Object To establish a quantitative method for ephedrine and pseudoephedrine in the aqueous decoctions of MAHUANG TANG (ADMHT) by GC MS, and to determine the content of the two components in decoctions of the different recipes consisted of Herba Ephedrae, and other herbs by using the quantitative method will be established, so as to study the effect of compatible medicinal herbs on the release of the two components in Herba Ephedrae to decoctions Methods The quantitative method by the help of characteristic ion was used in GC MS Results The content of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine in decoction prepared from Herba Ephedrae and Semen Armeniacae Amarum evidently decreases, the content of two components in decoction prepared from Herba Ephedrae and Ramulus Cinnamomin evidently increases, the content of two components in decoction prepared from Herba Ephedrae and Radix Glycyrrhizae has no obvious change, as compared with that of two components in decoction from Herba Ephedrae alone Conclusion The method is good in the aspect of separable effect, sensitivity and reproducibility The method not only can quantify the two components, but also provide the bases of quality control for the pharmacokinetic study and therapeutic detection of Herba Ephedra recipes

Objective To study the influence of different contrast injection skills in interstitial magnetic resonance lymphography( IMRL) of breast cancer, and standardize the IMRL contrast injection process. Methods A total of 36 patients with invasive breast cancer were ran-domly divided into four groups. The imaging time of different contrast agent dose and local massage time on sentinel lymph node ( SLN) were analyzed. According to the results, the best contrast injection methods technology program was choosed. Results For the same massage time, different contrast agent doses showed no significant difference in the SLN imaging time (P>0. 05);For same contrast agent dose, dif-ferent massage time showed significant statistically different SLN imaging time(P<0. 05). Conclusion In clinical work, IMRL with a con-trast agent injection dose of 0. 5 mL/person, local massage 1 min after injection can successfully achieve the lymphatic system image of breast cancer.

Background and purpose:Icariin (ICA) is the important active flavonoids extracted from Berberidaceaeepimedium. It has been shown to be effective in suppressing cancers including lung cancer and gastric cancer. Thus, it is expected to be developed for cancer treatment. However, there were few studies on icariin as a promising anticancer drug for the treatment of thyroid cancer. The mechanisms underlying anticancer effects of ICA in thyroid cancer are rarely reported. This study was to explore the proliferation and apoptosis, intracellular ROS and antioxidant enzyme systems of the thyroid carcinoma cell line B-CPAP treated with different concentrations of ICA. It aimed to explore the mechanism underlying anticancer effects of ICA, and to determine whether it is concentration- or time-dependent manner.Methods:The proliferation of B-CPAP cell line treated with different concentrations of ICA was detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). The cell apoptosis and intracellular ROS were observed by flow cytometry. The expression of intracellular superoxide dismutase and intracellular malondialdehyde were measured by SOD detection kit and MDA assay kit, respectively. Bcl-2 and γ-HA2X were detected by Western blot.Results:ICA reduced B-CPAP cell activity, increased the rate of apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner after 48 h (P<0.01). The ROS of ICA 50 mg/L and 200 mg/L groups were (2.12±0.14)-fold and (2.41±0.12)-fold of the control group, respectively. ICA promoted accumulation of malondialdehyde, and reduced antioxidant enzyme SOD activity. The SOD activity was decreased by (9.35±1.45)% (ICA 50 mg/L group) and (21.5±1.52)% (ICA 200 mg/L group) compared with the control group, respectively. The anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 in ICA 200 mg/L group was decreased by (13.64±1.71)%compared with the control group.Conclusion:Icariin inhibited activity of thyroid cancer B-CPAP cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. It plays an important role in promoting intracellular ROS expression, inhibiting superoxide dismutase expression and decreasing Bcl-2, which leads to irreversible damage to the cell, thereby inducing apoptosis.

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AIM: To study the effects of chronic metabolic acidosis on glomerulus, mesangial cells and the production of extracellular matrix. METHODS: Chronic metabolic acidosis was induced by addition of 0.28 mol/L NH_4Cl to drinking water for 3, 7, or 14 days in male Wistar rats (n=10). Light microscope combined with computer software (Motic Images Advanced 3.2) was used to determine the effect of chronic acid loading on renal morphologic changes. The expressions of proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and p27 in glomeruli were detected by Western blotting or immunohistochemistry. Fibronectin (FN) mRNA was detected by real-time PCR. The proliferation of mesangial cells in vitro was determined by ~3H:-TdR incorporation. The concentration of FN in cultured supernatant was detected by ELISA. RESULTS: On day 1, 3, 7 and 14, the arterial pH and plasma HCO_3~-: in experimental rats were significantly decreased. There was a significantly increased in the kidney weight and the ratio of kidney to body weigh in experimental rats on day 3, 7 and 14. The glomerular area and cell numbers also increased significantly. Immunoblotting demonstrated decreased p27 expression and increased PCNA expression in isolated glomeruli, and the expression of PCNA increased in a time-dependent manner following the time of chronic metabolic acidosis. Immunohistochemistry showed increased positive PCNA expression mainly localized to mesangial cells. The expression of FN mRNA was significantly elevated in experimental rats on day 7 and 14. In vitro, acid loading induced mesangial cell proliferation and synthesis of FN. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that chronic metabolic acidosis induces mesangial cell proliferation, and its mechanism may be associated with the downregulation of cell cycle kinase inhibitor p27.

