To study the diagnosis and treatment of primary testicular neoplasms. Methods:39 cases of primary testicular neoplasms were analysed retrospectively. Results:There were 4,28 and 7 cases in the groups of 1～4 years (10.3％)、15～50 years (71.8％) and over 50 years (17.9％) respectively. 20 patients were semi noma (51.3 ％ ), 18 nonseminoma (46.1％ ), 1 lymphoma (2.6％ ). The cardinal clinical manifestation was painless solid enlargement of the testis. Ultrasonography demonstrated a hypoechoic or heterogeneous echoic mass. CT and MR could provide informations about the retroperitoneal metastasis lymph nodes and malignant changed ab dominal testis. Elevation of AFP and β-HCG noted in 50％ and 40％ of patients with nonseminomatous germ cell tumor? (NSGCT). Combined therapy, including radical orchiectomy、 retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) ,radiation therapy and chemotherapy,were taken. 30 patients have been followed up for 2～5 years,2 of them died of distant metastasis. Conclusions: An intratesticular mass must be considered malignant until proved otherwise. Ultrosonography should be included a conventional examination. CT and MR scan is conducive to clinical staging. Tumor marks is helpful to predicting prognosis and monitoring therapeutic response. The choice of treatment is based upon the pathological type and clinical stage.