Objective To investigate the correlation of microperimetric parameters,best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central retinal thickness (CRT) in diabetic macular edema (DME) eyes.Methods It is a prospective,no controlled,open study.Twenty-four consecutive patients (40 eyes) with DME were included.There were 10 males (18 eyes),14 females (22 eyes);aged from 41 to 79 years,with the mean age of (56.84±8.96) years.All the patients were type 2 diabetes,the average duration of diabetes was 8 years.BCVA was evaluated using the international Snellen E vision test chart,and then recorded as logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR).CRT was measured by Cirrus HD-OCT4000.MAIA microperimetric parameters were evaluated,including average threshold (AT) of retinal sensitivity,macular integrity index (MI),fixating points within a circle of 1° (P1) and 2° of radius (P2),bivariate contour ellipse area (BCEA) considering 63％ and 95％ of fixating points (A63,A95),and horizontal and vertical axes of that ellipse (H63,H95,V63,V95).Pearson correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the association between these variables.The independent factor influenced the type of fixation was analyzed by multiple linear regression analysis.Results Strong correlations of logMAR BCVA with CRT (r=0.58,P=0.000),V63 (r=0.44,P=0.004),V95 (r=0.41,P=0.008),MI (r=0.36,P=0.024),AT (r=-0.61,P=0.000),P1 (r=-0.41,P=0.009),P2 (r=-0.38,P=0.015) were found.AT was correlations with P1 (r=0.53,P=0.000),P2 (r=0.51,P=0.001),A63 (r=-0.39,P=0.012),A95 (r=-0.40,P=0.012),V63 (r=-0.53,P=0.000),V95 (r=-0.46,P=0.003),MI (r=-0.50,P=0.001).There was no correlation between AT and CRT (r=-0.21,P=0.190).Forty eyes were included in this study,8 eyes (20％) had stable fixation,14 eyes (35％) had relatively unstable fixation,18 eyes (45％)had unstable fixation.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that fixation classification was independently affected by P 1.Conclusions In DME eyes,logMAR BCVA was positively correlated with CRT,negatively correlated with AT,P1 and P2.There is no correlation between AT and CRT.The fixation classification was independently affected by P 1.

BACKGROUND: There are some studies proposing cell membrane may be one of target cell regions for electromagnetic biological effects. However, reports responsible for cellular membrane permeability and cellular biological effects after electromagnetic irradiation are few. OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to investigate the correlations of low-power millimeter wave irradiation to cellular membrane permeability and apoptosis of HL60.DESIGN: Controlled experiment.SETTING: Thus study was performed at the Medical Experimental Central Laboratory, Guangzhou General Hospital,Guangzhou Military Area Command of Chinese PLA between November 2006 and April 2007. MATERIALS: The human leukemic cell lines HL60 were kindly provided by Medical Experimental Center of Guangzhou Military Area Command of Chinese PLA and HD-413.2HPSG 100 millimeter wave irradiation generator was developed by Xi'an Hengda Microwave Technology Development Company, China. METHODS: HL60 cells were irradiated by millimeter wave at frequency of 41.32 GHz and mean power density of 2 mW/cm2, and divided into five groups according to the irradiation time (0, 15, 30, 45, 60 minutes groups).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Lanthanum tracing was used to observe intracellular and extracellular lanthanum particles distribution and evaluate the change of cellular membrane permeability; ultrastructure and morphological characteristics of HL60 cells were observed through an transmission electron microscope; Quantitative analysis of apoptotic cells was performed by in situ marking method. RESULTS: In the 45 and 60 minutes groups, a small amount of lanthanum particles in the cytoplasm, swollen mitochondria, expanded rough endoplasmic reticulum, and obvious apoptosis were detected by ultrastructure observation. TUNEL staining showed, compared with the 0 minute control group, the apoptosis rate showed a trend of elevation in all the irradiation groups, particularly in the 45 and 60 minutes groups. CONCLUSION: Low-power millimeter wave irradiation on HL60 cells can lead to an increase in cellular membrane permeability of HL60, which may be one of the primary causes for promoting apoptosis and producing other biological effects.

