (56 cases with lymph node recurrence in group B1, 78 cases with blood metastasis in group B2, and 23 cases with lymph node and blood metastasis simultaneously in group B3), and 36 cases with combined recurrence and metastasis in and out of the field of radiotherapy were assigned into group C. The median survival time of patients in groups A, B1, B2, B3 and C was 13, 24, 13, 11 and 9 months, respectively (all P<0.001). According to the interval from initial diagnosis to recurrence / metastasis, 110 cases were classified in ≤1 year group, 74 cases in >1-2 years group, and 65 cases in >2 years group. The median survival time of patients in the three groups was 11, 14, and 22 months, respectively (all P<0.001). According to the management of recurrence / metastasis, 138 cases received palliative treatment, 15 cases received local treatment, 45 cases received systemic treatment, and 51 cases received combined treatment. The median survival time of patients among four groups was 9, 37, 20 and 32 months, respectively (all P<0.001). The results of multi-factor analysis showed that age, recurrence / metastatic site, retreatment methods, time interval between initial treatment and recurrence /metastasis were the independent prognostic factors affecting the survival (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Distant metastasis is the main failure pattern after radical radiotherapy. Patients with metastasis out of irradiated regions, especially those with only lymph node metastasis, have good prognosis. Active retreatment and time interval between initial diagnosis and recurrence / metastasis are important prognostic factors.

In the field of dental aesthetics,digital aesthetic design plays a crucial role in helping dentists to predict treatment outcomes vis-ually,as well as in enhancing the consistency of knowledge and understanding of aesthetic goals between dentists and patients.It serves as the foundation for achieving ideal aesthetic effects.However,there is no clear standard for this digital process currently in China and abroad.Many dentists lack of systematic understanding of how to carry out digital aesthetic design for treatment.To establish standardized processes for dental aesthetic design and to improve the homogeneity of treatment outcomes,Chinese Society of Digital Dental Industry(CSD-DI)convened domestic experts in related field to compile this consensus.This article elaborates on the key aspects of digital aesthetic data collection,integration steps,and the digital aesthetic design process.It also formulates a decision tree for dental aesthetics at macro level and outlines corresponding workflows for various clinical scenarios,serving as a reference for clinicians.