OBJECTIVE To investigate the causes and preventive measures of postoperative pneumonia due to cervical part and upper thoracic part esophageal carcinoma surgery. METHODS Fifty seven cases with cervical part or upper thoracic part esophageal carcinoma from 2001 to 2005 were studied restropectively. RESULTS One patient died of aspiration pneumonia,one died of anastomotic leakage,and three died of adult respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS).The tracheotomy and mechanical ventilation were applied.Pneumonia was confirmed among sixteen patients at different degree. CONCLUSIONS Many causes contribute to postoperative pneumonia on patients with cervical part or thoracic part esophageal carcinoma,and the lesion of recurrent nerve is an important reason.Protection of recurrent nerve may decrease postoperative pneumonia.

Objective To study the correlation between spiral CT(SCT)feature of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)and the levels of soluble Fas(sFas)and FasL(sFasL)in serum.Methods 32 cases of NSCLC proved pathologically and examined with SCT were analyzed retrospectively.Serum level of sFas and sFasL were determined by double antibody sandwich Enzyme linked immunosorbenl assays(ELISA).The SCT features were compared with level of sFas and sFasL.Results No significance was found between serum levels of sFas and sFasL and tumor type and size(P

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the clinical features and treatment methods for simple orbital blowout fracture. METHOD: Retrospective analysis of the CT images of 16 orbital blowout fracture case, and identification of the sites, degree, patterns and features of fractures. Among the 16 cases, 2 cases adopted conservative treatment; 11 cases gained a reduction of orbital fracture through endoscopic transnasal surgery; the other 3 patients choosed endoscopic transnasal surgery and Caldwell-Luc operations. RESULT: Among 16 diplopia cases, 13 cases were completely cured, and 3 patients' vision were significantly improved. Among 11 enophthalmos cases, 10 patients were cured, and the effect of the other one was not satisfied. Among the 15 eye movement disorder cases, 13 patients' eye movement gained a full recovery, and the other 2 cases were nearly normal. All patients' vision were improved in different extents, and no one got a complication. CONCLUSION Computerized Tomography is helpful to the diagnosis of simple orbital blowout fracture. Caldwell-Luc operation with transnasal endoscope is an effective method for the treatment of orbital fractures.
Diplopia ; etiology ; Endoscopy ; Enophthalmos ; etiology ; Humans ; Orbital Fractures ; complications ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective To study the effects of.breathing booster training and aerosol inhalation with terbutaline and ambroxol on pulmonary function in postoperative lung cancer patients. Methods A total of 84 patients requiring resection operations for lung cancer were randomly divided into treatment and control groups.In the peri-operative period,breathing booster training and terbutaline and ambroxol aerosol inhalation were given to the treatment group,while only aerosol inhalation was given to the control group.Therapeutic effects were evaluated according to patients pulmonary function and postoperative complications 2 weeks and 1 day before the operation,and again 2 weeks after the operation.Postoperative quality of life (QOL) was evaluated with St.George's respiratory questionnaire (SGRQ) 1 month after the operation. Results There was no statistically significant difference in average pulmonary function between the two groups 2 weeks before the operation.Two weeks after the operation,pulmonary function had decreased in both groups,but it was significantly better in the treatment group than in the control group.The treatment group also had significantly fewer pulmonary complications.The QOL of patients in the treatment group had improved significantly 1 month after the operation. Conclusion Breathing booster training and inhalation of terbutaline and ambroxol aerosol during the peri-operative period can significantly improve pulmonary function,reduce respiratory complications and improve the QOL of patients requiring lung cancer resection operations.This is most important for promoting their early recovery.

Objective To assess the therapeutic effect and quality of life (QOL) of patients with anastomotic stenosis after bougienage of esophagus following resection of esophagus with esophageal and of cardiac carcinoma.Methods A total of 135 patients suffering from anastomotie stenosis after resection operations were divided into a treatment group and a control group at random. All patients were given an esophageal dilator under gastroseope. In treatment group, deglutition training was given additionally, twice daily, 10 to 20 trials in each session. Therapeutic effect was evaluated according to patients' food intake and gastroscopy results of diameter of stenosis before treatment and 2,4,8 weeks after treatment. QOL was evaluated with Chinese version of SF-36 instrument. Results The food intake of all the patients improved. There was no difference of diameter of stenosis in degree Ⅰ stenosis patients be-tween two groups (P > 0.05 ) ; but the differences were statistically significant in degree Ⅱ and Ⅲ stenosis patients (P < 0.05). In treatment group, the degree and duration of improvement were more obvious. QOL of patients with degree Ⅱ and Ⅲ stenosis in both groups improved significantly after treatment ( P < 0.05 ), but compared with con-trol group the improvement was significantly greater in treatment group (P < 0.05). Conclusion The therapeutic effect of bougienage of esophagus can be strengthened with deglutition training. This combinative therapy is safe and effective.

