Orthopaedics in china originated chinese medicine and Western medicine. In the first half of twentieth century , Dr. meng chimao(Beijing),New Way Sung (Shanghai),Fang Hsienchi, and others contributed a great deal to development of modern orthopaedics in china. The orthopaedic group was organized under the auspecies of Chinese Medical Association in 1937. The chinese Medical Association Orthopaedic Society was wstablished in 1980. The main achievements of Orthopaedics in China include replantation of severed limb or fingres,toe teansplantation for thumb and fonger reconstruction, nerve teansfer for brachial plexus avulsion, resrarch and manufacturing of domestic prostheses and the techniques of artifival joint replacement, surgical treatment of severe scoliosis and classification of idiopathic scoliosis, operative tireatment of bone tumor, and basic research on giant cell tumor of bone.

Objective To study the growth inhibitory and apoptosis inducting effect of paclitaxel on human osteoblastic cell line U-2 OS. Methods U-2 OS cells were treated with various concentrations of paclitaxel. Proliferation was determined by cell count in a Neubauer cytometer chamber. Viability was assessed by trypanblau dye exclusion. Paclitaxel induced morphologic alterations were visualized, using light and transmission electron microscopy. The extent of paclitaxel induced apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry and immunohistochemical detection (TdT mediated dUTP nick end labeling technique, TUNEL). Results Paclitaxel had a growth inhibitory and apoptosis inducting effect on U-2 OS cell. The cell treated with paclitaxel initially show G2/M arrest; follow by apoptosis. A characteristic apoptosis change including nuclear disintegration and chromatin agglomerate were displayed. Lots of multinucleate cells appeared, which was not seen on the cell treated with other chemotherapeutic agents such as cisplatin and adriamycin. Also, extensive DNA cleavage was detected by immunohistochemical technique. Conclusion Paclitaxel has an obvious growth inhibitory and apoptosis inducting effect on osteosarcoma cell line by induce a G2/M arrest and inhibit the mitosis. The effect of paclitaxel displays a time dependent and dose dependent manner.

Objective. To study the performance of free nerve graft with vascular implantation.Material and method. Three groups of rats were used. A 10 mm nerve defect was made in the sciatic nerve. It was repaired respectively with vascularised nerve graft(VNG), free nerve graft with vascular implantation(NGV) or free nerve graft(NG). Before 30 days the revascularisation of the nerve graft was assessed;at 2 to 3 month regeneration of nerve was evaluated. Histochemical staining, vascular morphology and electrophysiological examination were undertaken.Result and conclusion. The number of regenerated blood vessels in VNG and NGV was significantly increased than that in NG before 30 days. The ratio of regenerated nerve fiber area and conduction velocity in the first two groups were much better than those in NG at 2 to 3 months.