Objective To investigate the relationship between the catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) gene polymorphism and the clinical efficacy and cognitive function of risperidone in the treatment of schizophrenia.Methods 105 cases of Han Chinese patients with schizophrenia who were treated with risperidone for 12 weeks and healthy controls of 168 cases were collected.The effect of the drug therapy with the PANSS,digit vigilance test,Raven Standard Progressive Matrices,forward and backward subtests of the digit span test were evaluated,and then the rs 165599,rs4680,rs6267,rs737865 loci in COMT gene were detected.Results (1)rs737865 was not the polymorphic locus in this sample.(2) There was statistically significant between schizophrenia patients and controls in the distribution of allele frequency and genotype frequency in rs4680 (x2=8.16,P=0.02).Haplotype GA in rs165599-rs4680 was statistically significant in schizophrenia patients and controls (x2 =4.35,P =0.04).(3) After treatment,the total score ((47.64±5.75) points),subscale scores (positive symptoms (11.66±2.90) points,negative symptoms (13.79±3.18)points,general psychotic symptoms (22.09±3.59) points) and scores of five factors model in PANSS decreased and the difference was significant (P＜0.05);the scores of digital cancellation test increased significantly compared with those before treatment(t value respectively were 12.34,10.17,4.34,all P＜0.05);the scores of forward and backward subtests of the digit span test were significantly increased compared with those before treatment (t=-5.57,P=0.00) and Raven standard reasoning test scores had increased significant (t=-19.05,P=0.00).(4) The difference of instantaneous memory score changes among rs 165599 genotypes was statistically significant after treatment (F=4.06,P=0.02).(5) The difference of negative syndromes of PANSS among rs 165599 genotypes was statistically significant after treatment (F=3.11,P=0.049).(6) The difference of negative symptoms (F=4.64,P=0.01),cognitive impairment (F=3.21,P =0.045) and instantaneous memory (F=4.86,P=0.03) among rs 6267 genotype were statistically significant after treatment.Condusion Risperidone can effectively improve the psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia patients,and promote the recovery of cognitive function.Rs165599-rs4680 haplotype GA might be risk factor for the onset of schizophrenia.

In recent years, the incidence of melanoma has increased rapidly worldwide. For the high malignancy and early metastasis of melanoma, many first-visit patients were diagnosed with distant metastasis and the tumor cannot be completely removed by surgery resection. Circulating melanoma cells are melanoma cells that enter the blood circulation from primary or metastatic lesions, playing an important role in tumor recurrence and metastasis. Previous studies have shown that testing for circulating melanoma cells by liquid biopsy can be used for early diagnosis, clinical staging, prognosis prediction and therapeutic evaluation, which have received extensive attention. This article reviewed the method of circulating melanoma cells detection and their related effects.

How to promote rapid wound healing and reduce scar hyperplasia is an urgent problem to be solved in plastic surgery. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a research hotspot in current cell therapy. The author reviewed the literature and summarized the mechanism of the MSCs effect on the macrophage. MSCs release multiple soluble cytokines, leading the polarization of anti-inflammatory type M2 cell which can reduce the inflammatory cytokines and promote tissue repair and regeneration.The writer concluded that the polarization effect of mesenchymal stem cells on macrophages provides a new therapeutic strategy and theoretical basis for solving the problem of wound healing.

Melanoma is the most malignant skin tumor, which is characterized by early metastasis and poor prognosis. In recent years, adoptive immunotherapy, as a new immunotherapy, has made great breakthrough in treatment of solid tumors. Represented by tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte, adoptive immunotherapy exhibits remarkable effects in melanoma. Its combination with immunotherapy or targeted therapy will be a certain trend for future development, while the large-scale clinical study on adoptive immunotherapy remains to be carried out. This article reviews the research progress of adoptive immunotherapy on melanoma.

Melanoma is a common and highly malignant tumor with rapid development, poor prognosis and high mortality in the field of plastic surgery. The incidence rate around the world is increasing year by year and the mortality rate ranks first among skin and soft tissue tumors. The rapid development of targeted and immunotherapeutic drugs has greatly improved the prognosis of patients with advanced melanoma. Currently, the improvement of curative effect brought by monotherapy with mainstream targeted drugs is still limited, and the overall remission rate is about 20%. A large number of clinical trials of non first-line and potential targeted drugs have been carried out, showing the value of these drugs and potential targets to clinicians. This article mainly reviews the potential targets and clinical trials of melanoma, in order to help clinicians better understand the prospect of targeted treatments of the disease and find more effective therapeutic drugs.