Aim To explore the relationship between Snail and P-gp in breast cancer cell,and to reveal the effect of epithelial-mesenchymal transformation(EMT)on the multidrug-resistance(MDR)of breast cancer cell.Methods The eukaryotic expression vector pCDNA3.1-Snail was constructed, and then transfected into human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 to constuct MCF-7/Snail.Both cell lines MCF-7 and MCF-7/Snail were induced by adriamycin(ADM).Cell cytotoxicity assay and ADM efflux assay were used to measure the ability of drug resistance.The positive rate of P-gp of the two cell lines was detected by flow cytometry;the mRNA of MDR1 and Snail was evaluated by real-time PCR.Results MCF-7,the expression of MDR1 mRNA and Snail mRNA in MCF-7/Snail cell lines significantly increased;the expression of P-gp was increased too;the RR increased to 109.2;fluorescence intensity intracellular was reduced to 7.1.Conclusion After transfected the eukaryotic expression vector,the capacity of MCF-7/Snail strongly increases compared with that of MCF-7.

This study was performed to investigate the effects of Arbutin(Ar)on oxidative stress,apoptosis level and inflammatory response of H9c2 cardiomyocytes induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS).H9c2 cardiomyocytes were randomly divided into blank control group,lipopolysaccharide group(LPS),LPS+Ar(25 μmol/L)group,LPS+Ar(50 μmol/L)group,LPS+Ar(100 μmol/L)group and Ar(50 μmol/L)group.CCK-8 was used to detect the cell viability of H9c2 cardiomyocytes after LPS treatment and Ar treatment;DCFH-DA fluorescence labeling was used to detect the ROS levels of H9c2 cardiomyocytes;flow cytometry was applied to detect cell apoptosis rate;Western blot was used to detect the expression of apoptosis-related proteins(Caspase-3)and inflammatory proteins(IL-1β and TNF-α).Data showed that compared with the LPS group,the cell viabilities were recovered after Ar treatment.The level of oxidative stress markers(ROS),apoptosis rate,and inflammatory factor levels(IL-1β and TNF-α)in the LPS+Ar groups were significantly reduced compared with the LPS group(P<0.05).In conclusion,Ar can alleviate the damage,apoptosis,oxidative stress and inflammatory response of LPS-induced H9c2 cardiomyocytes.

Objective: To explore the effect of hydrogen-rich saline on the CD4⁺ CD25⁺ Foxp3⁺ Treg cells in a guinea pig model of allergic rhinitis (AR) and investigate the underling anti-inflammatory mechanism. Methods: Using random number table, eighteen guinea pigs were divided into three groups (control group/AR group/HRS group, n=6 of each group). AR guinea pig model was built with ovalbumin and aluminum. The guinea pigs were injected with hydrogen-rich saline (HRS group) for ten days after sensitation. And control group was injected with equal normal saline at the same time. Number of sneezes, degree of runny nose and nasal rubbing movements were scored. Peripheral blood eosinophil count was recorded. The content of interleukin 10(IL-10) and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) in the serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Immunohistochemical method was taken to detect IL-10 and TGF-β in nasal mucosa. The proportion of CD4⁺ CD25⁺ Foxp3⁺ T cells in the CD4⁺ T cells of spleen and peripheral blood were determined with flow cytometry. SPSS 17.0 software was used to analyze the data. Results: There was significant difference in symptom scores among them. The scores of AR group preceded control group, and HRS could decrease the scores of AR ((6.29±1.79) vs (1.01±0.71), (4.50±0.84) vs (6.29±1.79), F=24.725, all P<0.05). The highest number of eosinophils in the peripheral blood belonged to control group, and the number of eosinophils were dramatically reduced after HRS administration ((0.41±0.05)×10⁹/L vs (0.25±0.03 )×10⁹/L, (0.32±0.03)×10⁹/L vs (0.41±0.05)×10⁹/L, F=70.05, all P<0.05). The content of IL-10 and TGF-β in control group is peak ((86.88±17.17) pg/ml, (598.28±72.70) pg/ml, respectively), and compared with AR group, HRS also increased the expression of IL-10 and TGF-β of peripheral blood ((72.54±11.75) pg/ml vs (53.49±10.07) pg/ml, (530.23±57.15) pg/ml vs (482.69±65.96) pg/ml, F value was 28.357, 14.128, respectively, all P<0.05). The proportion of CD4⁺ CD25⁺ Foxp3⁺ Treg cells in controls exceeded HRS group and AR group (1.81%±0.10%, 1.29%±0.74%, respectively), and HRS treatment increased the ratio of CD4⁺ CD25⁺ Foxp3⁺ Treg cells than AR group of peripheral blood ((1.50%±0.11%) vs (1.15%±0.11%), F=168.96, P<0.05). But there was no significant diferences in splene tissue ((1.01%±0.08%) vs (0.98%±0.09%), F=97.381, P>0.05). Conclusion Both the number and the cytokine secretion of CD4⁺ CD25⁺ Foxp3⁺ Treg cells are decreased in AR group, HRS may inhibit inflammatory response and ameliorate AR via improving the number and the cytokine secretion.