AIM　To study the effects of verapamil on end-plate potentials(EPPs) in isolated non-uniform stretched muscle preparation(INSMP) of rat diaphragms pretreated with neostigmine or 3,4-diaminopyridine(3,4-DAP). METHODS　Using conventional intracellular microelectrode recording technique. RESULTS A sustained depolarization could be induced at the end-plate area pre-incubated with 0.2－5.0 μmol·L-1 neostigmine or 1.0－4.0 mmol·L-1 3,4-DAP. In normal Tyrode solution, verapamil at a concentration of 1, 5, 10 or 20 μmol·L-1 had no significant effect on evoked endplate potentials and miniature endplate potentials. However, the sustained depolarization due to neostigmine or 3,4-DAP could be antagonized by verapamil at 5－20 μmol·L-1 and the duration of the depolarization was shortened in a concentration-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONL-type calcium ion channels can be activated by accumulated acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft and may be involved in producing sustained depolarization, while they play no role in transmitter release under normal physiological conditions.

Objective: In order to reveal the mechanisms of rh-endostatin and its suppression effect on HUVECs at different activating levels. Methods: Three types of HUVEC were prepared. We detected the ex-pression of CD105 and CD62E on the surface of adhering HUVEC, HUVEC of exponential phase of growth, and HUVEC activated with TNF-alpha. The effect of endostatin on these three types of HUVEC was indicated by the variation in the expression of CD105 and CD62E on the cells. The relationship of the changes in cell markers with the time and the concentration of endostatin was analyzed by SPSS 11.5. Results: The expres-sion of CD105 was correlated with time and dose of endostar in all groups. The expression of CD62E was cor-related with the dose of endostar in HUVEC treated with TNF-α for 24h. Conclusion: Endostatin of a certain dose can inhibit the activation of endothelial cells but it cannot induce cell apoptosis.

Objective To study the long-term effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on advanced breast cancer. Methods The CAF neoadjuvant chemotherapy 〔CTX 500 mg/m2(1st day, 8th day), 5-FU 500 mg/m2(1st day, 8th day), and ADM 30 mg/m2 (1st day) every 3 weeks〕 was carried out in 31 breast cancer patients (stageⅢ,Ⅳ) for 2 cycles before operation, compared with 30 patients (stage Ⅲa) whose therapies were never done and operations could be feasible. Results The overall response rate was 87.1%(27/31). The stages of 19 patients among 31 (61.3%) declined (6 patients to stage Ⅲa, 8 to stageⅡb, 4 to stageⅡa, 1 to stage 0, 1 to complete response and none to pathological complete response). The disease-free survival time of the patients was 56.3 months which was obviously longer than that of the patients without neoadjuvant chemotherapy (43.5 months, P

Objective The purification methods of the exosomes derived form T cells were established in order to get high quan-tity exosomes .Methods Exosomes from T cells culture supernatants were purified by ExoQuick Precipitation ,ultrafiltration and sucrose gradient centrifugation ,differential ultracentrifugation ,and confirmed via using transmission electron microscopy .The pro-tein expression of the exosomes were analyzed by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis .Western blotting was used to test the expression of IL-2 .Results The protein concentration of the exosomes purified through ExoQuick Precipitation ,ultrafiltration and sucrose gradi-ent centrifugation were higher than through differential ultracentrifugation (P<0 .05) .SDS-PAGE displayed the difference among the exosome purified by three methods .Three kinds of exosomes all expressed IL-2 .Conclusion ExoQuick Precipitation ,ultrafiltra-tion and sucrose gradient centrifugation technique can obtain high purity and complete exosome sample .