The academic origin of homogeny of spleen and pancreas is explained from the aspect of Chinese medicine.The authors think spleen faihng to spread essence is the basic pathogenesis to diabetes mellitus.Spleen function of spreading essence is impaired.Thus essence of water and grain could not be spread in the whole body but amass sugar-turbidity,which manifests high blood sugar.Differentiating diabetes mellitus from the viewpoint of spleen,invigorating spleen and benefiting Qi could help spleen to ascend clear.Invigorating spleen-yin and clearing endogenous heat are used.The liver and kidney should be considered.The methods of dissipating phlegm and activating blood circulation could be combined.The treating idea of treating spleen is treating pancreas should be used in preventing and treating diabetes mellitus.

Objective To observe the growing shape and function of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells implanted on the polysilicon nanopore membrane by micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS). Methods The polysilicon nanomembrane was made by silicon film processed via whirling photoresist, wet etching, electroplating and so on, and then it was coated by extracellular matrix and implanted with MDCK cells. The cell growth shape and function was observed or examined by scanning electron microscope or MTT test and Trypan Blue staining.Results The nanomembrane with regular slit pores was successfully fabricated. Extracellular matrix-coated nanomembrane, especially for collagen Ⅳ coating, was more suitable for MDCK cells to adhere and proliferate without membrane injury. The polysilicon nanomembrane coated with extracellular matrix did not induce the cell death and also not stimulate cells releasing the cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). Under scanning electron microscope, MDCK cells formed a flat single-cell fusion with tight junction on the surface of polysilicon nanomembrane and there was a large number of microvillus on the top of cells.Conclusion The collagen-coated polysilicon nanomembrane made by MEMS techniques, with no cytotoxicity and good biocompatibility, is valuable to frame the artificial glomerular filtration membrane

Objective To establish a citrate pharmacokinetics model which is applied to evaluate the risk of citrate accumulation in patients with liver dysfunction in the continuous renal replacement treatment (CRRT) with regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA). Methods The source of citrate for extracorporeal anticoagulation, the body clearance and filter elimination of citrate, which were the three major citrate fluxes of systemic citrate level, were combined into a single-pool, first order kinetic equation. The data from a published clinical study of systemic citrate kinetics in the intensive care unit patients with or without liver cirrhosis were adapted and the citrate kinetic equation was applied to predict the risk of systemic citrate accumulation in patients with normal, impaired and absent liver clearance while different RCA-CRRT protocols were carried out. Results The single pool, first order citrate kinetic modeling equation was as follows:Csys=C(0)·e-[(clb+clf)·t/V]+G/CLb+CLf×(1-e-[(clb+clf)·t/V])There was excellent agreement between published citrate measurements and our predictions. Kinetic modeling showed that the plasma citrate concentration of patients with normal citrate body clearance was no more than 1 mmol/L during common RCA-CRRT. The model predicted that when the single pass fractional extraction of citrate on the artificial kidney was above 66％, systemic steady citrate concentration would be among the safe range even in patients of impaired body metabolism of citrate.Conclusions The citrate kinetic model of RCA-CRRT can predict the risk of systemic citrate accumulation and provide the basis for designing the safe RCA-protocols for the patients with impaired body clearance of citrate.

OBJECTIVEThe spectral imaging method was used to quickly identify the Cortex Dictamni pieces and its counterfeit alangium Chinese, which is a potential method would be applied to control the quality of the Cortex Dictamni pieces.

METHODStandard sample, 5 cortex dictamni samples and its counterfeit alangium Chinese of different sources were tested by the liquid crystal imaging instrument. The spectrum resolution was 5 nm, the spectral range was from 405 nm to 680 nm, and the spatial resolution was 50 lp x mm(-1). The characteristic spectrum curves were picked up from spectral cube and principal analysis method was used to analyze the results.

RESULTThe identification results by the spectral imaging method accorded well with the results by the traditional biology and chemistry analysis method.

CONCLUSIONThe spectral imaging analysis method can be used to identify the cortex dictamni pieces and its counterfeit alangium Chinense. The testing course is convenient, quick and noninvasive.

Objective To evaluate the role of nutritional parameters in prognosis,especially in the early and late mortality of hospital-acquired acute kidney injury (AKI) patients.Methods This study was a prospective cohort study conducted in a hospital comprising 1500 beds in Shanghai, China. One hundred ninety-four patients with hospital-acquired AKI, as determined using the RIFLE staging criteria,were enrolled as subjects after obtaining informed consent.Patients with AKI caused by postrenal obstruction,glomerulonephritis,interstitial nephritis or vasculitis were excluded.Nutritional evaluation,including subjective global assessment (SGA),anthropometric and laboratory examination,was conducted. Other laboratory measurements and clinical data were recorded.The primary outcome was early mortality (≤ 7 days) and late mortality (8-28 days) after enrolling into the study. Results AKI patients at enrollment were characterized by a high prevalence of malnutrition as determined by SGA, anthropometric and laboratory examination.Univariate analysis showed that the SGA,the serum levels of prealbumin,cholesterol and total lymphatic cells, and the Maastricht index were significantly different among early mortality,late mortality and survival groups.The serum prealbumin and cholesterol levels in the early death group were significantly lower than those in the survival and late death groups (P＜0.05).Multivariate analysis revealed that SGA,albumin,prealbumin and cholesterol remained independently and significantly associated with early mortality after adjusting for age,sex,dialysis,ventilation,hemoglobin,platelets,bilirubin,and Glasgow coma score.The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve to predict early mortality for albumin,prealbumin and cholesterol were 0.591,0.736 and 0.603,respectively,with that of prealbumin significantly higher than others (P＜0.05). Conclusion Low levels of serum prealbumin,albumin and cholesterol at enrollment are independtly associated with increased early mortality in hospital-acquired AKI patients.