BACKGROUND: Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) can not only differentiate into multiple nonhematopoietic cell lineages, but seek out damaged tissues and repair them as well. Hence, they were largely studied for their potential clinical use. However, their biological characteristics have not been fully discovered. OBJECTIVE: To compare the biological characteristics of BMSCs of different species cultured in vitro, in order to provide basis for the clinical research of stem cell therapy.DESIGN: Randomized controlled observation was designed.SETTING: Medical Research Department of General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Area.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed in Medical Research Department of General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Area from June 2004 to July 2005. Thirty SD rats weighing (160±20) g, aged 35 to 40 days, 30 Kunming mice weighing (16.0±2.0) g, aged about 40 days, 8 New Zealand white rabbits weighing (2.0±0.2) kg, aged 80 to 90 days and 10 healthy volunteers (25-32 years old) were selected. All the animals were of clean grade, which were purchased from the Animal Center of Southern Medical University.METHODS: The BMSCs of mice and rats were prepared according to the protocol developed in the Caplan laboratory, while those of rabbits and human were isolated from bone marrow suspension obtained by iliac puncture.The morphology of BMSCs was observed by light microscope and transmission electron microscope. Cell growth curve was tested by MTT. Expression of Stro-1 was analyzed by immunofluorescence cytochemistry and flow cytometry. To evaluate the specific response of BMSCs to osteogenic supplements(10 nmol/L dexamethasone, 10 mmol/L β-glycerophosphate,and 50 mg/L ascorbic acid), the activity of alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity was tested by a commercial kit. Expression of osteocalcin was examined by immunocytochemistry and hydroxyapatite crystals were shown by von Kossa staining. Adipogenic differentiation was evaluated by estimating percent of cells containing Oil Red-O- stained oil droplets.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Morphological observation and growth situation of BMSCs. ② Expression of Stro-1: BMSC marker. ③ Differentiation in osteogenic medium.RESULTS: ①The morphology of adherent BMSCs ofthose four species observed by optic microscopy was obviously different. When they became mature or aged, the mouse cells turned into flat shape, irregularly polygonal, fell to pieces and deposited on the flask-bottom, while the rat, rabbit and human cells would enlarge and become polygonal, vacuoles would appear in their cytoplasm, finally, the cells were detached from the flask-bottom, floating off like cotton wool. The cultures of different species also had some commonness, such as poly-layer growing manner, without contact inhibition and consisting of two groups. Cells of one group grew into colonies from single cells and expanded quickly, while cells of the other group were sporadic and did not proliferate. Electron microscopy revealed that all of the primary cells had microvilli and that they could be divided into two subpopulations according to their ultrastructures. Some cells were rich in organelles and most chromatin was euchromatin, while the other subpopulation cells had much fewer organelles and more heterochromatin. Growth curves of BMSCs of different species were almost the same. ② The positive rate of human adherent bone marrow-derived cells for Stro-1: BMSC marker was (91.4±8.3) %, and that of mouse adherent cells was (83.5±6.2) % .③Treated with osteogenic supplements, mouse BMSCs differentiated into adipose tissue, rabbit ones died, while rat and human ones differentiated into osteocytes. BMSCs also demonstrated spontaneous differentiation in vitro.CONCLUSION: Mouse, rat, rabbit and human BMSCs can be easily expanded in vitro, although the harvest of the current method is a mixture of mesenchymal cells with various maturities, most of which are poor-differen-tiated cells. BMSCs of those species are different in morphology and response to the same inductive supplements. Therefore, in order to establish a kind of stem cell therapy, it is necessary not only for evidence from animal experiments but for that from human experiments as well.

OBJECTIVETo screen for the inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 165 from random peptide library.

METHODSPositive phage clones were rescued after two rounds of panning and competitive elution. Its affinity activity to KDR was monitored through ELISA, immunohistochemical method, Chicken CAM assay and MTT.

