Ethylene vinyl alchohol copolymer can be developed into new kinds of liquid embolization material possessing a great number of advantages in comparison with the current embolization substarces. The authors reviewed the advancement of ethylene vinyl alchohol copolymer in the treatment of cerebral arteriovenous malformation in recent years.

Objective To investigate the effect of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor on learning and memory abilities and to observe the change of nitric oxide (NO) contents in the hippocampi and the effect of nimodipine in rats.Methods With the administration of L ? nitro L arginine(L NA) into bilateral hippocami,the rat model with disorders of learning and memory abilities was established.Then the intraperitoneal injections of nimodipine were given, Y maze tests were performed, and the NO contents in the hippocampi were measured in turn.Results The experiment showed that the learning and memory abilities of model and intervention rats were worse than those of the control rats ( P

Objective To investigate the changes of serum endotoxin and its receptor CD 14 gene expression in multiple organs in models of acute forebrain ischemia complicated with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), and the pathogenesis of cerebrogenic multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (CMODS). Methods 54 Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group ( n=6), sham-operative group ( n=8) and forebrain ischemic group ( n=40). The rats in forebrain ischemic group were randomly divided into 5 subgroups: 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 h (8 rats in each group). The contents of endotoxin in plasma were determined after models of acute forebrain infarction established. The area density and optical density of positive staining expressing CD 14mRNA in lung, liver, intestine and kidney were analyzed for the relative content of CD 14mRNA using in situ hybridization and CMIA medical image analysis system.Results Plasma endotoxin level was markedly high at 12 hours after acute forebrain ischemia, peaked at 24 hours and somewhat decreased at 72 hours. The CD 14mRNA expression in lung, liver, intestine, and kidney tissues increased after brain ischemia, reached the peak at 24~36 h, and decreased after 48 hours. The highest change of CD 14mRNA expression was found in lung ( P

Tirofiban,a platelet glycoprotein (GP) Ⅱ b/Ⅲ a receptor antagonist has been widely used in the treatment of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and percutaneous transluminal coronary intervention.This article introduces the mechanism of action of tirofiban and its application in intravenous thrombolysis,intraarterial thrombolysis,and endovascular therapy in ischemic stroke,emphasizing the safety and effectiveness of tirofiban in the application of the emergency cerebral angioplasty.

Objective To study changes of serum endotoxin and its receptor CD14 gene expression in lung, liver, intestines, kidney tissues in model of acute forebrain ischemia complicated by multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS), and to investigate the pathogenesis of cerebrogenic MODS. Methods 54 Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven groups: normal control group(n=6)、sham-operative group(n=8) and 5 ischemia groups(n=40)including 12 h, 24 h, 36 h, 48 h, 72 h five time points. Model of cerebral infarction was established. The content of endotoxin in plasma was evaluated with a test kit. The area density and optical density of positive staining of CD14mRNA expressing were analyzed for the relative content of CD14mRNA using in-situ hybridization and CMIA medical imaging analysis system. Results Plasma endotoxin level were markedly high at 12 h (0.184?0.055)Eu/L after acute forebrain ischemia, peaking at 24 h (0.639?0.064)Eu/L and it was somewhat decreased at 72 (0.117?0.024)Eu/L. The CD14mRNA expression in lung, liver, intestines, kidney tissues increased after brain ischemia, reaching the peak at the 24~36 h, and decreased after 48 h. The highest change of CD14mRNA expression was found in lung(P

Objective:To investigate the imaging manifestations and diagnosis of hepatic hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHHT). Methods:The imaging features and clinical data of three HHHT patients were analysed and the related data were reviewed. B-type ultra-sonography, contrast enhanced CT and DSA were utilized to show the changes of the involved liver and the vessels. Results:B-type ultra-sonic graph showed abnormal blood vessels in hepatic hila. CT or DSA demonstrated intra-and extra-hepatic abnormal ectatic arteries, intrahepatic telangiectasia, cirrhosis and hepatic enlargement. Conclusion:CT might be used as one of the key measures for the diagnosis of HHHT.

Objective To explore the repair mechanism of olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs)-neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) gene engineering cell on neuron myeline and axon of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE).Methods OECs-NT-3 gene engineering cell, constructed by ueurotrophin-3 transinfecting OECs inducted by retrovirus, was transplanted into lateral ventricle.The migration and distribution were observed and compared with control group and OECs transplantation group.Then myeline repair and axon regeneration were evaluated in the aspects of function score, morphological structure, SYN grey level Results (1) OECs-NT-3 could survive, diffuse, migrate with axons, spread in the focus diffusely on the 28th day after transplantation.(2) OECs-NT-3 survived and migrated to the transcription level of NT-3 mRNA in transgene group, being (212.3±16.1)×10-2, significantly higher than OECs group ((1.98±0.19)×10-2) and the contrast group ((1.23±0.13)×10-2, t = - 31.161, -31.928, P < 0.01).(3) The myeline of transgene group was kept complete and the number of inflamatory focus was lower than those of other groups (t = 11.388-22.728, P <0.01).(4) The SYN grey level of transgene group was obviously higher (P < 0.01).Conclusion OECs-NT-3 cell expresses NT-3 in EAE stably and effectively, which contributes to the repair of myeline and the regeneration of axon.

