The histological and ultrastructural changes in cerebellum of mice exposed whole-body irradiation with high doses of 60Coy-ray were studied in this paper. The animals suffered from acute radiation sickness of CNS form, intermediate form and intestinal form after 16000, 8000 and 4000 rads irradiation respectively. The nuclear shrinkage of the cerebellar granular cells was the most prominent change after irradiation. The cellular necrosis was found only in individural cells. The shrinkage of nucleus, different from necrosis, with characteristic ultrastructural features, tended to recover as manifested by the appearance of nucleolus, increase of free polysomes and well development of Golgi apparatus. It was considered that the cerebellar granular cells were rather resistent to, the radiation. Some pathological changes of small blood vessels in cerebellum were also observed, but was not responsible for the degeneration of the neurons.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharyngeal spraying recombinant human interfe-ron alpha 2b (rhIFNα2b) in the treatment of herpangina in children.Method:s A prospective, multicenter, rando-mized, opened and controlled study was carried out in 11 hospitals in Anhui province from August 2018 to March 2019.According to the time of admission, 180 patients diagnosed as herpangina were prospectively and randomly divided into rhIFNα2b treatment group and Ribavirin control group.On the basis of giving both groups the heat-clearing, detoxifying and anti-infection treatment, the patients in treatment group received pharyngeal spraying rhIFNα2b 9 g/L saline solution[1 million IU/mL, 0.1 million IU/(0.1 mL·press)], and the patients in control group were treated by pharyngeal spraying Ribavirin (0.5 mg RBV/press, 150 press), 3 presses per time, 4 times per day, continuous administration for 5 days for both groups.Those who recovered in advance were no longer given medication.All patients were observed to fully recover.The clinical efficacy and the disappearing time of symptoms and signs between two groups were compared, and the safety of pharyngeal spraying rhIFNα2b for patients was evaluated.Result:s All of the 180 patients completed the study, including 90 cases in the treatment group and 90 cases in the control group.There was no statistically significant difference in terms of gender, age, weight and course of illness before treatment between the two groups (all P>0.05), which had clinical comparability.The apparent efficiency of the treatment group [63.3% (57/90 cases)] was significantly higher than that in the control group [38.9% (35/90 cases)] and the difference was statistically significant( χ2=10.934, P=0.004); no significant difference in the total efficiency between the treatment group [96.7% (87/90 cases)]and the control group [92.2% (83/90 cases)]was observed ( χ2=2.924, P=0.169). The duration of fever[(32.59±20.73) h vs.(45.72±26.96) h], hyperemia[(76.48±23.12) h vs.(92.44±24.31) h], herpes[(72.99±25.77) h vs.(85.09± 26.62) h], salivation[(45.44±24.96) h vs.(54.42±31.20) h] and anorexia[(62.70±23.99) h vs.(78.71±30.54) h] in the treatment group were significantly shorter than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05). Before treatment, the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α) [(13.02±4.41) ng/L vs.(13.57±9.27) ng/L], interleukin-6(IL-6) [(26.48±11.31) ng/L vs.(30.15±15.55) ng/L] and C-reactive protein(CRP)[(19.34±14.11) mg/L vs.(19.83±14.57) mg/L]were not significantly different between the two groups (all P>0.05). After treatment, the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were(7.26±1.99) ng/L and (2.42±0.73) ng/L in the treatment group, which were significantly lower than those in the control group [(12.09±6.39) ng/L and (7.32±11.51) ng/L](all P<0.05), but no significant difference in serum levels of CRP between the two groups was observed ( P>0.05). The comparison on positive rate of virus in pharyngeal swab between the treatment group [65.3% (32/49 cases) and 40.6% (13/32 cases) respectively] and the control group[66.7%(36/54 cases) and 41.0% (16/39 cases), respectively]before and after therapy showed no significant difference (all P>0.05). During the treatment, no serious adverse reactions were observed in the two groups.The incidence of adverse reactions was 1.1% (1/90 cases) in the treatment group and 5.6% (5/90 cases) in the control group.In addition, the serum hemoglobin level of children in the control group after treatment was significantly lower than that before treatment and that in the treatment group (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Compared with pharyngeal spraying ribavirin, pharyngeal spraying rhIFNα2b can greatly improve the clinical efficiency, accelerate the disappearance of clinical symptoms and signs, and shorten the total course of disease, and is more safe and worthy of clinical application.

Objective To establish a quality traceability evaluation method for the whole honeysuckle oral solution process by identifying and screening its anti-inflammatory quality markers.Methods UPLC/-TOF-MS was used to analyze the iridoids and phenolic acids in oral solution,and the correlations were constructed by molecular network technology.The HPLC fingerprints of multiple batches of oral solution were established,and similarity analyses were performed to identify key pharmacodynamic molecules.The key anti-inflammatory quality markers were confirmed by the NF-κB dual luciferase assay system.Further,the quantification of 12 quality markers of iridoids and phenolic acids in oral solution was established separately based on the dual-wavelength HPLC technique.The quality of the oral solution was evaluated by examining the extraction and transfer rate of quality markers during the processing of raw materials and preparations and thermal stability.Results A total of 9 iridoids and 6 phenolic acids were identified in the oral solution,and the possible conversion relationships between their components were depicted.Fingerprint analysis of 11 batches of oral liquids showed that the composition of their main peaks was the same,with a similarity of more than 90%.Among them,6 iridoids(loganic acid,secologanoside,secologanic acid,sweroside,secoxyloganin,secologanin)and 6 phenolic acids(neochlorogenic acid,chlorogenic acid,cryptochlorogenic acid,isochlorogenic B,isochlorogenic A,isochlorogenic C)exhibited NF-κB inhibitory activity,which were the main pharmacological components and could be used as quality markers.The traceability of the above 12 quality markers was investigated in a multi-batch process based on the dual-wavelength HPLC method.The thermal stability studies of the raw materials revealed that the contents of their total iridoids and phenolic acids remained stable.Still,some of them would be transformed between components.The production process of the oral solution was stable,and the transfer rates of the iridoids and phenolic acids during the extraction,concentration and preparation were over 76%and 63%,respectively.Conclusion The method is stable,reliable,easy to operate and can evaluate the full honeysuckle oral solution process,which provides an effective means for the quality control of honeysuckle herbs and preparations.