Objective To investigate the hemostatic function of biological glue in renal trauma.Methods Establishment of rab-bit kidney scratch,partial nephrectomy and renal injury penetrating wound models were available with a biological glue and hemo-static powder processing,observed and recorded the amount of bleeding and bleeding time.Tissue sample were transected from the wound of kidneys in each group after a month,and the renal wound healing condition was observed by pathological examination.Re-sults The hemostatic function of biological glue was better than styptic powder,the amount of bleeding in biological glue group and hemostatic powder group of kidney scratched model were(1.39±0.09)mL,(1.77±0.44)mL,the difference was not statistically significant(P =0.115);the bleeding time were(5.02 ±0.23)s,(66.40± 7.35)s,the difference was statistically significant(P <0.01);the amount of bleeding in two models of partial nephrectomy and renal penetrating wound were(2.07±0.25)mL,(11.42± 1.33)mL;(2.01 ± 0.36)mL,(3.95 ± 0.39)mL and bleeding time were(6.16 ± 0.69)s,(139.38 ± 8.97)s;(7.68 ± 0.80)s, (144.26±9.27)s,the differences were statistically significant(P <0.01).Pathology results showed that the wounds healed well. Conclusion The hemostatic function of biological glue in renal trauma were remarkable and stable,and was worth to be further promoted.

Objective To explore the feasibility of making cystoscope training model with rapid prototyping technology and its training method in cystoscope operation. Methods Constructed a cystoscope training model, and designed a set of corresponding training methods ac-cording to the process and behavioral essentials of cystoscope operation. Selected 20 students who have never learned cystoscope operation and trained them with the new designed cystoscope training mode and training methods, and the training results were verified. Results Compared before and after the training, the operation time of all the trainees were significantly shortened, and their operation steps and skills were more proficient. Conclusion Cystoscope training model can help beginners to grasp the theoretical basis of cystoscopy, operation steps, and behavioral essentials, so as to shorten the learning curve of the cystoscope operation.

Obj ective To analyze the difference of positive expression rate of HBsAg and HBeAg among patients with malignant lymphoma,other tumor patients and normal people.Meth-ods A total of 260 patients were collected,including 102 cases in malignant lymphoma group,98 cases in other cancer group and 60 cases in normal group.Clinical materials of patients with malig-nant lymphoma were retrospectively analyzed.The differences of positive expression rate of HBsAg and HBeAg among patients with malignant lymphoma,other tumor patients and normal people were analyzed.The relationship between HBsAg,HBeAg and positive rate with age,gender,histological type,clinical stage were also analyzed.Results The positive expression rates of HBsAg and HBeAg in malignant lymphoma group were significantly higher than other cancer group and normal group.The positive expression rate of HBsAg and HBeAg had no significant correlation with age, gender,histological type,clinical stage.Conclusion The positive expression rates of HBsAg and HBeAg in malignant lymphoma patients are significantly higher than other cancer patients and nor-mal patients.

Obj ective To analyze the difference of positive expression rate of HBsAg and HBeAg among patients with malignant lymphoma,other tumor patients and normal people.Meth-ods A total of 260 patients were collected,including 102 cases in malignant lymphoma group,98 cases in other cancer group and 60 cases in normal group.Clinical materials of patients with malig-nant lymphoma were retrospectively analyzed.The differences of positive expression rate of HBsAg and HBeAg among patients with malignant lymphoma,other tumor patients and normal people were analyzed.The relationship between HBsAg,HBeAg and positive rate with age,gender,histological type,clinical stage were also analyzed.Results The positive expression rates of HBsAg and HBeAg in malignant lymphoma group were significantly higher than other cancer group and normal group.The positive expression rate of HBsAg and HBeAg had no significant correlation with age, gender,histological type,clinical stage.Conclusion The positive expression rates of HBsAg and HBeAg in malignant lymphoma patients are significantly higher than other cancer patients and nor-mal patients.

