ObjectiveTo Investigate the influencing fators of somatoform disorder and combidity with depressive-anxiety disorders in general hospital patients.MethodsA multi-center,hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted.A total of 2044 subjects were screened by using general questionnaire,self-made investing scale related somatoform disorder,hospital anxiety and depression scale(HADS) and general health condition survey.Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA),hamilton depression scale (HAMD),mini international neuropsychiatric interview (MINI)was used to evaluate by psychiatrists for the subjects who scored≥ 9on HADS.Results 16.24％ of all the patients with stamic have been diagnosed and confirmed with depression and anxiety.Possible causes for depression and anxiety included family depression history(P＜ 0.001,OR=83.481 ),past incidence of the disease (P =0.012,OR =4.758),weak ability in handling it (P ＜ 0.001,OR =3.790),bad health condition(P ＜ 0.0001,OR =5.283 ),aggravation of disease(P ＜ 0.001,OR =2.840),bad martial condition (P =0.009,OR =1.805 ),multiple intercurrent diseases (P =0.001,OR =2.051 ),and dissatisfaction of the salary(P ＜0.001,0R=2.362) and tiredness of working(P=0.0054,OR=3.136).ConclusionThe risk factor of somatic patients with the depression and anxiety include family depression history,past incidence of the disease,weak ability in handling it,bad health condition,aggravation of disease,bad martial condition,multiple intercurrent diseases,and dissatisfaction of the salary and tiredness of working.

A foreign body was found in left bronchi of a 8-month infant. A fish bone of 26 mm long was pulled out with bronchoscopy under general anesthesia. This kind of surgery done in infant is more challenging than that done in child.
Anesthesia, General ; Bronchi ; Bronchoscopy ; methods ; Foreign Bodies ; surgery ; Humans ; Infant

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the anatomical and developmental characteristics of nasal sinuses in infants; and provide potential evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of sinusitis in infants. METHOD: Coronal CT scans for 36 infants (72 sides) were studied with the imaging station. Reference data were identified on these images using imaging station. The gasification conditions of the sinuses were identified and measured. RESULT: 100% of the frontal sinuses were absent, while 100% of the maxillary sinuses were developed. The mean of the transverse and vertical diameters for the left side of the maxillary sinuses was (8.69 +/- 3.75) mm and (9.37 +/- 2.36) mm, respectively. While those for the right side were (8.95 +/- 2.79) mm and (9.06 +/- 2.66) mm, respectively. All of the anterior and posterior ethmoid sinuses were developed. The mean transverse and vertical diameters for the left side of the anterior ethmoid sinus were (3.63 +/- 1.17) mm and (8.21 +/- 2.72) mm, respectively. While those mean for its right side were (3.48 +/- 1.32) and (8.28 +/- 2.62) mm, respectively. The mean transverse and vertical diameters for the left side of the posterior ethmoid sinus were (4.09 +/- 1.13) mm and (6.61 +/- 1.36) mm, respectively. While those for the right side were (4.01 +/- 1.28) mm and (6.63 +/- 1.97) mm, respectively. 30.6% (22 sides) of the sphenoid sinuses were developed, while 69.4% (50 sides) were not. CONCLUSION The nasal sinuses in infants have already developed. The development of the maxillary and ethmoid sinuses was clear and definite. The pneumatization of the sphenoid sinus was defined in some babies, however, the pneumatization of the frontal sinus was not defined in all babies.
Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Paranasal Sinuses ; diagnostic imaging ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the anatomical and developmental characteristics of nasal sinuses in 1-2 years old children; and provide potential evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of sinusitis in 1-2 years old children. METHOD: Coronal CT scans of 60 cases (1-2 years old children) were studied with the imaging station. Reference datas were identified on these images using imaging station. The gasification conditions of the sinuses were identified and measured. RESULT: 100% of the frontal sinuses were not developed, while 100% of the maxillary sinuses were developed. The mean of the transverse and vertical diameters for the left side of the maxillary sinuse was (13.32 ± 2.88) mm and (13.55 ± 2.43) mm, respectively. While those for the right side were (13.63 ± 2.75) mm and (13.59 ± 2.13) mm, respectively. The anterior and posterior ethmoid sinuses were 100% developed. The mean transverse and vertical diameters for the left side of the anterior ethmoid sinus were (3.94 ± 0.86) mm and (11.92 ± 1.67) mm, respectively. While those mean for its right side were (3.88 ± 0.88) mm and (12.18 ± 1.86) mm, respectively. The mean transverse and vertical diameters for the left side of the posterior ethmoid sinus were (6.02 ± 1.07) mm and (10.51 ± 1.43) mm, respectively. While those for the right side were (5.91 ± 1.20) mm and (10.51 ± 1.55) mm, respectively. 88.3% (106 sides) of the sphenoid sinuses were developed, while 11.7% (14 sides) were not developed. The mean transverse and vertical diameters for the left side of the sphenoid sinus were (5.18 ± 2.15) mm and (5.78 ± 1.86) mm, respectively. While those for the right side were (4.91 ± 2.24) mm and (5.89 ± 2.03) mm, respectively. CONCLUSION The nasal sinuses in 1-2 years old children have been already developed. The development of the maxillary and ethmoid sinuses was clear and definite. The pneumatization of the sphenoid sinus was defined in many babies; however, the pneumatization of the frontal sinus was not defined in all babies. Acute rhinosinusitis in 1-2 years old children is not uncommon. Therefore, definite diagnosis and positive treatment of such cases are essential for avoidance of serious complications.
Ethmoid Sinus ; anatomy & histology ; Frontal Sinus ; anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Infant ; Maxillary Sinus ; anatomy & histology ; Sinusitis ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Sphenoid Sinus ; anatomy & histology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate clinical and imaging character of chronic rhinosinusitis in the children with chronic cough and to discuss the treatment of them. METHOD: Fifty-three children with chronic cough were examined by otolaryngologists and evaluated by computed tomography (CT) scan. Some of them were also evaluated by nasal endoscope. There was not any finding of lung in chest X-ray in Adhese children and children with immunodeficiency were ruled out from the study. The children with chronic sinusitis were treated according to general protocols for 6 to 8 weeks, among them those with adenoid vegetation accepted adenoidectomy. RESULT: Forty-three cases of 53 children with chronic cough, aged from 2 years and 10 months to 13 years old (average 7 years old), were proved with sinusitis by CT. The main symptom of them was chronic cough. Thirty-five cases of these 43 children were with purulence, among them, 8 cases with mucoid in middle meatus, 28 cases with folliculosis in posterior oropharynx, and 6 children with adenoid vegetation. Clinical stage of 19 cases of 53 children were belonged to I type 3 stage, 19 cases belonged to I type 2 stage, 5 cases belonged to I type 1 stage. The maxillary sinus was most frequently involved, followed by the ethmoid sinus, the frontal sinus, the sphenoid sinus. All of the 43 children with sinusitis accepted treatment for 6 to 8 weeks. After treatment, 81.4% of patients were fully recovered, 18.6% significantly improved, 4 with adenoidectomy and 2 with tympanostomy tubes. CONCLUSION The relationship between chronic sinusitis and chronic cough in children was closer than that in adults. It is very easy to make misdiagnosis because of other symptoms.
Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chronic Disease ; Cough ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Sinusitis ; complications ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVE: To find the characteristic of tympanogram results obtained from normative neonates 2 - 7 days about low frequency (226 Hz) probe tone, and to determine the normative values for tympanometric variables. METHOD: Transient evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) screening were performed by using AccuScreen Pro instrument for 135 neonates. Among them, 105 neonates passed the TEOAE screening in both ears. The 226 Hz probe tone tympanograms and their normative values were obtained from them using GSI-33 middle ear analyzer. RESULT: The 226 Hz tympanometric data for the 105 neonates (210 ears) passed the TEOAE screening in both ears showed a double-peaked tympanogram in 202 ears (96.19%), a single-peaked tympanogram in 8 ears (3.81%). For double-peaked tympanogram in 202 ears, the tympanometric normative values was below: the first peak admittance is (0.91 +/- 0.18)mmho, Tpp is about (18.02 +/- 12.26)daPa; the second peak admittance is (1.05 +/- 0.23)mmho, Tpp is about (-35.05 +/- 16.80) daPa; the admittance of notch between the two peaks is (0.74 +/- 2.57)mmho, its pressure is about (0.37 +/- 7.61) daPa. Vec is about (0.50 +/- 0.08)ml. CONCLUSION The 226 Hz tympanograms obtained from this cohort may serve as a guide for evaluating middle ear function in neonates.
Acoustic Impedance Tests ; methods ; Acoustic Stimulation ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Neonatal Screening ; Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous ; Reference Values