RESULTSFive specific binding positive target molecule phage clones were obtained which were able to bind to cells whose surface had high KDR, among which, clone 3 and 13 could effectively block the vascularization of the chorioallantoic membrane of chick embryo, but they were not inhibitive on the proliferation of high KDR expression cells.

CONCLUSIONThe peptides, being the inhibitors of VEGF, may be useful in the treatment of cancers.

Animals ; Binding Sites ; Endothelial Growth Factors ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Humans ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; metabolism ; Lymphokines ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Peptide Library ; Peptides ; pharmacology ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors

We performed this research mainly to explore the effect of bone sialoprotein (BSP) silence by siRNA on the adhesion ability to bone matrix of bone-seeking breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231BO). Also we aimed to provide experimental data for prevention and treatment of breast cancer bone metastasis by targeting BSP. We explored the effects of BSP gene silence on characteristics of bone-seeking breast cancer cells: proliferation by MTS[3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt] assay, bone adhesion ability by a mouse bone adhesion model in vitro, morphology of the cells by SEM, and secretion of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) by ELISA kits. We performed intra-cardiac injection in nude mice to explore bone metastatic ability of different cell lines. The results showed that knockdown of BSP significantly inhibited the proliferation of MDA-MB-231BO cells and their adhesion to bone matrix. We also observed bone destruction caused by bone resorption around some adhering cells. The appearances of the cells changed in BSP gene silenced group, and the secretion of TGF-beta1 and RANKL decreased. The results showed BSP gene silence can partial inhibition bone metastasis of breast cancer cells in nude mice by X-ray assay and hematoxylin-eosin staining. Based on our research, siRNA-mediated BSP silencing can inhibit proliferation and adhesion to bone matrix of bone-seeking breast cancer cells and change their surface structure, thus inhibits their bone metastatic ability.
Animals ; Bone Matrix ; metabolism ; Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Adhesion ; Female ; Gene Silencing ; Humans ; Integrin-Binding Sialoprotein ; genetics ; pharmacology ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; genetics ; prevention & control ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

The status of lymph node metastasis is an important prognostic factor for many malignant tumors, including lung cancer. In the 8th edition of the TNM staging system for lung cancer, the T staging had obvious changes and refinements, but the N staging had little changes. Recently, several studies have found that the prognosis of patients with the same N stage can vary greatly, suggesting that a more detailed subgroup of patients with the same N stage should be subdivided, including the inclusion of extra-capsular lymph node metastases (ENE). In this review, we reviewed the definition, classification/grading, imaging diagnosis, pathological diagnosis, related molecular markers and their relationship with the prognosis of lung cancer patients.

Objective To analyze the influencing factors on clinical response to conbercept for diabetic maeular edema (DME).Methods A total of 51 patients (51 eyes) with DME who underwent intravitreal injection of conbercept were included in this retrospective study.The general information (age,sex,body mass index,smoking history,drinking history),blood glucose indicators (duration of diabetes,fasting blood glucose,HbA 1 c),blood pressure indicators (history of hypertension,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure),lipid indicators [total cholesterol (TC),high-density lipoprotein (HDL),apolipoprotein A (APOA)],biochemical indicators [neutrophil concentration,hemoglobin (HB),serum creatinine (Scr)] were collected.The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and macular central macular thickness (CMT) before and after treatment were comparatively analyzed.CMT reduced not less than 20％ and BCVA increased by 2 lines as effective standards.Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to determine the factors affecting the efficacy ofintravitreal injection ofconbercept in patients with DME.Results Univariate analysis showed that diastolic blood pressure,HDL,serum neutrophil concentration,baseline CMT and baseline BCVA were associated with edema regression (P＜ 0.05);HbA 1 c was associated with vision improvement (P＜ 0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that there was a history of smoking (OR=0.122,95％ CI 0.017-0.887),low diastolic blood pressure (OR=0.850,95％CI 0.748-0.966),low HDL (OR=0.007,95％CI 0.000 1-0.440),thin baseline CMT (OR=0.986,95％CI 0.977-0.995) were independent risk factors for failure outcome of edema regression (P＜0.05);long duration of diabetes (OR=1.191,95％CI 1.011-1.404),high APOA (OR=l.007,95％ CI 1.000-1.013) were independent risk factors for failure outcome of vision improvement.Age,fasting blood glucose,systolic blood pressure,TC,HB,Scr and other indicators had no effect on the efficacy of edema regression and vision improvement after treatment (P＞ 0.05).Conclusions Smoking history,long duration of diabetes,low diastolic blood pressure,low HDL level,high APOA level and thin baseline CMT are independent risk factors for the treatment of DME with intravitreal injection of conbercept.

