Objective To probe into the imaging characteristics and regularity of color Doppler echocardiography(CDE) in congenital coronary artery fistula(CAF) in adults. Methods CDE was used to examine 31 adult patients with CAF and the imaging characteristics and regularity were observed. Angiocardiography was performed in 26 cases. Seven of the 31 cases were treated interventionally and 24 of them surgically. Results Of the 31 patients, 29 were correctly diagnosed according to the CDE characteristics (diagnosis accuracy was 93.5%) and all the complicated anomalies were correctly diagnosed. artery is the origin and whichever heart chamber is the entry site of the fistula, the left atrium and the left showed abnormal blood flow signals in the heart chamber into which the fistula drained and in pulmonary drained into the right ventricle was more common than that into the right atrium, the left atrium, the left or the pulmonary artery was easily misdiagnosed because left ventricular systolic pressure was equal to aortic pressure which made the abnormal blood flow in CDFI indistinct. Conclusions CDE showed obvious imaging characteristics and regularity for CAF in adults and has specific value for the diagnosis of this disease. But CAF that drained into the left ventricle or the pulmonary artery is easily misdiagnosed.

Purpose The mean pulmonary artery (MPAP) has been widely used as an important parameter to diagnose and evaluate pulmonary hypertension (PH).The purpose of this paper is to compare the efficacy of two methods in evaluating PH,including estimating pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) using Doppler ultrasonography to measure tricuspid regurgitation (TR) velocity,and directly using the peak velocity of TR.Materiasl and Methods From January 2012 to June 2013,eighty patients with left-to-right shunt congenital heart diseases (CHD) planned for closure procedure in Tangdu Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University and the General Hospital of Shenyang Military region were included in this prospective study,who underwent right heart catheterization to measure pulmonary artery pressure,and underwent Doppler ultrasonography to measure the peak velocity ofTR.Results Using catheter-measured MPAP of≥ 25 mmHg as diagnostic reference,the false positive rate was 62.96％,and the false negative rate 0％ when the estimated PASP of ＞30 mmHg determined by TR method was used to diagnose PH.There was high diagnostic agreement when peak velocity of TR was used to diagnose PH.When 320 cm/s and 340 crn/s were used as diagnostic cutoff values,false positive rates were 14.81％ and 7.41％,and false negative rates were 15.91％ and 20.45％,respectively.Conclusion In patients with left-to-right shunt CHD,peak velocity of TR measured on echocardiography can be used to diagnose PH which overcomes the high false positive rate in estimation method.It is more suitable to diagnose PH when the MPAP is used as the diagnostic criterion.

Objective To analyze the changes of superior vena cava SVC spectra in patients with pulmonary hypertension PH and screen the proper parameters of SVC to predict PH Methods Eighty patients with congenital heart disease who underwent right heart catheterization for the measurement of pulmonary artery pressure were included SVC Doppler ultrasound was performed before the catheterization The cut-off point of SVC parameters in the prediction of PH was analyzed using receiver operator characteristic curve ROC curve Results Eighty subjects were included and there were 61 patients in PH group and 10 patients in the control group whose spectra pattern had four waves The data of the 9 subjects whose SVC spectrum were not four waves were excluded from the analysis Diagnostic criteria for PH was pulmonary artery systolic pressure PASP more than 30 mmHg measured by right heart catheterization The analysis of the peak velocity of SVC waves showed that ventricular systolic wave S reduced ventricular reversal wave VR reduced and the ratio of atrial reversal wave and ventricular systolic wave AR S increased in the PH group Compared with the control group their differences were statistically significant t =2 244 2 063 -2 896 P =0 028 0 043 0 005 The ROC curve showed that the ratio of AR S had better diagnostic effect than other parameters On the ROC curve of AR S when the ratio of AR S was 0 45 the sensitivity was 73 77% and specificity was 80 00% respectively for predicting PH When AR S was used to distinguish the control group from patients with moderate and severe PH group the sensitivity was 82 86% and specificity was 80 00% respectively Conclusions Using the ratio of AR S 0 45 as a cut-off for prediction of PH shows a good sensitivity and specificity which might be an alternative method for assessing PH
alternative method for assessing PH.