Objective To investigate the role of the hypothalamus, medullary visceral zone (MVZ)and vagus in cerebral hemorrhage (CH) in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) rat model.To reveal the possible regulatory mechanism of the hypothalamus-MVZ-vagus pathway in CMODS.Methods 80 Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham-operative group (n = 10), subdiaphragmatic vagotomy group (SDV, n = 10), CH group (n = 20), CH + SDV group (n = 20) and CH + vagus stimulation group (CH +SIV, n = 20).Rat CH model was made by stereotaxis injection of collagenase in caudate nucleus.Its endotoxin in serum was evaluated with a test kit.The expression of FOS in the hypothalamus and CHAT in the MVZ in the rats were examined using immunohistochemistry methods.Results Abnormality of hepatic and renal function, myocardium enzyme in CH + SDV group, CH + SIV group and CH group were more severe than those in sham-operative group and SDV group; CH + SDV group more severe than CH group.CH +SIV group were much milder than CH group.The serum endotoxin level (EU/ml) in CH group,compared with the sham-operated group, were significantly different (1.03 ± 0.25 and 0.18 ± 0.03respectively, t = 10.61, P <0.01).The expression of FOS in hypothalamus of CH + SDV group (9.3 ±2.6) were significantly higher than those in sham-operative group (2.5 ± 0.4, t = 8.17, P < 0.01) and SDV group (2.9 ±0.5, t =7.64, P <0.01), but significantly lower than those in CH group (48.6 ± 18.1,t =6.80, P<0.01); was higher in CH +SIV group than those in CH group (74.3 ±6.3 and 48.6 ± 18.1,t=4.23, P <0.01).The expression of CHAT in MVZ in CH + SDV group (138.5 ± 11.8) was significantly higher than those in sham-operative group (108.2 ±9.5, t =5.39, P <0.01) and SDV group (110.7 ±9.9, t =4.83, P <0.01), but significantly lower than those in CH group (164.4 ± 12.4, t =3.53, P <0.01); was higher in CH + SIV group than in CH group (189.4 ± 15.0 and 164.4 ± 12.4, t =3.14, P < 0.05).Conclusion Hypothalamus may be related to the nerve immunity adjustment in MODS after cerebral hemorrhage.The hypothalamus-MVZ-vagus pathway may be distinctive in CMODS.Vagus nerve may be a Bi-directional Channel of the rats following cerebral hemorrhage and MODS.

Objective To explore the effects of vascular risk factors on cognitive function among the elderly in community. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 1 269 elderly people ( aged 65 and over) who were randomly selected from three communities. Through face-to-face interview, cognitive function was assessed by mini-mental state examination(MMSE),and blood samples were collected for labo-ratory examination. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the vascular risk factors affecting cogni-tive function. Results Age (( 73. 1 ± 6. 6), ( 71. 3 ± 4. 9),t=4. 603,P<0. 05),education level ( χ2=12. 727,P<0. 05),hypertension (χ2=9. 106,P<0. 05) and LDL-C (χ2=5. 157,P<0. 05) were significantly different in the elderly with or without mild cognitive impairment(MCI). After controlling age,gender and ed-ucation,the logistic regression analysis showed that hypertension(β=0. 378,P=0. 006,OR(95%CI)=1. 44 (1. 10-1. 91)),systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg( β=0. 350,P=0. 011,OR( 95% CI)= 1. 42( 1. 08-1. 86),1 mmHg=0. 133 kPa),and high LDL-C( β=0. 355,P=0. 014,OR(95%CI)=1. 43( 1. 08-1. 89)) were the risk factors of MCI in the elderly in the community. Hypertension alone or high LDL-C (β=0. 365, P=0. 029,OR(95%CI)=1. 44(1. 04-2. 00)) alone was risk factor for mild cognitive impairment in the eld-erly in the community. The risk of mild cognitive impairment in the elderly with hypertension and high LDL- C was 2. 00 times higher than that in the healthy elderly ( β=0. 696,P<0. 05,OR( 95%CI)= 2. 00( 1. 36-2. 97)). Conclusion Mild cognitive impairment in the elderly is closely related to hypertension and elevat-ed LDL-C levels. Multiple vascular risk factors can further increase the risk of cognitive impairment.

Objective: To explore the effects of vascular risk factors on cognitive function among the elderly in community. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 1 269 elderly people (aged 65 and over) who were randomly selected from three communities.Through face-to-face interview, cognitive function was assessed by mini-mental state examination(MMSE), and blood samples were collected for laboratory examination.Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the vascular risk factors affecting cognitive function. Results: Age ((73.1±6.6), (71.3±4.9), t=4.603, P<0.05), education level (χ²=12.727, P<0.05), hypertension (χ²=9.106, P<0.05) and LDL-C (χ²=5.157, P<0.05) were significantly different in the elderly with or without mild cognitive impairment(MCI). After controlling age, gender and education, the logistic regression analysis showed that hypertension(β=0.378, P=0.006, OR(95%CI)=1.44(1.10-1.91)), systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg(β=0.350, P=0.011, OR(95%CI)=1.42(1.08-1.86), 1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), and high LDL-C(β=0.355, P=0.014, OR(95%CI)=1.43(1.08-1.89)) were the risk factors of MCI in the elderly in the community.Hypertension alone or high LDL-C (β=0.365, P=0.029, OR(95%CI)=1.44(1.04-2.00)) alone was risk factor for mild cognitive impairment in the elderly in the community.The risk of mild cognitive impairment in the elderly with hypertension and high LDL-C was 2.00 times higher than that in the healthy elderly (β=0.696, P<0.05, OR(95%CI)=2.00(1.36-2.97)). Conclusion Mild cognitive impairment in the elderly is closely related to hypertension and elevated LDL-C levels.Multiple vascular risk factors can further increase the risk of cognitive impairment.