Melanoma is the skin malignancy with high potential of metastasis, and its morbidity rate is increasing every year. Melanoma patients exhibit a significantly elevated tumor mutational burden, with a higher prevalence of neoantigenic epitopes, leading to widespread activation of immune cells. Consequently, melanoma demonstrates a favorable response rate to immunotherapy. In this study, the infiltration landscape of common immune cells and their function in the melanoma microenvironment were depicted and analyzed. This study contributes to a better understanding among clinical practitioners of the role of the immune system in the development and progression of melanoma, and provides valuable guidance for the development of novel immunotherapeutic agents.

Melanoma is a common and highly malignant tumor with rapid development, poor prognosis and high mortality in the field of plastic surgery. The incidence rate around the world is increasing year by year and the mortality rate ranks first among skin and soft tissue tumors. The rapid development of targeted and immunotherapeutic drugs has greatly improved the prognosis of patients with advanced melanoma. Currently, the improvement of curative effect brought by monotherapy with mainstream targeted drugs is still limited, and the overall remission rate is about 20%. A large number of clinical trials of non first-line and potential targeted drugs have been carried out, showing the value of these drugs and potential targets to clinicians. This article mainly reviews the potential targets and clinical trials of melanoma, in order to help clinicians better understand the prospect of targeted treatments of the disease and find more effective therapeutic drugs.

Melanoma is the skin malignancy with high potential of metastasis, and its morbidity rate is increasing every year. Melanoma patients exhibit a significantly elevated tumor mutational burden, with a higher prevalence of neoantigenic epitopes, leading to widespread activation of immune cells. Consequently, melanoma demonstrates a favorable response rate to immunotherapy. In this study, the infiltration landscape of common immune cells and their function in the melanoma microenvironment were depicted and analyzed. This study contributes to a better understanding among clinical practitioners of the role of the immune system in the development and progression of melanoma, and provides valuable guidance for the development of novel immunotherapeutic agents.

Melanoma is the most malignant skin tumor, which is characterized by early metastasis and poor prognosis. In recent years, adoptive immunotherapy, as a new immunotherapy, has made great breakthrough in treatment of solid tumors. Represented by tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte, adoptive immunotherapy exhibits remarkable effects in melanoma. Its combination with immunotherapy or targeted therapy will be a certain trend for future development, while the large-scale clinical study on adoptive immunotherapy remains to be carried out. This article reviews the research progress of adoptive immunotherapy on melanoma.

OBJECTIVE: Whether blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption induced by chronic spontaneous hypertension is associated with beta-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation in the brain remains poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between BBB disruption and Aβ influx and accumulation in the brain of aged rats with chronic spontaneous hypertension. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five aged spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and five age-matched normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were studied. The volume transfer constant (Ktrans) obtained from dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) was used to evaluate BBB permeability in the hippocampus and cortex in vivo. The BBB tight junctions, immunoglobulin G (IgG), Aβ, and amyloid precursor protein (APP) in the hippocampus and cortex were examined with immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: As compared with WKY rats, the Ktrans values in the hippocampus and cortex of the SHRs increased remarkably (0.316 ± 0.027 min−1 vs. 0.084 ± 0.017 min−1, p < 0.001 for hippocampus; 0.302 ± 0.072 min−1 vs. 0.052 ± 0.047 min−1, p < 0.001 for cortex). Dramatic occludin and zonula occludens-1 losses were detected in the hippocampus and cortex of SHRs, and obvious IgG exudation was found there. Dramatic Aβ accumulation was found and limited to the area surrounding the BBB, without extension to other parenchyma regions in the hippocampus and cortex of aged SHRs. Alternatively, differences in APP expression in the hippocampus and cortex were not significant. CONCLUSION: Blood-brain barrier disruption is associated with Aβ influx and accumulation in the brain of aged rats with chronic spontaneous hypertension. DCE-MRI can be used as an effective method to investigated BBB damage.
Alzheimer Disease ; Amyloid ; Animals ; Blood-Brain Barrier* ; Brain* ; Hippocampus ; Hypertension* ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunohistochemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Methods ; Occludin ; Permeability ; Rats* ; Rats, Inbred SHR ; Rats, Inbred WKY ; Tight Junctions