Diabetic cardiomyopathy is one of the leading causes of heart failure and death in diabetic patients.There is classic evidence of ferroptosis in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy,which proves that ferroptosis is correlated with the diabetic cardiomyopathy.Oxidative stress caused by excessive production of reactive oxygen species and loss of antioxidant capacity is considered to be the main mechanism leading to diabetic cardiomyopathy.As one of the key regulatory factors of oxi-dative stress,nuclear factor E2-related factor 2(NRF2)and its target gene play an important role in the prevention and treat-ment of diabetic cardiomyopathy.This article summarizes the mechanism of ferroptosis and the pathogenesis of diabetes cardio-myopathy,and expounds the relationship between them,and focuses on the molecular mechanism of NRF2 in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy and its targeted treatment effect.

Objective This paper summarizes the research progress of biosynthesis and pharmacological effects of podophyllotoxin drugs,in order to provide reference for the wide application of these drugs.Methods The plant source,chemical structure,action mechanism and synthesis pathway of podophyllotoxin drugs were summarized.The pharmacological and toxicological characteristics and mechanisms of these drugs were discussed,and the research progress of new dosage forms of podophyllotoxin drugs was reviewed.Results Podophyllotoxin and its derivatives are important chemical constituents in the plants of the podophyllum,such as Dysosma versipellis,Diphylleia sinensis,Sinopodophyllum hexandrum.This kind of drug has few natural sources and can be artificially produced through chemical and biosynthetic pathways.Podophyllotoxin drugs have pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory,anti-tumor and anti-virus,but their toxic effects need to be paid attention to.Drugs can be transported by carriers to reduce toxicity and increase effect.Conclusion Podophyllotoxin drugs have broad clinical application prospects,and will be further studied and applied in the fields of anti-inflammatory,anti-tumor and anti-virus in the future.