Objective To explore the mechanism of quercetin against the toxicity of amyloid β(Aβ)to neuroblastoma cell SK -N -SH.Methods In the experiment,SK -N -SH cells were divided to four groups,control group,Aβgroup,Aβ+quercetin group and quercetin group,and treated for 72h.The proliferation of cells,the concen-trations of reactive oxygen species (ROS)and glutathione (GSH)in cells were determined.Results Compared with the control group,Aβ[AβgrouP =(50.6 ±2.5)]could significantly suppress the proliferation of neuroblastoma cells (P =0.000).However,Aβgroup added with quercetin[Aβ+quercetin =(88.0 ±9.1)]showed decreased cellular toxicity induced by Aβ(P =0.001).Additionally,there was no significant difference between the control group and quercetin group.Likely,the concentration of ROS increased in Aβgroup (523.3 ±22.5 ),which was higher than (190.3 ±25.7)in the control group and (224.0 ±56.0)in quercetin group (P =0.000).At last,quercetin could increase GSH level in SK -N -SH cells and higher than Aβgroup[(3.0 ±0.2),P =0.004]and Aβ+quercetin [(5.6 ±1.1),P =0.008].Conclusion Quercetin could attenuate the suppression of proliferation of SK -N -SH cells induced by Aβ,that might be though increased concentration of GSH and decreased level of ROS.These data suggested that quercetin has clinical potentials in neurology.

Objective To explore the reactive inhibition and electrophysiological changes under the GO/NOGO paradigm in patients with alcohol dependence (AD) in order to provide a theoretical basis for neuromechanism study of AD executive dysfunctions.Methods The GO/NOGO paradigm event related potentials (ERP) were tested in 51 AD patients and 29 healthy controls, this paradigm behavior and ERP-N1, N2 and P3 latency and amplitude were analyzed.ERPs and execution functions were followed at different time points of withdrawal(4, 9,13 weeks).Results The number of correct responses (29.18±3.03)lowered and error responses (5.16±3.77) heightened in AD patients, and differences had statistical significance compared with those in control group(32.35±2.58,3.19± 1.84, P＜0.05), and there was no group difference in response time.There was no statistical significance in group difference in N1 component under the GO/NOGO tasks and in P3 latency under GO.N2 ((3.48±2.21) μV, (4.49±3.00) pV) and P3 amplitude ((3.47±2.31) μV, (3.92±4.09) μV) decreased and N2 latency ((256.30±31.62) ms, (256.09±33.77)ms) prolonged in AD group under both GO/NOGO tasks and so did P3 latency ((355.33±25.96) ms) under the NOGO, and the differences had statistical significance.Group main effects in N2 and P3 component (P=0.000) and task main effects in N2 amplitude and P3 latency (P＜0.05) were significant,group and task interaction was significant only in P3 latency (P＜0.01).ERPs of AD patients had no notable changes at different time points of withdrawal, executive dysfunctions were the worst within the 1st week of withdrawal and gradually recovered to pre-withdrawal levels.Conclusion AD patients have lower reactive inhibition manifested mainly by weakened capacity to inhibit and adjust conflict monitor and pre-executive motor program, ERP and executive functions cannot be well improved during short-term withdrawal, and the GO/NOGO-ERP can completely reflect electrophysiological changes of reactive inhibition process of AD patients.

Objective To establish the rats model of different susceptibility of heroin addiction,and to explore the possible dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) and dopamine transptor (DAT) mechanism leading to the different susceptibility. Methods 130 male SD rats were carried out CPP training,and the rats were randomly assigned into heroin exposure group (n = 100) and saline control group (SC, n = 30). Heroin exposure group were re-classified into two groups according to the numerical value of the CPP-Pre (the testing score minus that of the pretest):high preference group(HP group) and low preference group(LP group) ,each accounting for 30% of the total rats.The D2R and DAT protein expression of high and low preference group and saline control group rats were detectedwith immunohistochemical method in PFC at 30 minutes and on the 1st,3rd,7th, 14th days after the last injection(149.33 ±2.51 vs 135.83 ±1.78 vs99.33 ±2.84,141.83 ±2.50 vs 131.67 ± 1.87 vs99.17 ±3.61,132.83 ±2.40 vs 122.00 ±2.67 vs 100.33 ±4.26,125.67 ±2.22 vs 113.17 ±2.81 vs 98.33 ±3.25,116.86 ± 1.94 vs 108.63 ± 2.31 vs 98.17 ± 3.82 , respectively, P＜0.05). The D2R protein expressions of HP rats were significantly lower than those of the LP and control group rats (P ＜ 0. 05), and those of LP rat were than lower than those ferent among three groups on addiction phase and 1st,3rd days after the last injection of heroin respectively, respectively (P ＜ 0. 05). The DAT protein expressions of HP and LP rats were significantly lower than those of controlgroup rats (P＜ 0. 05). At all testing time-points, the DAT protein expressions had no significant difference betweenHP and LP group(P＞0. 05). Conclusion D2R and DAT of the rats show appears down-regulation in the PFC after chronic heroin exposure. Different individuals have different D2R sensitivity or receptor levels ,and lower D2R related to the high susceptibility to heroin. Susceptibility to heroin addiction may not be directly related to the expression of DAT.