Objective To evaluate the curative effect of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE)combined with Antike in the treatment of primary liver cancer. Methods The data of 72 patients with primary liver cancer(90 lesions in total)admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University from August 2016 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were divided into the observa-tion group(n = 36)and the control group(n = 36)according to the therapeutic schedule. The patients in the control group(40 foci)were treated with TACE only,and the patients in the observation group(50 foci)re-ceived TCAE treatment,oral Antike capsules were taken at the same time with the frequency of three times a day,two capsules each time,and six weeks were planned for one treatment cycle. A total of four cycles were completed. All patients underwent CT enhancement scans one week before TACE treatment and six months after treatment. According to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors,complete remission and partial remission were deemed as effectivity. The imaging data of the change of tumor size,postoperative tumor residual,tumor capsule growth and new intrahepatic metastases were analyzed and used to evaluate the curative effect of patients in the two groups. Results After 6 months of treatment,there were 39 effective lesions in the observation group and 23 in the control group. The total effective rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group(78. 0％ vs. 57. 5％ ),and the difference was statistically significant(χ2 = 4. 357,P = 0. 037). Twenty-three neoplastic capsule lesions were detected in the observation group and 9 in the control group. The detection rate of neoplastic capsule was higher in the observation group than that in the control group(46. 0％vs. 22. 5％ ),and the difference was statistically significant(χ2 = 5. 356,P = 0. 021). There were 27 residual tumors and 5 new intrahepatic metastases in the observation group,30 residual tumors and 13 new intrahepatic metastases in the control group. The residual tumor rate and neohepatic metastasis rate in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(54. 0％ vs. 75. 0％ ;13. 9％ vs. 36. 1％ ),and the differences were statistically significant(χ2 = 4. 220,P = 0. 040;χ2 = 4. 741,P = 0. 029). Conclusion TACE combined with Antike is safe and effective in the treatment of primary liver cancer. It can improve the total clinical effi-ciency,promote the growth of tumor capsule,and reduce the recurrence rate and metastasis rate of tumor. It is worthy of clinical application.

Objective To investigate the impacts of artesunate(Art)on the formation of kidney stones and the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt)signaling pathway.Methods Rats were randomly divided into the Control group,Model group,Artesunate low-dose group(ART-L group),artesunate high-dose group(ART-H group),artesunate high-dose+PI3K in-hibitor group(Art+LY294002 group).The rat model of kidney stone was established by drinking water with ethylene glycol and injecting sodium oxalate intraperitoneally.A kidney stone cell model was established by exposing HK-2 cells to 200 mg/L calcium oxalate mono-hydrate crystals and 2 mmol/L oxalate.The levels of Ca2+and oxalic acid(Ox)in urine and serum creatinine(Scr)and blood urea ni-trogen(BUN)were detected;Pizzolato staining was applied to observe the deposition of calcium salts in renal tissues;the pathological morphology in renal tissues was detected by HE staining;malondialdehyde(MDA)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)kits were used to detect the levels of MDA and SOD in renal tissue and HK-2 cells;ELISA method was applied to detect TNF-α,IL-1βand IL-6 in renal tissue and HK-2 cells;fluorescence quantification was applied to detect the levels of Bax,caspase-3,PI3K and Akt;immunohis-tochemical and Western blot were applied to detect the expression levels of PI3K and Akt proteins in the renal tissues.HK-2 cell apopto-sis was measured by flow cytometry.Results Compared with the Model group,Ca2+,Ox,Scr,BUN,the level of MDA,TNF-α,IL-1 β,IL-6 in renal tissue and HK-2 cells,the expression of Bax,caspase-3 in renal tissue decreased in Art-L and Art-H groups,the level of SOD,PI3K,and Akt in renal tissue and HK-2 cells increased(P＜0.05);compared with the Art-H group,Ca2+,Ox,Scr,BUN,the level of MDA,TNF-α,IL-1 β,IL-6 in renal tissue and HK-2 cells,the expression of Bax,caspase-3 in renal tis-sue increased in the Art+LY294002 group,the level of SOD,PI3K and Akt in renal tissue and HK-2 cells decreased(P＜0.05).Conclusion Artesunate can inhibit the formation of kidney stones;its inhibition of stone formation may be produced through the mecha-nism of up-regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.