In the early stage of diabetes retinopathy(DR),the change in the molecular level is often earlier than chan-ges in retinal microvessels.Under the chronic high-glucose environment,oxidative stress,epigenetic changes and other mechanisms cause retinal mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)damage,affect the transcription process of mtDNA coding genes,and damage the electronic transport chain,leading to a vicious cycle of free radicals,which accelerates the apoptosis of retinal capillary pericytes and endothelial cells,leads to retinal microcirculation dysfunction,and cause DR.This paper will review the epigenetic changes,oxidative stress,damage to replication and repair system,gene mutation and other aspects,in order to elaborate on the research progress of retinal mtDNA damage in the pathogenesis of DR.

AIM:To systematically evaluate the changes in retinal and choroidal thickness in patients with internal carotid artery stenosis by using optical coherence tomography(OCT)through Meta-analysis.METHODS: Literatures on the measurement of retinal and choroidal structure in patients with internal carotid artery stenosis by using OCT from CNKI, VIP, WF, PubMed, the Cochrane Library, SinoMed, and Embase databases were searched for relevant studies. The retrieval time was from the establishment of the databases to January 2024. In addition, quality of the included literatures was assessed by the Newtle-Ottawa scale(NOS), and RevMan 5.4.1 and Stata 16.0 were used for statistical analysis.RESULTS: A total of 17 articles(including 18 studies)were included, and the Meta-analysis results showed that, patients with internal carotid artery stenosis had significantly thinner peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer(pRNFL), ganglion cell complex(GCC), center macular thickness(CMT), and subfoveal choroidal thickness(SFCT)than the healthy control group(age matched normal population). The pRNFL and SFCT of the ipsilateral eye in patients with internal carotid artery stenosis become thinner compared with the contralateral eye.CONCLUSION:To a certain extent, the morphological structure of the retina and choroid can be altered by stenosis of the internal carotid artery. OCT can non-invasively detect the microstructural changes of the retina and choroid in patients with internal carotid artery stenosis, and can be used for the evaluation of internal carotid artery stenosis.

AIM: To explore retinal microvascular changes in migraine patients using meta-analysis.METHODS: The National Library of Medicine PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched to find relevant studies, and the search period was from the creation of database to June 2023. Two investigators independently screened the literatures, extracted data, and evaluated the quality of included studies using the NOS scale. STATA15.0 was used for Meta-analysis and publication bias evaluation, sensitivity analysis was performed for results with large heterogeneity, and the funnel plot and Egger were used to assess the publication bias of the literature.RESULTS:A total of 12 studies, including 217 patients(252 eyes)with migraine with aura(MA), 283 patients(388 eyes)with migraine without aura(MO), and 374 healthy individuals(479 eyes), were included in this Meta-analysis. Several optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)indicators, including foveal avascular zone(FAZ)macular or optic disc perfusion density were compared and analyzed. The Meta-analysis results showed that compared with healthy controls, patients with MA had a significant increase in FAZ area and perimeter, a significant decrease in perfusion density of the macular deep capillary plexus(mDCP)except for the fovea, and a significant decrease in perfusion density of the radial peripapillary capillaries(RPC)around the optic disc; the FAZ parameters were significantly increased in MO, while the differences in perfusion density of the macular superficial capillary plexus(mSCP), mDCP and RPC were not statistically significant, except for the perfusion density in the parafovea mDCP.CONCLUSIONS: Both MA and MO patients had an enlarged FAZ area, patients with MA had a significant decrease in mDCP perfusion density, and migraine patients had some degree of retinal ischemia.