were measured at the end of inspiratory.ResultsThe differences of following parameters were statistically significant between the healthy control group, mild PH group, moderate PH group and severe PH group: velocity time integral of ventricular systolic wave (SVTI), velocity time integral of ventricular diastolic wave (DVTI), AR, AR/S, ARVTI/SVTI, AR/(S+D), ARVTI/(SVTI+DVTI,F=2.940, 2.838, 3.373, 7.681, 3.478, 12.052, 4.806;P<0.05,<0.05,<0.05,<0.01,<0.05,<0.01,<0.01). Correlation analysis showed that ratio of AR/(S+D) was positively correlated with pulmonary artery mean pressure (r= 0.575,P<0.01). ConclusionsThe ratio of AR/(S+D) of MHV Doppler flow spectra was correlated with pulmonary artery mean pressure. The ratio increased along with the increasing of pulmonary pressure in CHD patient. The Doppler echocardiographic detection of MHV flow had a certain reference value for the diagnosis of PH. The ratio of AR/(S+D) could be a new non-invasive parameter for evaluating PH.

Objective To probe into the color Doppler echocardiographic characteristics of bilocular heart (BH) and associated malformations. Methods Twenty patients of BH were examined with color Doppler echocardiography (CDE) and the characteristics were observed. All the CDE results were compared with angiocardiography and 14 were confirmed by operation. Results Nineteen cases were properly diagnosed based on the CDE characteristics,1 case were misdiagnosed as mitral atresia. CDE characteristics of BH were obvious:① Apical four-chamber view of two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) showed total echo dropout in both the interatrial septum and the interventricular septum and disappearance of the intracardiac "cross". The common atrioventricular valve closed during systole and appeared as figure "8", named 2DE "8" sign. During diastole, the common atrioventricular valve opened to a common ventricle. ② Color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) showed common intra-atrial flow signal entereda common ventricle through common atrioventricular valve during diastole in all patients and colorful reflux through common atrioventricular valve during systole in 15 cases. ③ Among the 20 eases, 16 of the common atria were situs solitus,4 were situs inversus; 10 of the common ventricles were type A,2 were type B and 8 were type C. According to the spatial relationship of the great arteries,there were 4 type Ⅰ ,7 type Ⅱ and 9 type Ⅲ.There were 18 pulmonary stenosis and 2 pulmonary hypertension. ④ In the presence of pulmonary stenosis, CDFI showed colorful shunt signals through pulmonary artery during systole. Conclusions BH and associated malformations have obvious echocardiographic characteristics. CDE has a specific value in diagnosing BH and associated malformations.

Objective To explore the value of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in diagnosing adult multiple atrial septal defect (MASD). Methods Thirty adult patients with MASD were examined with TTE, 25 patients were examined also with TEE, 26 patients were examined with cardiac catheterization as well. Transcatheter closure of MASD was performed in 20 patients and succeeded in 18, while open-chest operation was performed in 4 patients. Results Foramen secundum atrial septal defect was diagnosed with both TTE and TEE with an accuracy rate of 60.00% (18/30) and 96.00% (24/25), respectively. The main color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) feature of adult MASD was multiple colorful left-to-right shunt signals through the atrial septal designated, i.e. colander sign of CDFI. Conclusion TTE has some difficulties and TEE has specific value in diagnosing adult MASD. TTE can be used before open-chest operation. TEE is necessary before transcatheter occlusion to make sure of the amount and location of atrial septal defect.

Purpose Estimation of the degree of pulmonary artery stenosis (PS) in children patients before treatment can provide an important basis for the choice of treatment.This study explores the accuracy of non-invasive continuous wave Doppler (CW) and electrocardiogram (ECG) in estimating the degree of PS in children patients.Materials and Methods Sixty consecutive cases of PS children were collected from January 2012 to August 2016 in the General Hospital of Shenyang Military.The right ventricular pressure was estimated by measuring cross-pulmonary artery pressure gradient by CW,or estimated by measuring the amplitude of the V1R wave by ECG,which was then compared with that measured by cardiac catheterization respectively.Results The right ventricular pressure estimated by measuring cross-pulmonary artery pressure gradient by CW was positively correlated with that measured by cardiac catheterization (r=0.88,P＜0.05).The right ventricular pressure estimated by measuring the amplitude of the V1R wave by ECG was also positively correlated with that measured by cardiac catheterization (r=0.83,P＜0.05).Conclusion The right ventricular pressure estimated by CW or ECG has good consistency with that measured by cardiac catheterization.Both CW and ECG can be used as noninvasive methods for estimating the degree of PS in children.