Objective To explore the characteristic of memory impairment and its relationship with Nmethyl-D-aspartate receptor 2B (NR2B) expression in alcohol dependence patients,in order to provide an unprecedented view of alcohol-associated memory impairment therapy.Methods Participants (n=67) included 35 alcohol dependence patients and 32 matched healthy controls.Wechsler memory scale (WMS) was used to access the memory.The expression levels of NR2B were detected with quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).Results Compared with the memory quotient(MQ) of controls(69.45±8.96),that of alcohol dependence patients(50.59±8.64) significantly decreased (t=-6.08,P＜0.01).Compared with the NR2B expression level of controls (1.00-0.00),that of alcohol dependence patients (3.52 ± 1.17) significantly increased (t =9.67,P＜0.01).MQ was negatively correlated with the levels of NR2B expression (r=-0.44,P＜0.05).Conclusion Alcohol dependence patients suffer memory impairment detected by WMS,and modulate NR2B expression may improve the memory.

Objective To conduct cloning, sequencing and expression of Trichinella spiralis ES antigen p49 gene. Methods RT-PCR was used to amplify the specific gene fragment from the total RNA of Trichinella spirais larvae. The PCR product was ligated to the T-vector and the recombinant plasmid was verified by sequencing. T-p49 and pGE-4T-3 were treated by both BamHI and XhoI. The ligation reaction was catalyzed by T4 DNA ligase. Results The p49 gene was cloned by using RT-PCR. Sequence analysis showed that the p49 gene obtained was consistent to the p49 sequence reported in the database. The expressed protein was shown as a new band at SDS-PAGE. BLAST analysis demonstrated that this p49 gene was 99% identical to the p49 gene reported and to the 43 kDa secreted glycoprotein gene in the database. Conclusion p49 gene from Trichinella spiralis larvae was cloned, sequenced and expressed.

OBJECTIVEBy explore the role of serum soluble Fas (sFas) in occurrence and progression of delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning (DEACMP).

METHODSEnzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect serum sFas levels in 40 patients with DEACMP in acute stage and convalescent stage, with 36 healthy elderly subjects as the control group.

RESULTSSerum sFas levels of the patients with DEACMP in both the acute and convalescent stages showed no significant difference from those in the control group (P=0.737 and 0.137, respectively), nor was any significant difference found between the patients in acute and exacerbation stages (P=0.059).

CONCLUSIONSerum sFas is not involved in the occurrence and progression of DEACMP.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Brain Diseases ; etiology ; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning ; blood ; complications ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; fas Receptor ; blood

A key symptom of alcohol dependence is the strong desire to consume alcohol,which of-ten leads individuals to relapse despite negative social,interpersonal and health consequences. Core of crav-ing is repeatedly drinking alcohol and relevant cues can form pathological reward memory,which is the root cause of craving and relapse. Therefore,the extinction of the alcohol related reward memory is important for reducing relapse. The establishment of alcohol reward memories is associated with reward,motivation and memory circuits in the brain. Dysregulation of alcohol reward memory pathways is a key factor in the devel-opment of alcohol dependence, and the nature of these pathways varies depending on the brain region in which they are located. So systematic review that what reward memory pathways are involved in the develop-ment of alcohol dependence,and what brain regions are involved in these pathways,combined with animal ex-periments and alcohol dependent magnetic resonance imaging data,explain how alcohol reward memory signa-ling pathways regulate alcohol reward memory and how these pathways interact with neural circuits,plays a key role in the early recognition,prevention and treatment of alcohol dependence.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the distribution and characteristics of peripheral nerve abnormalities in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) using magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) and to examine the diagnostic efficiency.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-one CIDP patients and 21 controls underwent MR scans. Three-dimensional sampling perfections with application-optimized contrasts using different flip-angle evolutions and T1-/T2- weighted turbo spin-echo sequences were performed for neurography of the brachial and lumbosacral (LS) plexus and cauda equina, respectively. Clinical data and scores of the inflammatory Rasch-built overall disability scale (I-RODS) in CIDP were obtained.RESULTS: The bilateral extracranial vagus (n = 11), trigeminal (n = 12), and intercostal nerves (n = 10) were hypertrophic. Plexus hypertrophies were observed in the brachial plexus of 19 patients (61.3%) and in the LS plexus of 25 patients (80.6%). Patterns of hypertrophy included uniform hypertrophy (17 [54.8%] brachial plexuses and 21 [67.7%] LS plexuses), and multifocal fusiform hypertrophy (2 [6.5%] brachial plexuses and 4 [12.9%] LS plexuses) was present. Enlarged and/or contrast-enhanced cauda equina was found in 3 (9.7%) and 13 (41.9%) patients, respectively. Diameters of the brachial and LS nerve roots were significantly larger in CIDP than in controls (p < 0.001). The largest AUC was obtained for the L5 nerve. There were no significant differences in the course duration, I-RODS score, or diameter between patients with and without hypertrophy.CONCLUSION: MRN is useful for the assessment of distribution and characteristics of the peripheral nerves in CIDP. Compared to other regions, LS plexus neurography is more sensitive for CIDP.

Objective:To explore the application value of CT pulmonary function imaging in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the convalescent phase.Methods:The COVID-19 patients who were clinically cured and discharged from Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology were prospectively collected from January to April 2020. Clinical pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and CT pulmonary function imaging were performed 3 months after discharge. The Philips IntelliSpace Portal image post-processing workstation was used to obtain the paired inspiratory-expiratory CT quantitative indexes of the whole lung, left lung, right lung and five lobes. The patients were divided into two groups according to whether residual lesions remain in inspiratory CT images: non-residual lesion group and residual lesion group. The chi-square test was used to compare the differences in the PFT results between groups; the Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the differences in PFT indexes [forced expiratory volume in the first second as percentage of predicted value (FEV 1%), FEV 1/forced vital capacity (FEV 1/FVC), total lung capacity as percentage of predicted value (TLC%), FVC%] and the differences in quantitative CT indexes [lung volume (LV), mean lung density (MLD), volume change in inspiratory phase and expiratory phase (?LV)] between groups. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between CT pulmonary function imaging and PFT indexes of convalescent COVID-19 patients. Results:Of the 90 patients with COVID-19, 35 were males and 55 were females; 45 were included in the non-residual lesion group and 45 were included in the residual lesion group. Fifty-three patients had clinical pulmonary dysfunction 3 months after discharge, including 22 patients in the non-residual lesion group and 31 patients in the residual lesion group. In patients with residual disease, left lower lobe and right lower lobe LV, left lower lobe and right lower lobe ?LV in the inspiratory and expiratory phase were smaller than those without residual disease; whole lung, left lung, right lung, left upper lobe, left lower lobe and right lower lobe MLD in the inspiratory phase and left lower lobe and right lower lobe MLD in the expiratory phase were greater than those without residual disease ( P<0.05). Since there was no significant difference in FEV 1/FVC and FVC% between residual and non-residual lesion groups ( P>0.05), FEV 1/FVC and FVC% of two groups were combined. Multiple linear regression analysis showed FEV 1/FVC=91.765-0.016×LV in-right middle lobe+0.014×MLD ex-left lower lobe ( R2=0.200, P<0.001), FVC%=-184.122-0.358×MLD in-right lung-0.024×?LV left upper lobe ( R2=0.261, P<0.001). There was significant difference in TLC% between residual and non-residual lesion groups ( P<0.05), so multiple linear regression analysis was performed both in the two groups. In the non-residual lesion group, TLC%=80.645+0.031×LV ex-right lower lobe ( R2=0.132, P<0.001); In the residual lesion group, TLC%=-110.237-0.163×MLD in-right upper lobe-0.098×MLD ex-left upper lobe -0.025×LV ex-right lower lobe ( R2=0.473, P<0.001). Conclusion:CT pulmonary function imaging can quantitatively analyze the whole lung, unilateral lung and lobulated lung, thus reflecting the regional pulmonary function, providing more valuable diagnostic information for the assessment of pulmonary function in convalescent patients with COVID-19.